Research Updates - Homeopathy - Initiative to Promote Research in ...
Research Updates - Homeopathy - Initiative to Promote Research in ...
Research Updates - Homeopathy - Initiative to Promote Research in ...
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Volume 2, Issue: 6 – 8 (June-Aug 2013) | Page: 44 – 57<br />
ISSN 2278 4500<br />
A research awareness e-Journal by<br />
Chief Edi<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Dr. Saurav Arora<br />
Edi<strong>to</strong>rial Advisory Board<br />
Dr. José Eizayaga (Argent<strong>in</strong>a)<br />
Dr. Silvia Waisse (Brazil)<br />
Dr. Leoni Bonam<strong>in</strong> (Brazil)<br />
Dr. Shivang Swam<strong>in</strong>arayan (India)<br />
IPRH also publishes<br />
Visit www.jcshom.com for more details!<br />
IPRH is an Advertisement Free portal!<br />
IPRH receives no money from government or corporations and entirely depends upon your contribution. You may consider<br />
mak<strong>in</strong>g donations for this <strong>in</strong>itiative. Any donation you make, big or small is a valuable support for this work <strong>to</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>ue. Please<br />
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Read Onl<strong>in</strong>e at www.audesapere.<strong>in</strong>/ejournal 43<br />
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
Table of Contents<br />
Edi<strong>to</strong>rial ................................................................................................................................... 45<br />
Database of Scientific Publications <strong>in</strong> <strong>Homeopathy</strong> ......................................................... 46<br />
Specialised databases of the Karl and Veronica Carstens-Stiftung ............................... 48<br />
<br />
Immunomodula<strong>to</strong>ry drugs (natalizumab), worsen<strong>in</strong>g of multiple sclerosis, rebound<br />
effect and similitude - <strong>Homeopathy</strong> 2013 ......................................................................... 56<br />
Read Onl<strong>in</strong>e at www.audesapere.<strong>in</strong>/ejournal 44
Edi<strong>to</strong>rial<br />
Dear Reader,<br />
The up gradation process for web portal of <strong>Initiative</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Promote</strong> <strong>Research</strong> <strong>in</strong> Homoeopathy<br />
was started few weeks back, and till date majority of the work has been completed. Certa<strong>in</strong><br />
changes were adopted, and the new <strong>in</strong>terface is empowered with features like:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Better look and adaptability: The New Graphic User Interface (GUI)<br />
Easier search<br />
Easy access from mobile, hand held devices and PDAs<br />
Better and quick social network<strong>in</strong>g shar<strong>in</strong>g options<br />
New and upgraded Database of Scientific Publications <strong>in</strong> <strong>Homeopathy</strong> (DSPH)<br />
The second phase of up grad<strong>in</strong>g process will keep on runn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the background, keep<strong>in</strong>g<br />
website and contents fully accessible. In the meantime, you are k<strong>in</strong>dly requested <strong>to</strong> report bugs<br />
and comments at www.audesapere.<strong>in</strong>/contact<br />
The current issue presents an article “Specialised databases of the Karl and Veronica Carstens-<br />
Stiftung” by Dr. Jürgen Clausen, Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Germany. This article will<br />
give you one spot <strong>in</strong>formation regard<strong>in</strong>g various homeopathic databases by Karl and Veronica<br />
Carstens-Stiftung. The article enlist brief about important and robust homeopathic databases<br />
like The CAM-Quest quick search, CAM-Quest Expert Search, The VetCR database, The<br />
HomBRex database and The CORE-Hom database. I hope that readers will now have wide<br />
options <strong>to</strong> search hundreds of homeopathic studies at one place.<br />
This issue also features a short excerpt of recently published paper “Immunomodula<strong>to</strong>ry drugs<br />
