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Organizing Information About the World’s Languages In order to facilitate the use of all languages in cyberspace equally, members of the language communities themselves and other interested parties need to be able to collect, organize and share information in and about all languages accurately and consistently. Multiple organizations, including the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Unicode Consortium and others, develop and support standards that facilitate this work. SIL International supports these efforts to enhance data sharing based on these standards. The following paragraphs will provide information on some recent developments. Introducing ScriptSource In June 2011, SIL International released a powerful web-based resource called ScriptSource. ScriptSource is a dynamic, collaborative reference to the writing systems of the world, with detailed information on scripts, characters and languages. A writing system for an individual language is composed of several elements including the script and individual characters. A language may be supported by several writing systems based on historic, political, educational or other reasons. Scripts, characters and language names are all currently codified by international standards, however the complex relationships between these elements are often not well understood or well documented. ScriptSource seeks to bring together authoritative information from standards and other recognized resources with contributions from the global community to document the writing systems of the world. We hope this resource will help bring visibility to the richness of languages and writing systems, as well as to help researchers, designers, linguists and software developers with the complex task of supporting the world’s languages in different information and communication technologies. While almost 7000 living languages are spoken in the world today, only around 130 scripts are used to write them—if they have a written form. An individual script, such as Latin, Arabic or Cyrillic, is thus used to write many different languages. The set of characters used to write a specific language within a script is based on the linguistic characteristics of the language. These, and other elements, go into defining a writing system for a language. For minority languages that use a majority language script, documenting the elements of the writing system makes it possible to develop computing solutions that support the language. As an example, while the use of Cyrillic 67
script for major languages is well documented, its use for some minority languages is not consistently documented or well understood, and that use continues to evolve and change. SIL is investigating the possibility of an extended Cyrillic documentation project that would bring together information from a wide variety of sources to catalog and describe the use of Cyrillic script by all languages that use it. We believe that ScriptSource can be a resource to facilitate that global discussion, and would like to see all interested parties included in the process. Please contact us if you feel this would be a useful project or if you would like to be involved. Comprehensive font development work is already underway. We acknowledge and appreciate the work of the font foundry, ParaType, in developing and releasing the PTSans and PTSerif fonts. These free/libre fonts are designed to support minority-language use of Cyrillic and Latin scripts in the Russian Federation. This development represents a strong partnership between government, non-government and commercial organizations to benefit the minority language communities. The fonts are licensed for the widest possible sharing and use. SIL also supports a wide range of extended Cyrillic characters with the Gentium, Charis, Doulos, and now Andika free/libre fonts. We intend to improve and broaden that support as more information becomes available. Beyond font development is a need to document which specific characters are used in a given language and to develop the standard locale information and other components for a complete writing system reference. Commercial and open source software developers use this information to support a specific language in computing applications. We hope to simplify the complex process of documenting the information needed for an individual language to be used in cyberspace and telecommunications. Once the information is clearly organized, we hope the process for submitting it to the appropriate standardssetting bodies will be clearer and more accessible. To investigate and contribute to ScriptSource, please visit the website at http://scriptsource.org/. For further information on the ParaType fonts, please see their website at http://www.paratype.com/public/. SIL’s fonts are available from http://scripts.sil.org. Finally, to learn more about the Cyrillic documentation project concept, please contact Victor Gaultney of SIL at . Update on the Open Language Archives Community The Open Language Archives Community, or OLAC, is an “international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide 68
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Commission of the Russian Federatio
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Contents Preface...................
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Elmir YAKUBOV. Developing Digital C
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PREFACE The 2 nd International Conf
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MESSAGES Message from Irina Bokova,
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Message from Grigory Ordzhonikidze,
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Message from Alexander Avdeyev, Min
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Message from Andrei Fursenko, Minis
Page 18 and 19: Message from Abulfas Karayev, Minis
Page 20 and 21: PLENARY MEETINGS Adama SAMASSÉKOU,
Page 22 and 23: supporting multilingualism, particu
Page 24 and 25: to the idea of respect for linguist
Page 26 and 27: Evgenia MIKHAILOVA Rector, North-Ea
Page 28 and 29: anked third (after Moscow and St. P
Page 30 and 31: • the Institute of Languages and
Page 32 and 33: The NEFU Development Programme incl
Page 34 and 35: marginalisation, and to enhance the
Page 36 and 37: Second, institutes are needed to a)
Page 38 and 39: • targeting federal funding and s
Page 40 and 41: • providing telecommunication net
Page 42 and 43: Education Primary, secondary and hi
Page 44 and 45: • digitising documents and museum
Page 46 and 47: The ICT Industry Issues of linguist
Page 48 and 49: A Hidden Component: The Universal D
Page 50 and 51: If anyone in a community speaks the
Page 52 and 53: Here we propose a two-dimensional c
Page 54 and 55: Table 3. Language composition of th
Page 56 and 57: Also we need a deeper analysis of t
Page 58 and 59: at measuring the linguistic diversi
Page 60 and 61: Multilingual Moments of Truth: Mome
Page 62 and 63: things in place it is possible to d
Page 64 and 65: Copyright and Public Domain Where d
Page 66 and 67: Thus it is important that we create
Page 70 and 71: virtual library of language resourc
Page 72 and 73: We have also developed software tha
Page 74 and 75: We should recall that most of the w
Page 76 and 77: Fig.8 - Language of publication of
Page 78 and 79: In 2008, we compared the first 30 l
Page 80 and 81: translators and to human translator
Page 82 and 83: The African Linguistic Mosaic The l
Page 84 and 85: Factors Militating Against the Pres
Page 86 and 87: Taking into account the work on the
Page 88 and 89: priorities in the Language Plan of
Page 90 and 91: Gilvan Müller de OLIVEIRA Director
Page 92 and 93: In this particular aspect the Portu
Page 94 and 95: • Bilingual education programmes
Page 96 and 97: Javier LÓPEZ SÁNCHEZ Director Gen
Page 98 and 99: linkages and coordination of effort
Page 100 and 101: The following proposals for action
Page 102 and 103: existence (Deshpande 1979). When Bu
Page 104 and 105: All the above academic, language an
Page 106 and 107: centres for Indian Language Technol
Page 108 and 109: Natalia GENDINA Director, Research
Page 110 and 111: Activities of social institutions,
Page 112 and 113: • publication in 2008 under the a
Page 114 and 115: • interactivity - active interact
Page 116 and 117: 5. Всеобщая деклара
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The proportion of native speakers r
