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the extension of the centre’s name Romano Kher, ‘Romani house’, and some words in the headlines of events such as khetanes, ‘together’, in Seminarul “Khetanes”, the title of a seminar organised by the centre, are in Romani. All other texts are in Romanian. 87 Websites of Roma NGOs that are geared towards multilingualism often intend to offer versions of their web pages in Romani. But in many cases this is only hypothetical. If at all, only a few pages are in Romani. Some examples include: • Besides the name Romanothan, ‘Romani Place/World’, the website of the Romanian NGO Romanothan is almost exclusively monolingual Romanian in its written form. However, it offers a video language course to get an impression of Romani which is bilingually announced in written form and uses oral Romani alongside Romanian. • The website of the Barcelona/Spain-based Unión Romaní has a button symbolising the Romani flag for the Romani language version which in actual fact is only a repetition of the Spanish version with some Romani words in the navigation menu. • Rom News Network from Hamburg/ Germany claims to offer information in English, French, German, Romani, and Spanish. Yet only one version in a mixture of German and English is available. • The organisation Dženo, ‘People’, produced pages in Czech, English and Romani until mid-2010. However, the full range of information was only available in Czech. Some information in English was offered until 2009, the last Romani entry dates to 2007 which coincides with the end of the funding period for translations into Romani. • The Vienna/Austria-based NGO Romano Centro offers the option to switch between German, English, and Romani. Whereas many pages are available in English, there is only one page in Romani: notably the presentation of the organisation with the menu headings: Über uns – About us – Pa amende. 88 • Romani CRISS – Centrul Romilor pentru Intervenţie Socială şi Studii/ Roma Center for Social Intervention and Studies , a Romania-based NGO, only offers English translations of much of the information given on the website. Romani CRISS alludes to the homophonous Romani kris ‘Romani 87 Accessed 2012-02-25. 88 Another symptom of the low status of Romani in the web presentation of this organisation is the fact that the heading of the Romani text still remains German: Das sind wir.../That’s us … 275
court of justice’, a strategy in line with using Romani exclusively for headings, titles and names. • The use of Romani only in the name of the organisation also applies for the web presentation of the Kumanovo/Macedonia-based NGO Daja, ‘Mothers’, . Apart from the official denomination, the entire website is in Macedonian with some texts translated into English. Such bilingual websites using English in addition to the respective dominant language of the country where the NGO is active demonstrate not only the importance of English as an international language but also the functional restrictions of Romani as a dominated language outlined in chapter 1. The written style in public political domains of a state is fully covered by the dominant state language. Thus the scope of all other languages spoken on the territory of the respective country is limited to some other formal written domains, for instance education, and mainly to oral informal domains of everyday life and the private sphere. To spread information beyond the national level and to produce an effect on the international level, the use of an international language is indispensible. Therefore, English in its function as the global lingua franca is used alongside the national language. The use of Romani in web presentations of Romani NGOs is more or less mere symbolism. It is used for identity flagging, for indicating cultural independence, for maintaining ethnocultural status, etc., but almost never for communicative purposes. 2.1.2. International Websites Supranational organisations and Roma NGOs acting primarily on the international level as a rule use English in its globally dominant function as the primary language for their web presence. Examples of such web pages are listed below: 89 • The web presentation of the European Roma Information Office ‒ ERIO is exclusively in English. This international Brussels/Belgium-based NGO, which is almost exclusively run by Roma, aims to be the sole legitimate representation of Roma to the European Commission and the European Parliament. • The European Roma and Travellers Forum – ERTF based in Strasbourg/France is an international umbrella organisation of Roma associated to the Council of Europe. On its website only the name is trilingual: European Roma and Travellers Forum ‒ Europako Forumo e Romenge thaj e Phirutnenge – Forum Européen des Roms et des Gens du Voyage. The French denomination is in line with the tradition of language use in the European supranational context. 89 Accessed 2012-02-25. 276
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Commission of the Russian Federatio
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Contents Preface...................