(natalizumab), worsen<strong>in</strong>g of multiple sclerosis, rebound effect and similitude” by Dr. Marcus<br />
Zulian Teixeira, where<strong>in</strong> he has discussed regard<strong>in</strong>g role of Natalizumab <strong>in</strong> patients with active<br />
multiple sclerosis (MS), and worsen<strong>in</strong>g of MS as a consequence of the rebound effect and<br />
pr<strong>in</strong>ciple of similitude.<br />
I hope you like the new look and content of www.audesapere.<strong>in</strong> and come forward <strong>to</strong><br />
collaborate and promote scientific research <strong>in</strong> homeopathy.<br />
Saurav Arora<br />
Read Onl<strong>in</strong>e at www.audesapere.<strong>in</strong>/ejournal 45
Database of Scientific Publications <strong>in</strong> <strong>Homeopathy</strong><br />
Major changes has been done <strong>in</strong> DSPH which is a fully dedicated bibliographic <strong>in</strong>dex<strong>in</strong>g service,<br />
consist<strong>in</strong>g of peer reviewed scientific publications. The studies are placed accord<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> the<br />
type. Dur<strong>in</strong>g the first upgrade process 452 studies were <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the database. The majority<br />
of the studies are from journal <strong>Homeopathy</strong> (2002-2013), International Journal of High<br />
Dilution <strong>Research</strong> (2008-2013) and few other journals. The details are as follows:<br />
a. Fundamental <strong>Research</strong>: 162 studies<br />
b. Cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>Research</strong>: 136 studies<br />
c. Drug Prov<strong>in</strong>g: 10 studies<br />
d. Drug Standardization: 10 studies<br />
e. Veter<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>Research</strong>: 29 studies<br />
f. Agro <strong>Homeopathy</strong>: 32 studies<br />
g. Edi<strong>to</strong>rials: 26 studies<br />
h. Primary Health Care: 13 studies<br />
i. Surveys: 34 studies<br />
DSPH: Total Articles <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> Phase I<br />
Primary Health Care, 13 Surveys, 34<br />
Edi<strong>to</strong>rial, 26<br />
Agro <strong>Homeopathy</strong>,<br />
32<br />
Fundamental, 162<br />
Veter<strong>in</strong>ary, 29<br />
Drug Standardization, 10<br />
Drug Prov<strong>in</strong>g, 10<br />
Cl<strong>in</strong>ical, 136<br />
Total Studies: 452<br />
Read Onl<strong>in</strong>e at www.audesapere.<strong>in</strong>/ejournal 46
You may search study keyword or title via Search Box given <strong>in</strong> each section:<br />
You may also sort every column (Year, Name of Journal, Volume, Title, Model, Condition and<br />
L<strong>in</strong>k) <strong>in</strong> ascend<strong>in</strong>g or descend<strong>in</strong>g order:<br />
Dur<strong>in</strong>g the second and subsequent phases, more number of studies from journals will be<br />
<strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the database.<br />
Read Onl<strong>in</strong>e at www.audesapere.<strong>in</strong>/ejournal 47
Specialised databases of the Karl and Veronica Carstens-Stiftung<br />
Dr. Jürgen Clausen, Dr. Henn<strong>in</strong>g Albrecht<br />
Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Am Deimelsberg 36, 45276 Essen, Germany<br />
Cite it as: Jürgen Clausen, Henn<strong>in</strong>g Albrecht. Specialised databases of the Karl and<br />
Veronica Carstens-Stiftung. <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Updates</strong>-<strong>Homeopathy</strong> 2013;2(6-8):48-55. ISSN:<br />
2278 4500<br />
1. Introduction<br />
In evidence-based medic<strong>in</strong>e, a<br />
systematic review of several<br />
randomized and controlled cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />
trials, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g a meta-analysis of the<br />
summarized data, represents the highest<br />
grade of evidence with regard <strong>to</strong> a given<br />
medic<strong>in</strong>al <strong>in</strong>tervention. The compilation<br />
of such a systematic review is preceded<br />
by a rigorous literature search for<br />
appropriate publications. In<br />
conventional medic<strong>in</strong>e, several<br />
specialised databases exist and<br />
systematic reviewers usually resort <strong>to</strong><br />
