Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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Winds in the UP.DAT file are given no influence in the boundary layer where the tracer transport and dispersion takes place. Over water, the boundary layer structure is characterized by the wind speed, air-sea temperature difference, relative humidity and vertical temperature gradient listed in the SEA.DAT file. The overwater mixing height is taken directly from the SEA.DAT file and treated as an observation. Over land, the boundary layer structure is characterized by the wind speed and cloud cover listed in the SURF.DAT file, along with the gridded surface characteristics contained in the geophysical data file that account for land use variations. The daytime mixing height over land includes the history of the computed surface fluxes and accounts for the modification of the temperature structure aloft provided in the UP.DAT file. Note that mixing heights are modified for advection affects which for on-shore flow typical of these datasets produces a daytime thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL). Alternate methods for computing the overwater boundary layer parameters are selected at each site to explore the sensitivity of model performance to these choices. The new COARE algorithm option switch (ICOARE) has the following settings: 0: OCD-like original flux model (default) 10: COARE with no wave parameterization (Charnock parameter for the open ocean, or “deep water” – can be modified for “shallow water”) 11: COARE with wave option 1 (Oost et al., 2002) and default equilibrium wave properties -11: COARE with wave option 1 (Oost et al., 2002) and observed wave properties (provided in revised SEA.DAT input file) 12: COARE with wave option 2 (Taylor and Yelland, 2001) and default equilibrium wave properties -12: COARE with wave option 2 (Taylor and Yelland, 2001) and observed wave properties (provided in revised SEA.DAT input file) Because observed wave properties are not part of these datasets, options -11 and -12 are not tested. When ICOARE=10, an adjustment to the Charnock constant in the roughness length can be applied to differentiate between open-ocean (“deep water”) locations and near-shore (“shallow water”) locations. We test this using both the original deep water and the proposed shallow water limits to determine if the original deep-water formulation may be used everywhere. The goal of this endeavor is to determine if any of these options is able to produce significantly better performance, thereby guiding the recommendation for configuring this aspect of the COARE module. Results for each of these options are labeled as 0, 10d, 10s, 11, 12, where Final Report Vol.1 56
the numbers refer to ICOARE values, and the “d” and “s” refer to the deep-water and shallow-water Charnock parameter limits. CALMET must be started no later than the hour that ends at 0500 in the base time zone (typically LST) and it does not need to create meteorological fields for hours after the end of sampling, since no CALPUFF simulations are made after the sampling terminates. Therefore each experiment-day is simulated in a separate CALMET application. The fumigation study at Carpinteria is made up of several ½-hour periods instead of the one-hour periods used in the other datasets. These are simulated as one-hour experiments. On 10/4/1985 and 10/5/1985, three contiguous ½-hour sampling and meteorological averaging periods must be addressed (10:00, 10:30, 11:00). This is done by making two simulations of each day, with Hour 11 set to the 10:30 period in one, and 11:00 in the other. Hour 10 is period 10:00 in both runs. Oresund Emphasis is given to using all available measured winds and temperatures at sites upwind of, across, and downwind of the strait of Oresund. Unlike most regular CALMET applications, there is a wealth of data on the vertical structure. Therefore, CALMET is configured to NOT extrapolate the surface observations. Winds in the UP.DAT files are given primary influence on the tracer transport and dispersion of these elevated releases. Over the Oresund itself, the boundary layer structure is characterized by the wind speed, air-sea temperature difference, relative humidity and vertical temperature gradient listed in the SEA.DAT file. The overwater mixing height is taken directly from the SEA.DAT file and