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Elmir YAKUBOV. Developing Digital C
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PREFACE The 2 nd International Conf
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MESSAGES Message from Irina Bokova,
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Message from Grigory Ordzhonikidze,
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Message from Alexander Avdeyev, Min
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Message from Andrei Fursenko, Minis
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Message from Abulfas Karayev, Minis
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PLENARY MEETINGS Adama SAMASSÉKOU,
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supporting multilingualism, particu
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to the idea of respect for linguist
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Evgenia MIKHAILOVA Rector, North-Ea
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anked third (after Moscow and St. P
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• the Institute of Languages and
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The NEFU Development Programme incl
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marginalisation, and to enhance the
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Second, institutes are needed to a)
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• targeting federal funding and s
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• providing telecommunication net
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Education Primary, secondary and hi
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• digitising documents and museum
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The ICT Industry Issues of linguist
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A Hidden Component: The Universal D
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If anyone in a community speaks the
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Here we propose a two-dimensional c
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Table 3. Language composition of th
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Also we need a deeper analysis of t
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at measuring the linguistic diversi
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Multilingual Moments of Truth: Mome
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things in place it is possible to d
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Copyright and Public Domain Where d
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Thus it is important that we create
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Organizing Information About the Wo
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virtual library of language resourc
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We have also developed software tha
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We should recall that most of the w
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Fig.8 - Language of publication of
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In 2008, we compared the first 30 l
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translators and to human translator
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The African Linguistic Mosaic The l
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Factors Militating Against the Pres
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Taking into account the work on the
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priorities in the Language Plan of
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Gilvan Müller de OLIVEIRA Director
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In this particular aspect the Portu
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• Bilingual education programmes
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Javier LÓPEZ SÁNCHEZ Director Gen
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linkages and coordination of effort
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The following proposals for action
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existence (Deshpande 1979). When Bu
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All the above academic, language an
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centres for Indian Language Technol
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Natalia GENDINA Director, Research
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Activities of social institutions,
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• publication in 2008 under the a
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• interactivity - active interact
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5. Всеобщая деклара
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The proportion of native speakers r
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• destruction of the genetic fund
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humanitarian practices for the pres
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SECTION 1. INSTRUMENTS FOR LANGUAGE
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social status In a multilingual sit
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Virach SORNLERTLAMVANICH Principle
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Figure 1. Community Co-Creation Cul
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Yunseok RHEE Professor, Hankuk Univ
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3. Approaches for Web-Based Languag
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integration mentioned prior). For a
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capacity to read and write. Worse s
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To accommodate orature in cyberspac
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Nicholas THIEBERGER Senior Research
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others,but be used as a foundation
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4. Delivery of Archival Material, P
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6. Current Status of the PARADISEC
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an occasional mass backup of signif
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Dietrich SCHÜLLER Consultant, Vien
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carriers into safe digital reposito
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National: Other successful, althoug
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6. Schüller, Dietrich. Audiovisual
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eing produced and exposed all aroun
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news, among others. The very nature
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Attempt to Validate the Hypothesis
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Elmir YAKUBOV Director, Khasavyurt
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uilding up a cult of ethnic excepti
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Figure 1. Representation of additio
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PT Sans is a grotesque font of mode
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Google Web Fonts API Stats monitors
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the low spread (at the time) of the
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Dzhavdet Suleymanov Professor, Kaza
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about this package. Due to our expe
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• Annotated texts, dictionaries,
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we identify structures, circuits, a
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Yakut Epic in Cyberspace: Olonkho I
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Its Information Gathering & Process
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Olonkho: Television allows to broad
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Here are some of the Olonkho-relate
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texts totalling some two million wo
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Anatoly ZHOZHIKOV Director, New Inf
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facilitate both the preservation of
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SECTION 2. INSTITUTES TO PROMOTE LI
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“Vision 2013 By 2013… • UArct
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together university and college Pre
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• UArctic Studies Catalogue • G
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“2. Teaching of language and cult
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Sergei BAKEYKIN Executive Director,
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the fact that in 2010, Evgeny Kuzmi
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The Conference final document -“T
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and how to promote social/digital i
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From this perspective I could under
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one local language and to register
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• Permit to many repertoires to i
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• Funding institutions with diffi
Page 226 and 227: Zhanna SHAIMUKHANBETOVA Director Ge
Page 228 and 229: • quantitative (the proportion of
Page 230 and 231: humanity and giving support to expr
Page 232 and 233: Irina DOBRYNINA Director, National
Page 234 and 235: language being endangered. Only 41%
Page 236 and 237: their promotion online. The “E-bo
Page 238 and 239: Institutions of primary, secondary
Page 240 and 241: Of course, we could not cover every
Page 242 and 243: These numbers, however, could be co
Page 244 and 245: 2. the Repertory Catalogue of books
Page 246 and 247: • the Repertory Catalogue of book
Page 248 and 249: Indigenous worldviews, mythologies
Page 250 and 251: In 2010, a first project - organize
Page 252 and 253: Katsuko T. NAKAHIRA Assistant Profe
Page 254 and 255: We did the research of exchange stu
Page 256 and 257: Figure 3. PBL environment system ar
Page 258 and 259: Figure 4. The relation of elapsed t
Page 260 and 261: Discussion and Summary Through thes
Page 262 and 263: Anatoly ZHOZHIKOV Director, New Inf
Page 264 and 265: To make it happen, a number of wide
Page 266 and 267: Liudmila ZAIKOVA Director, Centre t
Page 268 and 269: Interregional Library Cooperation C
Page 270 and 271: Sargylana IGNATYEVA Rector, Arctic
Page 272 and 273: education, systematizing research i
Page 274 and 275: From a genetic point of view Romani
Page 278 and 279: • The web presentation of the Cou
Page 280 and 281: Romani-dominated chats elements of
Page 282 and 283: 3. Conclusion This limited but to s
Page 284 and 285: The political and economic laws tha
Page 286 and 287: Affairs, the National Academy of Sc
Page 288 and 289: national minorities the right of eq
Page 290 and 291: Preschool education marks the most
Page 292 and 293: to service a limited number of area
Page 294 and 295: Another example of mutually benefic
Page 296 and 297: • Chukchi Peninsula Eskimo societ
Page 298 and 299: 161). Sea hunting off Uelen is cons
Page 300 and 301: The widows of the Gemavye brothers,
Page 302 and 303: Importantly, these statistics do no
Page 304 and 305: Expanding the Outreach of Yukaghir
Page 306 and 307: (Russian Federation), the developme
Page 308 and 309: “cultural diversity as a source o
Page 310 and 311: i. to continue searching for fair a
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