the free-of-charge meta-database<br />
PubMed<br />
(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) of the<br />
National Library of Medic<strong>in</strong>e of the<br />
United States of America or <strong>to</strong> other<br />
databases with costs (e.g.EMBASE<br />
(http://www.elsevier.com/onl<strong>in</strong>e<strong>to</strong>ols/embase/about),<br />
OVID<br />
(www.OVID.com),<br />
DIMDI<br />
(http://www.dimdi.de/static/de/db/<strong>in</strong><br />
dex.htm). The problem for review<br />
authors <strong>in</strong> the field of complementary<br />
and alternative medic<strong>in</strong>e (CAM) is that<br />
the conventional databases usually only<br />
conta<strong>in</strong> a small fraction of relevant<br />
studies [4, 15]. This is most particularly<br />
due <strong>to</strong> the fact that many of these CAM<br />
studies are published without hav<strong>in</strong>g<br />
passed the so called “peer-review<br />
process” - an approach <strong>to</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><br />
standards of quality and <strong>to</strong> ensure the<br />
credibility of scientific publications.<br />
Publications <strong>in</strong> books, conference<br />
proceed<strong>in</strong>gs or reports are not covered<br />
by conventional databases. Moreover,<br />
several CAM studies are published <strong>in</strong><br />
languages other than English, French or<br />
Spanish, which may be an additional<br />
obstacle for <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>in</strong> conventional<br />
databases.<br />
These problems were identified by the<br />
Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung and<br />
therefore several databases, meet<strong>in</strong>g<br />
different needs, were established by this<br />
foundation over the years. These<br />
databases provide the possibility <strong>to</strong><br />
perform rigorous literature searches <strong>in</strong><br />
the field of CAM with ma<strong>in</strong> focus on<br />
homeopathy.<br />
The Karl and Veronica Carstens-Stifung<br />
is the lead<strong>in</strong>g foundation <strong>in</strong> Europe<br />
promot<strong>in</strong>g naturopathy and<br />
homeopathy. The foundation's objective<br />
is <strong>to</strong> create the scientific bases for<br />
<strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>g naturopathy and<br />
homeopathy <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> academic medic<strong>in</strong>e<br />
and university teach<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
48
In the <strong>to</strong>p menu bar of the Karl and<br />
Veronica Carstens-Stiftung website<br />
(http://www.carstens-stiftung.de/) there<br />
is an option labelled “Service” with a<br />
sub-head<strong>in</strong>g<br />
labeled<br />
“Freie Datenbanken” (“Free databases”),<br />
lead<strong>in</strong>g the visi<strong>to</strong>r directly <strong>to</strong> a brief<br />
description (<strong>in</strong> German) of the currently<br />
available databases, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g CAM-<br />
Quest, HomBRex, VetCR, and CORE-<br />
Hom. These abbreviations are further<br />
expla<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the text below. All these<br />
databases are free of charge. However,<br />
the publication of database contents by<br />
third persons (e.g., data transfer <strong>to</strong> a<br />
different database which charges or<br />
which envisions profit <strong>in</strong> some other<br />
manner) is not permitted without<br />
explicit approval of the Karl und<br />
Veronica Carstens-Stiftung.<br />
2. The CAM-Quest database<br />
In the CAM-Quest database, the user can<br />
easily <strong>in</strong>quire about <strong>in</strong>formation on CAM<br />
therapies for specific diseases. The<br />
database is not limited <strong>to</strong> homeopathy<br />
and naturopathy, but comprises all<br />
therapeutic approaches <strong>in</strong> the field of<br />
CAM, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g e.g. Ayurveda and<br />
Traditional Ch<strong>in</strong>ese Medic<strong>in</strong>e (TCM).<br />
CAM-Quest provides two different ways<br />
