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We should recall that most of the world’s languages are represented in an essentially symbolic way with a few pages dedicated to them, and only a minority of languages are genuinely present. Given that Facebook, Google and Wikipedia are strong trends on the Internet, it is by no means trivial to note that the famous social network has menus in less than 1% of the world’s languages, that the almost global search engine only provides at present language recognition for about 50 languages, and that only 5% of languages are represented in the famous encyclopaedia, which nevertheless seems to be the virtual location that is the most open to languages. In fact, there is at present no system of language recognition for any language of American or Oceanian origin on Google 10 . We said it in 2008, but it is worth repeating, that the phenomenon of the disappearance of languages, caused by several factors in the near past (colonization, genocide, epidemics, war, displacement of populations, prohibition on the use of the language, etc.), has grown as globalization has gathered pace, with its technological, political, and socio-economic consequences, in particular migration and urbanization. As a general rule, languages that used to play an important role in the past have experienced a significant decline in sectors linked to knowledge, to the benefit of English. All languages of European origin, apart from some minority or sidelined languages that have been able to make a come-back in recent years, have been affected: German, French, Spanish, Russian, Italian, Portuguese, and so on. What is the Situation of Romance Languages Among these European languages, the Neo-Latin languages are also affected. Despite the fact that the main Romance languages played a major role for nearly 1,000 years, in particular French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian (without forgetting the historic, and literary and lexical mark made by Occitan, Catalan, Norman, Venetian and many other Romance languages), they are today diminished, and the action of languages as vectors of knowledge and international negotiation is reduced. Of course, we understand that concerns about the ground lost by the Romance languages might seem misplaced when 99% of the world’s languages have an uncertain future. However, the Romance languages are losing ground in international organizations, scientific and technical expression, international governance, higher education and international negotiations. They are 10 It should be noted that we refer to “recognition” when the engine can search in a language and find results. Google might offer interfaces in a given language –in 120 to date — but that does not mean that the engine recognizes the language. 73
certainly gaining in terms of demography and education as second languages (particular Spanish, Portuguese and French), but their use is above all related to tourism, culture, migration and owing to new populations becoming literate, and less and less to the sectors reserved for knowledge and negotiation. Fig.6 – Evolution of the language of publication of science books in the Science Citation Index 11 Fig.7 – Original language of European Commission documents (source: European Commission, Translation Directorate, 2009) 11 Bordon María, Gómez Isabel, “Towards a single language in science A Spanish view” in Serials, vol. 17, No.2, July 2004, pp. 189-195. 74
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Commission of the Russian Federatio
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Contents Preface...................
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Elmir YAKUBOV. Developing Digital C
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PREFACE The 2 nd International Conf
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MESSAGES Message from Irina Bokova,
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Message from Grigory Ordzhonikidze,
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Message from Alexander Avdeyev, Min
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Message from Andrei Fursenko, Minis
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Message from Abulfas Karayev, Minis
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PLENARY MEETINGS Adama SAMASSÉKOU,
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supporting multilingualism, particu
Page 24 and 25: to the idea of respect for linguist
Page 26 and 27: Evgenia MIKHAILOVA Rector, North-Ea
Page 28 and 29: anked third (after Moscow and St. P
Page 30 and 31: • the Institute of Languages and
Page 32 and 33: The NEFU Development Programme incl
Page 34 and 35: marginalisation, and to enhance the
Page 36 and 37: Second, institutes are needed to a)
Page 38 and 39: • targeting federal funding and s
Page 40 and 41: • providing telecommunication net
Page 42 and 43: Education Primary, secondary and hi
Page 44 and 45: • digitising documents and museum
Page 46 and 47: The ICT Industry Issues of linguist
Page 48 and 49: A Hidden Component: The Universal D
Page 50 and 51: If anyone in a community speaks the
Page 52 and 53: Here we propose a two-dimensional c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. Language composition of th
Page 56 and 57: Also we need a deeper analysis of t
Page 58 and 59: at measuring the linguistic diversi
Page 60 and 61: Multilingual Moments of Truth: Mome
Page 62 and 63: things in place it is possible to d
Page 64 and 65: Copyright and Public Domain Where d
Page 66 and 67: Thus it is important that we create
Page 68 and 69: Organizing Information About the Wo
Page 70 and 71: virtual library of language resourc
Page 72 and 73: We have also developed software tha
Page 76 and 77: Fig.8 - Language of publication of
Page 78 and 79: In 2008, we compared the first 30 l
Page 80 and 81: translators and to human translator
Page 82 and 83: The African Linguistic Mosaic The l
Page 84 and 85: Factors Militating Against the Pres
Page 86 and 87: Taking into account the work on the
Page 88 and 89: priorities in the Language Plan of
Page 90 and 91: Gilvan Müller de OLIVEIRA Director
Page 92 and 93: In this particular aspect the Portu
Page 94 and 95: • Bilingual education programmes
Page 96 and 97: Javier LÓPEZ SÁNCHEZ Director Gen
Page 98 and 99: linkages and coordination of effort
Page 100 and 101: The following proposals for action
Page 102 and 103: existence (Deshpande 1979). When Bu
Page 104 and 105: All the above academic, language an
Page 106 and 107: centres for Indian Language Technol
Page 108 and 109: Natalia GENDINA Director, Research
Page 110 and 111: Activities of social institutions,
Page 112 and 113: • publication in 2008 under the a
Page 114 and 115: • interactivity - active interact
Page 116 and 117: 5. Всеобщая деклара
Page 118 and 119: The proportion of native speakers r
Page 120 and 121: • destruction of the genetic fund
Page 122 and 123: humanitarian practices for the pres
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SECTION 1. INSTRUMENTS FOR LANGUAGE
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social status In a multilingual sit
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Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH Principle
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Figure 1. Community Co-Creation Cul
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Yunseok RHEE Professor, Hankuk Univ
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3. Approaches for Web-Based Languag
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integration mentioned prior). For a
