Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC
Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC
Geophysical Processing Gridded land use and terrain elevation data for the CALMET geophysical file are obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey. The terrain data are from the global 30 arc-second dataset GTOPO30, with an approximate resolution of 900m. Land use data are from the global Lambert Azimuthal dataset, with a resolution of 1 km. Because the data resolution is about 1 km, a modeling grid is chosen with the same resolution, and uses the same projection and datum as positional data contained in the dataset. The modeling grid chosen to cover the area is defined by: Map Projection: UTM (Zone 33N) Datum: EUR-M (European 1950) SW Corner Coordinates (km): (300.0, 6130.0) Number of cells (nx,ny): (100,100) Cell Size (km): 1.000 The CALMET preprocessors TERREL, CTGPROC, and MAKEGEO are applied to convert the geophysical datasets to this modeling grid, creating the CALMET GEO.DAT file. The resulting map of the experiment region is shown in Figure 4-5. The three releases from the Gladsaxe tower are transported across about 7 km of urban/built-up land in and around Copenhagen before reaching the strait. The six releases from the Barseback tower are very near the strait, with a more rural upwind fetch. Source & Receptor Characterization Tracer releases are characterized as point sources and a minimal exit velocity is used to remove any momentum rise. There is no downwash. Actual emission rates of the tracer are modeled explicitly, although these rates are steady throughout an experiment and vary little between experiments. All six of the releases from Barseback are at 6.17 g/s, and those three from Gladsaxe are at 5.05 g/s, 5.09 g/s, and 5.39 g/s. Release times are typically on the hour or half hour, and last three to five hours. These times are simulated in CALPUFF by using the diurnal emissions cycle for point sources. The 24 emission factors in the cycle are set to 1.0 only during the release period, and the release period begins at the start of the first hour of actual release. If the tracer starts at 0830 CET (Central European Time), Hour 9 in the diurnal array has the first non-zero value. These times and other point source characteristics used in the modeling are listed in Table 4-9. Final Report Vol.1 50
. . Strait of Oresund 6230 6220 UTM North (km) Zone 33N, Datum: EUR-M 6210 6200 6190 6180 6170 6160 6150 6140 Denmark Gladsaxe Barseback Sweden 100 95 Snow/Ice 90 85 Tundra 80 75 Barren 70 65 Wetland 60 55 Water 50 45 Forest 40 35 Range 30 25 Agriculture 20 15 Urban/Built-Up 10 Land Use Terrain Contour 25m . 6130 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 UTM East (km) Zone 33N, Datum: EUR-M Sampler Locations Tracer Releases . Figure 4-5. Geophysical properties of the site of the 1984 Oresund tracer experiments, as gridded for use in the CALMET/CALPUFF simulations. The grid cell size is 1.0 km. Tracer concentrations were measured at a subset of the indicated sampler locations during each of the nine tests, depending on the transport. Six tracer releases were made from the Barseback tower, and three were made from the Gladsaxe tower. Final Report Vol.1 51
- Page 1 and 2: Development of the Next Generation
- Page 3 and 4: 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this
- Page 5 and 6: • Prognostic Meteorological Model
- Page 7 and 8: o 1: Maul (1980)-Carson (1973) o 2:
- Page 9 and 10: into 50 tiles (90 RUC grid-points/t
- Page 11 and 12: y H ( 1− 34.15z / L) 1/ 3 = (3-9)
- Page 13 and 14: During execution, the bulk algorith
- Page 15 and 16: Anemometer Height Adjustment for La
- Page 17 and 18: T (ºK) g (m/s 2 ) temperature grav