<strong>to</strong> retrieve <strong>in</strong>formation: the CAM-Quest<br />
Quick Search and the CAM-Quest Expert<br />
Search.<br />
The CAM-Quest Quick Search is<br />
extremely user-friendly. The search<br />
results are limited <strong>to</strong> 16 therapeutic<br />
areas and 9 therapeutic approaches (<strong>in</strong><br />
summary about 5000 publications);<br />
despite these limits, the most important<br />
therapies and diseases are <strong>in</strong>cluded. The<br />
menu system allows the user <strong>to</strong> select<br />
therapies, general therapeutic areas, and<br />
specific diseases by simply click<strong>in</strong>g on<br />
the correspond<strong>in</strong>g terms. The search<br />
results are displayed as a list with<br />
bibliographical <strong>in</strong>formation about the<br />
respective publications on the selected<br />
subject matter. The search results may<br />
be filtered by type of publication (e.g.<br />
review or cl<strong>in</strong>ical study) or by<br />
publication with/without abstract.<br />
The CAM-Quest Quick Search is available<br />
<strong>in</strong> English, French, German and Dutch.<br />
For those who are <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> further<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation about less common<br />
therapeutic methods or diseases, CAM-<br />
Quest provides an Expert Search. This<br />
allows detailed search requests by key<br />
word, author, full text or journal. The<br />
Expert Search conta<strong>in</strong>s about 16000<br />
data sets and among these about 10000<br />
case reports of veter<strong>in</strong>ary and human<br />
homeopathy.<br />
The Expert Search is available <strong>in</strong> English<br />
and German. Us<strong>in</strong>g the expert search,<br />
however, requires a certa<strong>in</strong> amount of<br />
tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.<br />
The aim of CAM-Quest is <strong>to</strong> show that<br />
there is a large number of publications<br />
on CAM, cover<strong>in</strong>g a variety of therapies<br />
and diseases. Apart from physicians and<br />
other healthcare professionals, CAM-<br />
Quest® can be used for search<strong>in</strong>g for<br />
cl<strong>in</strong>ical research <strong>in</strong> CAM by researchers,<br />
students, librarians, pharmacists,<br />
journalists, lobbyists, stakeholders and<br />
everybody else with an <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> CAM.<br />
It provides a solid base for discussions<br />
with the political sec<strong>to</strong>r or with health<br />
49
<strong>in</strong>surers when arguments and numbers<br />
are needed regard<strong>in</strong>g the question as <strong>to</strong><br />
whether specified research <strong>in</strong> CAM<br />
exists or not. It is also a practical <strong>to</strong>ol for<br />
all patients wish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d out whether<br />
there are any complementary<br />
therapeutic options for their health<br />
problems. Patients can pr<strong>in</strong>t their search<br />
results and discuss them with their<br />
physicians. Furthermore, CAM-Quest is<br />
helpful for physicians when search<strong>in</strong>g<br />
for additional therapeutic treatments.<br />
Access <strong>to</strong> CAM-Quest is free of charge<br />
and no registration is necessary.<br />
3. The VetCR database<br />
The VetCR (Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />
<strong>Research</strong>) database provides detailed<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation on cl<strong>in</strong>ical studies <strong>in</strong><br />
veter<strong>in</strong>ary homeopathy. Besides<br />
bibliographical data, this database<br />
enables the user <strong>to</strong> search for diseases,<br />
study design and species. The search<br />
results conta<strong>in</strong> a description of the exact<br />
dosages of the homeopathic remedies,<br />
and the controls used, plus brief<br />
summaries of the study results. The<br />
majority of studies deal with farm<br />
animals such as cattle or pigs.<br />
Companion animals comprise only a<br />
m<strong>in</strong>or proportion of the literature.<br />
Besides cl<strong>in</strong>ical studies, a small number<br />