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• destruction of the genetic fund
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humanitarian practices for the pres
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SECTION 1. INSTRUMENTS FOR LANGUAGE
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social status In a multilingual sit
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Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH Principle
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Figure 1. Community Co-Creation Cul
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Yunseok RHEE Professor, Hankuk Univ
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3. Approaches for Web-Based Languag
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integration mentioned prior). For a
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capacity to read and write. Worse s
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To accommodate orature in cyberspac
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Nicholas THIEBERGER Senior Research
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others,but be used as a foundation
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4. Delivery of Archival Material, P
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6. Current Status of the PARADISEC
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an occasional mass backup of signif
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Dietrich SCHÜLLER Consultant, Vien
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carriers into safe digital reposito
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National: Other successful, althoug
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6. Schüller, Dietrich. Audiovisual
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eing produced and exposed all aroun
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news, among others. The very nature
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Attempt to Validate the Hypothesis
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Elmir YAKUBOV Director, Khasavyurt
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uilding up a cult of ethnic excepti
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Figure 1. Representation of additio
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PT Sans is a grotesque font of mode
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Google Web Fonts API Stats monitors
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the low spread (at the time) of the
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Dzhavdet Suleymanov Professor, Kaza
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about this package. Due to our expe
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• Annotated texts, dictionaries,
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we identify structures, circuits, a
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Yakut Epic in Cyberspace: Olonkho I
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Its Information Gathering & Process
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Olonkho: Television allows to broad
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Here are some of the Olonkho-relate
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texts totalling some two million wo
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Anatoly ZHOZHIKOV Director, New Inf
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facilitate both the preservation of
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SECTION 2. INSTITUTES TO PROMOTE LI
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“Vision 2013 By 2013… • UArct
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together university and college Pre
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• UArctic Studies Catalogue • G
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“2. Teaching of language and cult
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Sergei BAKEYKIN Executive Director,
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the fact that in 2010, Evgeny Kuzmi
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The Conference final document -“T
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and how to promote social/digital i
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From this perspective I could under
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one local language and to register
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• Permit to many repertoires to i
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• Funding institutions with diffi
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Zhanna SHAIMUKHANBETOVA Director Ge
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• quantitative (the proportion of
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humanity and giving support to expr
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Irina DOBRYNINA Director, National
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language being endangered. Only 41%
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their promotion online. The “E-bo
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Institutions of primary, secondary
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Of course, we could not cover every
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These numbers, however, could be co
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2. the Repertory Catalogue of books
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• the Repertory Catalogue of book
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Indigenous worldviews, mythologies
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In 2010, a first project - organize
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Katsuko T. NAKAHIRA Assistant Profe
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We did the research of exchange stu
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Figure 3. PBL environment system ar
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Figure 4. The relation of elapsed t
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Discussion and Summary Through thes
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Anatoly ZHOZHIKOV Director, New Inf
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To make it happen, a number of wide
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Liudmila ZAIKOVA Director, Centre t
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Interregional Library Cooperation C
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Sargylana IGNATYEVA Rector, Arctic
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education, systematizing research i
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From a genetic point of view Romani
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the extension of the centre’s nam
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• The web presentation of the Cou
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Romani-dominated chats elements of
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3. Conclusion This limited but to s
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The political and economic laws tha
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Affairs, the National Academy of Sc
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national minorities the right of eq
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Preschool education marks the most
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to service a limited number of area
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Another example of mutually benefic
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• Chukchi Peninsula Eskimo societ
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161). Sea hunting off Uelen is cons
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The widows of the Gemavye brothers,
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Importantly, these statistics do no
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Expanding the Outreach of Yukaghir
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(Russian Federation), the developme
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“cultural diversity as a source o
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i. to continue searching for fair a
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