treated as an observation when it is provided, or it is computed when it is not provided. CALMET is run both with and without estimated overwater mixing heights. Over land, the boundary layer structure is characterized by the wind speed and cloud cover listed in the SURF.DAT file, along with the gridded surface characteristics contained in the geophysical data file that account for land use variations. The daytime mixing height over land includes the history of the computed surface fluxes and accounts for the modification of the temperature structure aloft provided in the UP.DAT files. Note that all mixing heights (over land and over water, whether computed or provided in the SEA.DAT file) are modified for advection affects which includes both off-shore and on-shore flow in this study. Alternate methods for computing mixing heights are selected to explore the sensitivity of model performance to these choices. Overwater mixing heights are either provided in the SEA.DAT file (these heights are listed in Table 4-10), or computed internally. Whenever the mixing height is computed (land or water) and the surface heat flux is positive, either the modified Maul-Carson model is used Final Report Vol.1 57
Page 1 and 2:
Development of the Next Generation
Page 3 and 4:
1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this
Page 5 and 6:
• Prognostic Meteorological Model
Page 7 and 8: o 1: Maul (1980)-Carson (1973) o 2:
Page 9 and 10: into 50 tiles (90 RUC grid-points/t
Page 11 and 12: y H ( 1− 34.15z / L) 1/ 3 = (3-9)
Page 13 and 14: During execution, the bulk algorith
Page 15 and 16: Anemometer Height Adjustment for La
Page 17 and 18: T (ºK) g (m/s 2 ) temperature grav
Page 19 and 20: adjusted to account for the effect
Page 21 and 22: Two methods of supplying the timesc
Page 23 and 24: cell is the cell that determines th
Page 25 and 26: June 4 (1130-1230 CET) L. Turbulenc
Page 27 and 28: 4. MODEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 4.1
Page 29 and 30: The CALMET preprocessors TERREL, CT
Page 31 and 32: All sampler locations are used as r
Page 33 and 34: Table 4-2b Over-water Meteorologica
Page 35 and 36: Meteorological data used in the OCD
Page 37 and 38: . . CARPINTERIA, CA 3814 . UTM Nort
Page 39 and 40: Year Month Day Table 4-4 Over-water
Page 41 and 42: Datum: NAS-C (North American 1927)
Page 43 and 44: Table 4-5 Source Characterization f
Page 45 and 46: Table 4-6a Over-water Meteorologica
Page 47 and 48: Geophysical Processing Gridded land
Page 49 and 50: Table 4-7 Source Characterization f
Page 51 and 52: tape format called GF-3. These data
Page 53 and 54: . . Strait of Oresund 6230 6220 UTM
Page 55 and 56: . . Strait of Oresund 6230 6220 UTM
Page 57: Table 4-10 SEA.DAT Meteorological D
Page 61 and 62: that are simulated during the one-h
Page 63 and 64: 4.3 Evaluation Results Cameron, Car
Page 65 and 66: improve model performance relative
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-7. Graphical depiction of
Page 75 and 76: Table 4-15 Performance Statistics f
Page 77 and 78: Performance of CALPUFF Configuratio
Page 81 and 82: Table 4-16 (continued) Performance
Page 85 and 86: into CALPUFF, and the simulations a
Page 87 and 88: Table 4-18 Oresund Results with Min
Page 89 and 90: Table 4-20 Oresund Results with Min
Page 93 and 94: 4.4 Recommendations A minimum σ v
Page 95 and 96: SEA.DAT and OZONE.DAT files are pro
Page 97 and 98: 36 34 32 30 Latitude 28 26 24 22 -1
Page 99 and 100: WMO Number WBAN Number Station Iden
Page 105 and 106: 36 72363 72340 34 72249 72248 72235
Page 107 and 108: 36 34 32 41008 30 42035 42007 42040
Page 109 and 110:
36 34 32 30 Latitude 28 26 24 22 -1
Page 111 and 112:
COOP State Station Name Table 5-4.
Page 113 and 114:
COOP State Station Name Table 5-4.
Page 115 and 116:
Table 5-4. (Concluded) Hourly NWS P
Page 117 and 118:
Table 5-5. Ozone Stations Station I
Page 119 and 120:
Table 5-5. (Continued) Ozone Statio
Page 121 and 122:
Table 5-5. (Continued) Ozone Statio
Page 123 and 124:
36 317 339 361 383 405 427 449 471
Page 125 and 126:
- Figure 5-8. “Inputs/Outputs & R
Page 127 and 128:
6. REFERENCES Batchvarova, E. and S
Page 129 and 130:
Maat, N., C. Kraan, and W.A. Oost,
Page 131:
APPENDIX: COMPILATION OF A HIGH RES
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Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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