of recent case reports on homeopathic<br />
treatment of animals is <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong><br />
VetCR.<br />
The <strong>in</strong>terface is <strong>in</strong> English. The database<br />
comprises about 300 entries. It is free of<br />
charge without registration. The<br />
database is particularly directed at<br />
veter<strong>in</strong>arians plann<strong>in</strong>g a study or<br />
search<strong>in</strong>g for additional therapeutic<br />
options.<br />
4. The HomBRex database<br />
HomBRex is the abbreviation for<br />
"<strong>Homeopathy</strong> Basic <strong>Research</strong><br />
experiments." The database conta<strong>in</strong>s all<br />
experiments performed with<strong>in</strong> the<br />
context of basic research <strong>in</strong><br />
homeopathy. In contrast <strong>to</strong> the VetCR<br />
and CORE-Hom databases, the HomBRex<br />
database particularly focuses on plants,<br />
parts of plants, and microorganisms like<br />
fungi and bacteria as model systems,<br />
<strong>in</strong>stead of diseased humans or animals.<br />
However, healthy humans and animals<br />
or cell l<strong>in</strong>es from these two groups are<br />
<strong>in</strong>cluded when used as model systems.<br />
This is, for <strong>in</strong>stance, <strong>in</strong> the context of<br />
drug prov<strong>in</strong>gs (or <strong>in</strong> modern terms:<br />
homeopathic pathogenetic trials) <strong>in</strong><br />
humans that at least observe one<br />
objective parameter (e.g., blood<br />
pressure). Moreover, the HomBRex<br />
database conta<strong>in</strong>s many experiments<br />
study<strong>in</strong>g potencies and high potencies<br />
without any biological model system,<br />
but us<strong>in</strong>g physical and chemical<br />
techniques <strong>in</strong> order <strong>to</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>e<br />
whether there are differences between<br />
potencies and non-potentised dilutions<br />
or solvents.<br />
The HomBRex database allows one <strong>to</strong><br />
search for bibliographical data, as well<br />
as provid<strong>in</strong>g detailed <strong>in</strong>formation on the<br />
applied organism, research field and the<br />
homeopathic remedy under study. The<br />
presented results conta<strong>in</strong> additional<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation on application of high<br />
potencies (Yes / No) and study design.<br />
50
HomBRex conta<strong>in</strong>s about 1800<br />
experiments. The <strong>in</strong>terface is <strong>in</strong> English<br />
and use of the database is free of charge<br />
after (cost-free) registration.<br />
The HomBRex database supports<br />
scientists <strong>in</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g new studies or <strong>to</strong><br />
reproduce experiments from other<br />
groups. The database allows the<br />
researcher <strong>to</strong> verify which biological<br />
models have proven valuable and / or<br />
reproducible <strong>in</strong> homeopathy basic<br />
research, and which have not. A<br />
comparison with previous studies may<br />
help <strong>to</strong> resolve, or <strong>to</strong> avoid from the<br />
outset, any exist<strong>in</strong>g issues with<strong>in</strong> the<br />
researcher’s own experiments.<br />
The database will appeal ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>to</strong><br />
scientists and physicians who are<br />
<strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> basic research.<br />
5. The CORE-Hom database<br />
The CORE-Hom database complements<br />
the VetCR database, focus<strong>in</strong>g on cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />
research <strong>in</strong> homeopathy <strong>in</strong> human<br />
medic<strong>in</strong>e. CORE-Hom is the abbreviation<br />
for “Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Outcome REsearch <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Homeopathy</strong>”.<br />
Observational studies, randomised, and<br />
non-randomised controlled cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />
trials are <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> this database. The<br />
