Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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σ = .02 u ( z > z ) (3-44) ws 0 zi i The total turbulence velocity is obtained from the sum of these components: w 2 wb 2 ws σ = σ + σ (3-45) Minimum Turbulence Velocities CALPUFF accepts minimum lateral turbulence velocities σ v as a function of stability class (6 values). A minimum value establishes a floor, so that any computed lateral turbulence less than the minimum is replaced. The default value for each stability class had been set to 0.5m/s. An additional set of minimum values for overwater cells has been added, so now there are 12 values, two for each stability class. The original set of six is now used for overland cells, and the default of 0.5m/s is retained. The AERMOD minimum lateral variance, 0.25 m 2 /s 2 , is equivalent. The new set of six used for overwater cells is set to a default of 0.37 m/s, a value originally used in the OCD model for overwater dispersion, and one that performed well in the model evaluations with the offshore tracer data sets. Similarly, a set of overland and overwater minimum vertical turbulence velocities σ w are also accepted, two for each stability class (12 values). The default values for overwater cells are equal to those for overland cells. ---------- LAND ---------- --------- WATER ---------- Stability Class : A B C D E F A B C D E F --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Default SVMIN : .50, .50, .50, .50, .50, .50, .37, .37, .37, .37, .37, .37 Default SWMIN : .20, .12, .08, .06, .03, .016, .20, .12, .08, .06, .03, .016 Lateral Puff Timescale Diagnostic Option For steady homogeneous dispersion, Taylor’s (1921) original expression for lateral plume spread σ y as a function of time is: ( t −τ + τ exp( − τ )) σ 2 = 2σ 2 τ t / (3-46) y v where τ is the Lagrangian timescale and σ v is the lateral turbulence intensity. This is typically approximated as: ( 1 / τ ) σ y = σ vt / + t 2 (3-47) which has the same limits as Equation 3-46 for small and large t/τ. Lateral growth in CALPUFF uses Draxler’s (1976) expression, which is equal to Equation 3-47 when τ=617.3s. Final Report Vol.1 18
Two methods of supplying the timescale τ were implemented for testing: • direct numeric input as a constant, and • selection of a timescale that is proportional to a characteristic length scale in the boundary layer divided by the lateral turbulence velocity. For the second option, a timescale estimate based on that in SCIPUFF (EPRI, 2000) is used: Λ H τ = (3-48) 0.75q where q is the turbulence velocity scale and Λ H is approximately 0.3z i within much of the surface layer, and may be of order 1000m or larger outside the surface layer. In the CALPUFF implementation, testing will be limited to near-surface tracer releases so the mesoscale limit for Λ H is not included. SCIPUFF explicitly considers the effects of shear-driven eddies and buoyancy-driven eddies separately. Their length scales in the boundary layer (z
Page 1 and 2: Development of the Next Generation
Page 3 and 4: 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this
Page 5 and 6: • Prognostic Meteorological Model
Page 7 and 8: o 1: Maul (1980)-Carson (1973) o 2:
Page 9 and 10: into 50 tiles (90 RUC grid-points/t
Page 11 and 12: y H ( 1− 34.15z / L) 1/ 3 = (3-9)
Page 13 and 14: During execution, the bulk algorith
Page 15 and 16: Anemometer Height Adjustment for La
Page 17 and 18: T (ºK) g (m/s 2 ) temperature grav
Page 19: adjusted to account for the effect
Page 23 and 24: cell is the cell that determines th
Page 25 and 26: June 4 (1130-1230 CET) L. Turbulenc
Page 27 and 28: 4. MODEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 4.1
Page 29 and 30: The CALMET preprocessors TERREL, CT
Page 31 and 32: All sampler locations are used as r
Page 33 and 34: Table 4-2b Over-water Meteorologica
Page 35 and 36: Meteorological data used in the OCD
Page 37 and 38: . . CARPINTERIA, CA 3814 . UTM Nort
Page 39 and 40: Year Month Day Table 4-4 Over-water
Page 41 and 42: Datum: NAS-C (North American 1927)
Page 43 and 44: Table 4-5 Source Characterization f
Page 45 and 46: Table 4-6a Over-water Meteorologica
Page 47 and 48: Geophysical Processing Gridded land
Page 49 and 50: Table 4-7 Source Characterization f
Page 51 and 52: tape format called GF-3. These data
Page 53 and 54: . . Strait of Oresund 6230 6220 UTM
Page 55 and 56: . . Strait of Oresund 6230 6220 UTM
Page 57 and 58: Table 4-10 SEA.DAT Meteorological D
Page 59 and 60: the numbers refer to ICOARE values,
Page 61 and 62: that are simulated during the one-h
Page 63 and 64: 4.3 Evaluation Results Cameron, Car
Page 65 and 66: improve model performance relative
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-7. Graphical depiction of
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4-8. Graphical depiction of
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Figure 4-9. Graphical depiction of
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Table 4-15 Performance Statistics f
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Performance of CALPUFF Configuratio
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Table 4-16 (continued) Performance
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into CALPUFF, and the simulations a
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Table 4-18 Oresund Results with Min
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Table 4-20 Oresund Results with Min
Page 91 and 92:
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4.4 Recommendations A minimum σ v
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SEA.DAT and OZONE.DAT files are pro
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36 34 32 30 Latitude 28 26 24 22 -1
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WMO Number WBAN Number Station Iden
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36 72363 72340 34 72249 72248 72235
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36 34 32 41008 30 42035 42007 42040
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36 34 32 30 Latitude 28 26 24 22 -1
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COOP State Station Name Table 5-4.
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COOP State Station Name Table 5-4.
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Table 5-4. (Concluded) Hourly NWS P
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Table 5-5. Ozone Stations Station I
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Table 5-5. (Continued) Ozone Statio
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Table 5-5. (Continued) Ozone Statio
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36 317 339 361 383 405 427 449 471
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- Figure 5-8. “Inputs/Outputs & R
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6. REFERENCES Batchvarova, E. and S
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Maat, N., C. Kraan, and W.A. Oost,
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APPENDIX: COMPILATION OF A HIGH RES
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Volume 1 - The Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC

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