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international (English)) has been introduced to give equal rights to all languages
in the country. However, English is also used for government notifications and
communications between central (federal) and state (local) governments and
also between local governments. It is often said that there are 1650 dialects
spoken by different communities across the country. The government of India
has recognized 22 languages as constitutionally approved languages. And
there are demands for inclusion of some languages from time to time. The
state governments are free to use their local languages in all domains of life
(i.e. education, official, etc.). In addition to regional language(s) at state level,
there exists good number of tribal languages. State governments are engaged in
promoting and preserving tribal languages and cultures by providing scripts, in
most of the cases, the script of regional languages, and preparing language text
books at primary level. They are also making efforts to prepare dictionaries
from tribal to regional languages. Andhra Pradesh state government could be
named as an example in this regard. A commendable step has been taken by
the Government of India to establish a Central University for tribal languages
in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Some state governments are also seriously
thinking to follow the same suit.
Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) was established in 1969 with the
objective “to assist in and coordinate the development of Indian languages, to
bring about the essential unity of Indian languages through scientific study
and inter-linguistic research and to promote the mutual enrichment of the
languages and thus contribute towards emotional integration of the people
of this country”. Simultaneously regional language centres were also set up
“to take steps for implementing fully in all states the three language formula”
which was expected to protect multilingual character of Indian life. Language
institutes have been established in states for effective implementation of regional
languages. Translation departments are existing in the state administration to
translate central government documents, from Hindi and English to regional
language as well as to translate the state government documents (especially
communication with central government) into Hindi and English.
Apart from departments of regional languages in central and state universities
and other academic institutions, regional language institutions and universities
have come up in many states which concentrate on research, teaching and
publication of materials in respective languages. Central institute of Hindi,
Agra, Maulana Azad National Urdu University (MANU), Hyderabad,
National Council for promotion of Urdu (NCPU) under MHRD, National
Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology, etc. are working under
the Government of India. There are universities, institutions and departments
at both central and state level to carry out research in Sanskrit language and to
investigate in its rich scientific and cultural heritage.
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