database enables search<strong>in</strong>g by<br />
bibliographical data and by one or more<br />
of several categories of detailed<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation, e.g. disease, remedy, study<br />
design and quality. Brief summaries of<br />
the study results are <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the<br />
search results obta<strong>in</strong>ed. The data entries<br />
also conta<strong>in</strong> abstracts of the<br />
publications, if available. A special<br />
feature is the possibility of limit<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
search results by quality criteria<br />
established <strong>in</strong> the major review articles<br />
<strong>in</strong> homeopathy [1-3].<br />
Another special feature is the group<strong>in</strong>g<br />
of publications <strong>in</strong> the search results of<br />
the CORE-Hom database. If several<br />
publications belong <strong>to</strong> the same large<br />
cohort study, for example, or if they are<br />
re-analyses or secondary publications of<br />
older publications, such attributes will<br />
be clearly visible. Another category<br />
<strong>in</strong>dicates <strong>in</strong> which review articles or<br />
meta-analyses the <strong>in</strong>dividual studies<br />
were assessed.<br />
So far, CORE-Hom conta<strong>in</strong>s about 800<br />
publications. The CORE-Hom database is<br />
still under construction. It can already<br />
be used, but some studies have not yet<br />
been <strong>in</strong>dexed completely, or their<br />
<strong>in</strong>dex<strong>in</strong>g is as yet quite rudimentary.<br />
Also, some of the above-mentioned<br />
special features have not yet been<br />
implemented, or have been only<br />
partially implemented <strong>to</strong> date. The<br />
database will be a valuable asset for<br />
scientists, health professionals and<br />
patients <strong>in</strong> future, s<strong>in</strong>ce the ma<strong>in</strong> results<br />
of each study are <strong>in</strong>dicated as part of the<br />
search results.<br />
The <strong>in</strong>terface of CORE-Hom is <strong>in</strong> English.<br />
Access <strong>to</strong> CORE-Hom is free after costfree<br />
registration.<br />
6. Conclusion<br />
Table 1 conta<strong>in</strong>s an overview of the core<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation compris<strong>in</strong>g each of the four<br />
databases described above. Based on<br />
these databases, several papers have<br />
51
already been published, mostly <strong>in</strong> peerreviewed<br />
journals [5-15]. These<br />
publications are general articles<br />
<strong>in</strong>troduc<strong>in</strong>g the respective databases, as<br />
well as important review articles<br />
attempt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> clarify specific scientific<br />
issues by means of the database<br />
contents.<br />
All databases are ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
cont<strong>in</strong>uously: new publications are<br />
added and errors <strong>in</strong> the exist<strong>in</strong>g records<br />
are corrected. Users of the databases are<br />
encouraged <strong>to</strong> <strong>in</strong>form the Karl and<br />
Veronica Carstens-Stiftung about any<br />
publications miss<strong>in</strong>g from the databases<br />
or any errors of content they might<br />
identify.<br />
52
Table 1: Comparative overview on the databases of the Karl and Veronica Carstens-Stiftung<br />
Name Topic Free access Registration<br />
required<br />
Languages<br />
CAM-Quest Quick CAM <strong>in</strong> general Yes No German, English,<br />
Search<br />
Dutch, French<br />
Approx.<br />
Publications Web address<br />
number of<br />
data sets<br />
5000 Therapies: http://www.camquest.org/suche/therapien/<br />
Diseases: http://www.camquest.org/suche/krankheiten/<br />
CAM-Quest Expert CAM <strong>in</strong> general Yes No German, English 1 16000 http://expert.cam-quest.org:81/<br />
Search<br />
VetCR Studies of Yes No English 300 [11-15] http://www.carstensstiftung.de/cl<strong>in</strong>resvet/<strong>in</strong>dex.php<br />
veter<strong>in</strong>ary<br />
homeopathy<br />