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capacity to read and write. Worse s
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To accommodate orature in cyberspac
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Nicholas THIEBERGER Senior Research
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others,but be used as a foundation
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4. Delivery of Archival Material, P
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6. Current Status of the PARADISEC
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an occasional mass backup of signif
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Dietrich SCHÜLLER Consultant, Vien
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carriers into safe digital reposito
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National: Other successful, althoug
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6. Schüller, Dietrich. Audiovisual
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eing produced and exposed all aroun
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news, among others. The very nature
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Attempt to Validate the Hypothesis
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Elmir YAKUBOV Director, Khasavyurt
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uilding up a cult of ethnic excepti
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Figure 1. Representation of additio
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PT Sans is a grotesque font of mode
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Google Web Fonts API Stats monitors
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the low spread (at the time) of the
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Dzhavdet Suleymanov Professor, Kaza
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about this package. Due to our expe
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• Annotated texts, dictionaries,
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we identify structures, circuits, a
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Yakut Epic in Cyberspace: Olonkho I
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Its Information Gathering & Process
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Olonkho: Television allows to broad
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Here are some of the Olonkho-relate
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texts totalling some two million wo
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Anatoly ZHOZHIKOV Director, New Inf
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facilitate both the preservation of
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SECTION 2. INSTITUTES TO PROMOTE LI
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“Vision 2013 By 2013… • UArct
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together university and college Pre
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• UArctic Studies Catalogue • G
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“2. Teaching of language and cult
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Sergei BAKEYKIN Executive Director,
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the fact that in 2010, Evgeny Kuzmi
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The Conference final document -“T
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and how to promote social/digital i
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From this perspective I could under
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one local language and to register
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• Permit to many repertoires to i
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• Funding institutions with diffi
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Zhanna SHAIMUKHANBETOVA Director Ge
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• quantitative (the proportion of
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humanity and giving support to expr
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Irina DOBRYNINA Director, National
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language being endangered. Only 41%
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their promotion online. The “E-bo
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Institutions of primary, secondary
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Of course, we could not cover every
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These numbers, however, could be co
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2. the Repertory Catalogue of books
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• the Repertory Catalogue of book
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Indigenous worldviews, mythologies
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In 2010, a first project - organize
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Katsuko T. NAKAHIRA Assistant Profe
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We did the research of exchange stu
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Figure 3. PBL environment system ar
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Figure 4. The relation of elapsed t
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Discussion and Summary Through thes
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Anatoly ZHOZHIKOV Director, New Inf
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To make it happen, a number of wide
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Liudmila ZAIKOVA Director, Centre t
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Interregional Library Cooperation C
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Sargylana IGNATYEVA Rector, Arctic
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education, systematizing research i
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From a genetic point of view Romani
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the extension of the centre’s nam
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• The web presentation of the Cou
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Romani-dominated chats elements of
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3. Conclusion This limited but to s
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The political and economic laws tha
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Affairs, the National Academy of Sc
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national minorities the right of eq
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Preschool education marks the most
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to service a limited number of area
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Another example of mutually benefic
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• Chukchi Peninsula Eskimo societ
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161). Sea hunting off Uelen is cons
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The widows of the Gemavye brothers,
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Importantly, these statistics do no
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Expanding the Outreach of Yukaghir
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(Russian Federation), the developme
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“cultural diversity as a source o
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i. to continue searching for fair a
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