- Page 19 and 20: adjusted to account for the effect
- Page 21 and 22: Two methods of supplying the timesc
- Page 23 and 24: cell is the cell that determines th
- Page 25 and 26: June 4 (1130-1230 CET) L. Turbulenc
- Page 27 and 28: 4. MODEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 4.1
- Page 29 and 30: The CALMET preprocessors TERREL, CT
- Page 31 and 32: All sampler locations are used as r
- Page 33 and 34: Table 4-2b Over-water Meteorologica
- Page 35 and 36: Meteorological data used in the OCD
- Page 37 and 38: . . CARPINTERIA, CA 3814 . UTM Nort
- Page 39 and 40: Year Month Day Table 4-4 Over-water
- Page 41 and 42: Datum: NAS-C (North American 1927)
- Page 43 and 44: Table 4-5 Source Characterization f
- Page 45 and 46: Table 4-6a Over-water Meteorologica
- Page 47 and 48: Geophysical Processing Gridded land
- Page 49 and 50: Table 4-7 Source Characterization f
- Page 51: tape format called GF-3. These data
- Page 55 and 56: . . Strait of Oresund 6230 6220 UTM
- Page 57 and 58: Table 4-10 SEA.DAT Meteorological D
- Page 59 and 60: the numbers refer to ICOARE values,
- Page 61 and 62: that are simulated during the one-h
- Page 63 and 64: 4.3 Evaluation Results Cameron, Car
- Page 65 and 66: improve model performance relative
- Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-7. Graphical depiction of
- Page 69 and 70: Figure 4-8. Graphical depiction of
- Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-9. Graphical depiction of
- Page 73 and 74: Figure 4-10. Graphical depiction of
- Page 75 and 76: Table 4-15 Performance Statistics f
- Page 77 and 78: Performance of CALPUFF Configuratio
- Page 79 and 80: Table 4-16 Performance Statistics f
- Page 81 and 82: Table 4-16 (continued) Performance
- Page 83 and 84: Figure 4-12. Graphical depiction of
- Page 85 and 86: into CALPUFF, and the simulations a
- Page 87 and 88: Table 4-18 Oresund Results with Min
- Page 89 and 90: Table 4-20 Oresund Results with Min
- Page 91 and 92: Table 4-21 Performance Statistics f
- Page 93 and 94: 4.4 Recommendations A minimum σ v
- Page 95 and 96: SEA.DAT and OZONE.DAT files are pro
- Page 97 and 98: 36 34 32 30 Latitude 28 26 24 22 -1
- Page 99 and 100: WMO Number WBAN Number Station Iden
- Page 101 and 102: WMO Number WBAN Number Station Iden
. .<br />
Strait of Oresund<br />
6230<br />
6220<br />
UTM North (km) Zone 33N, D<strong>at</strong>um: EUR-M<br />
6210<br />
6200<br />
6190<br />
6180<br />
6170<br />
6160<br />
6150<br />
6140<br />
Denmark<br />
Gladsaxe<br />
Barseback<br />
Sweden<br />
100<br />
95 Snow/Ice<br />
90<br />
85 Tundra<br />
80<br />
75 Barren<br />
70<br />
65 Wetland<br />
60<br />
55 W<strong>at</strong>er<br />
50<br />
45 Forest<br />
40<br />
35 Range<br />
30<br />
25 Agriculture<br />
20<br />
15 Urban/Built-Up<br />
10<br />
Land Use<br />
Terrain Contour 25m<br />
.<br />
6130<br />
300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400<br />
UTM East (km) Zone 33N, D<strong>at</strong>um: EUR-M<br />
Sampler Loc<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
Tracer Releases<br />
.<br />
Figure 4-5. Geophysical properties of the site of the 1984 Oresund tracer experiments, as gridded for use<br />
in the CALMET/CALPUFF simul<strong>at</strong>ions. <strong>The</strong> grid cell size is 1.0 km. Tracer concentr<strong>at</strong>ions were<br />
measured <strong>at</strong> a subset of the indic<strong>at</strong>ed sampler loc<strong>at</strong>ions during each of the nine tests, depending on the<br />
transport. Six tracer releases were made from the Barseback tower, and three were made from the<br />
Gladsaxe tower.<br />
Final Report Vol.1 51
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