HomBRex Basic research Yes Yes English 1800 [5-10] http://www.carstensstiftung.de/hombrex/<br />
<strong>in</strong> homeopathy<br />
CORE-Hom 1 Studies of<br />
human<br />
homeopathy<br />
1 under construction<br />
Yes Yes English 800 www.carstens-stiftung.de/corehom<br />
A similar version of this article has been previously released <strong>in</strong> Reckweg Journal 8(1), 2013, pp. 21 - 23<br />
53
Reference list<br />
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<strong>Homeopathy</strong>, KVC-Verlag, Essen,<br />
Germany.<br />
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Melchart, F. Eitel, L. V. Hedges, and W.<br />
B. Jonas (1997) Are the cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />
effects of homoeopathy placebo<br />
effects Lancet 350(9081), pp. 834-<br />
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Nartey, P. Juni, S. Dorig, J. A. Sterne, D.<br />
Pewsner, and M. Egger (2005) Are the<br />
cl<strong>in</strong>ical effects of homoeopathy placebo<br />
effects Comparative study of placebocontrolled<br />
trials of homoeopathy and<br />
allopathy. Lancet 366(9487), pp. 726-<br />
732.<br />
4. R. T. Mathie, D. Hacke, J. Clausen, T.<br />
Nicolai, D. S. Riley and P. Fisher (2013)<br />
Randomised controlled trials of<br />
homeopathy <strong>in</strong> humans: characteris<strong>in</strong>g<br />
the research journal literature for<br />
systematic review. <strong>Homeopathy</strong><br />
102(1), pp. 3-24<br />
5. J. Clausen, R. Van Wijk, and H. Albrecht<br />
(2011) Review of the use of high<br />
potencies <strong>in</strong> basic research on<br />
homeopathy. <strong>Homeopathy</strong> 100(4), pp.<br />
288-292.<br />
6. J. Clausen, R. Van Wijk, and H. Albrecht<br />
(2010) Infection models <strong>in</strong> basic<br />
research on homeopathy. <strong>Homeopathy</strong><br />
99(4), pp. 263-270.<br />
7. R. Van Wijk, J. Clausen, and H. Albrecht<br />
(2009). The rat <strong>in</strong> basic therapeutic<br />
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98(4), pp. 280-286.<br />
8. R. Van Wijk and H. Albrecht (2007)<br />
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homeopathy. <strong>Homeopathy</strong> 96(4), pp.<br />
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9. R. Van Wijk and H. Albrecht (2007)<br />
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<strong>in</strong> the HomBRex basic homeopathy<br />
research database. <strong>Homeopathy</strong> 96(4),<br />
pp. 252-257.<br />
10. H. Albrecht, R. Van Wijk, and S. Dittloff<br />
(2002) A new database on basic<br />
research <strong>in</strong> homeopathy.<br />
<strong>Homeopathy</strong> 91(3), pp. 162-165.<br />
11. J. Clausen, H. Albrecht, and R. T. Mathie<br />
(2013) Veter<strong>in</strong>ary Cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>Research</strong><br />
Database for <strong>Homeopathy</strong>: Placebo-<br />
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Controlled Trials. Complement Ther<br />
Med. 21(2), pp. 115-20.<br />
12. J. Clausen and H. Albrecht (2010)<br />
Database on veter<strong>in</strong>ary cl<strong>in</strong>ical<br />
research <strong>in</strong> homeopathy.<br />
<strong>Homeopathy</strong> 99(3), pp. 189-191.<br />
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<strong>Research</strong> Database for <strong>Homeopathy</strong>.<br />
<strong>Homeopathy</strong> <strong>Research</strong> Institute<br />
Newsletter 2010.<br />
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newsletters/HRI_Newsletter10_Autumn20<br />
10.pdf<br />
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Randomised controlled trials of<br />
veter<strong>in</strong>ary homeopathy:<br />
characteris<strong>in</strong>g the peer-reviewed<br />
research literature for systematic<br />
review. <strong>Homeopathy</strong> 101(4), pp. 196-<br />
203.<br />
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Systematic review, with meta-analysis,<br />
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Rec. submitted.<br />
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Immunomodula<strong>to</strong>ry drugs (natalizumab), worsen<strong>in</strong>g of multiple sclerosis,<br />
rebound effect and similitude - <strong>Homeopathy</strong> 2013<br />
Marcus Zulian Teixeira<br />
www.newhomeopathicmedic<strong>in</strong>es.com<br />
Has just been published <strong>in</strong> the British journal<br />
<strong>Homeopathy</strong> the article titled<br />
“Immunomodula<strong>to</strong>ry drugs (natalizumab),<br />
worsen<strong>in</strong>g of multiple sclerosis, rebound<br />
effect and similitude”, <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
scientific basis of the pr<strong>in</strong>ciple of<br />
homeopathic heal<strong>in</strong>g before the modern<br />
pharmacology:<br />
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2387<br />
0382<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> this review, current hypotheses<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> that the ma<strong>in</strong> event <strong>in</strong> the<br />
pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the<br />
activation of peripheral au<strong>to</strong>reactive T<br />
lymphocytes, which after multiply and cross<br />
the blood-bra<strong>in</strong> barrier trigger a cascade of<br />
<strong>in</strong>flamma<strong>to</strong>ry events <strong>in</strong> the CNS, culm<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong> demyel<strong>in</strong>ation and axonal damage of<br />
neurons. The migration of these leukocytes<br />
through this barrier requires <strong>in</strong>teraction with<br />
adhesion molecules expressed on the surface<br />
of cells, such as select<strong>in</strong>s, <strong>in</strong>tegr<strong>in</strong>s and their<br />
endothelial recep<strong>to</strong>rs. Natalizumab is a<br />
humanized monoclonal antibody selective<br />
<strong>in</strong>hibi<strong>to</strong>r of these adhesion molecules that<br />
prevents the migration of leukocytes <strong>to</strong> the<br />
SNC, reduc<strong>in</strong>g the frequency of outbreaks, the<br />
number of bra<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>jury and disease<br />
progression.<br />
Despite the beneficial primary effects of this<br />
enantiopathic treatment, experimental and<br />
observational studies show a worsen<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
the basal activity of the MS after the<br />
suspension of natalizumab (“rebound effect”<br />
or “immune reconstitution <strong>in</strong>flamma<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
syndrome without progressive multifocal<br />
leukoencephalopathy”), with <strong>in</strong>tense<br />
exacerbation of symp<strong>to</strong>ms, an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> the<br />
number and/or size of demyel<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g lesions<br />
and fatal disease progression.<br />
As well as observed with natalizumab,<br />
f<strong>in</strong>golimod and tumor necrosis fac<strong>to</strong>r<br />
antagonists drugs (<strong>in</strong>fliximab, adalimumab,<br />
etanercept), it is worth not<strong>in</strong>g that recent<br />
studies have shown a high frequency and<br />
<strong>in</strong>tensity of “rebound effect” or “paradoxical<br />
reaction” after the suspension of other<br />
immunomodula<strong>to</strong>rs drugs used <strong>in</strong> other<br />
diseases, warn<strong>in</strong>g of the risks of this new<br />
class of drugs (biological response<br />
modifiers), that presents palliative<br />
(antagonistic or enantiopathic) action more<br />
56
effective than other drugs. This f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g is<br />
based on an <strong>in</strong>tr<strong>in</strong>sic property <strong>to</strong> the<br />
“rebound phenomenon” and the “pr<strong>in</strong>ciple of<br />
similitude”, <strong>in</strong> which the magnitude of the<br />
secondary action of the organism is directly<br />
proportional <strong>to</strong> the <strong>in</strong>tensity of the primary<br />
action of the drug.<br />
With this review, we expanded on hundreds<br />
of scientific papers the pharmacological basis<br />
of this l<strong>in</strong>e of research we've seen develop<strong>in</strong>g<br />
for more than 15 years, demonstrat<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
universality of “natural law” of homeopathic<br />
cure.<br />
57