Proceedings of Topical Meeting on Optoinformatics (pdf-format, 1.21 ...

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12 OPTOINFORMATICS’05 OPTICAL CORRELATION SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY VERIFICATION Muravsky L.I. Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute <strong>of</strong> NAS Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine “Optical Security Systems” The overview <strong>of</strong> recent advances in optical image processing technologies for security verification <strong>of</strong> documents and products is represented. The most typical optical correlation systems for fingerprint and random phase mask identification are considered. The recent advances in development <strong>of</strong> optical image processing technologies for security verification <strong>of</strong> documents and products are analyzed in this lecture. As a rule, biometric images and phase masks are used as optical security elements (optical marks) in these technologies. The optical marks are attached to an object that should be protected from a counterfeiting. Because such marks are the transparent patterns, the optical correlation methods can be simply adopted for their identification. A Vander Lugt correlator and a joint transform correlator architectures are widely used for these purposes. [1-4] But the hybrid optical-digital realizations <strong>of</strong> mentioned above architectures are the most hopeful for creation <strong>of</strong> high-speed and reliable security verification systems. Two main directions in the development <strong>of</strong> optoelectronic correlation systems for security verification are considered in this report. First direction is represented by correlation methods and systems for identification <strong>of</strong> biometric images, in particular, fingerprints and faces. Second direction includes the information technologies for identification <strong>of</strong> random, pseudorandom or deterministic phase masks and composed patterns containing both phase mask and a fingerprint. First direction was developed after invention <strong>of</strong> holographic matched filters. However absence <strong>of</strong> high-performance portable devices for input-output <strong>of</strong> optical information those years has not allowed creating <strong>of</strong> high-reliability automatic identification systems. Recently, the occurrence <strong>of</strong> high-speed spatial light modulators and video cameras based on CCD- and CMOS-sensors has stimulated creation <strong>of</strong> hybrid optical-digital correlation systems for fingerprint identification. The “True Recognition System” (Mytec Technologies Inc.) [1] and the compact correlation system for fingerprint recognition (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.) [2] are the typical examples <strong>of</strong> good results in this direction. Development <strong>of</strong> second direction was initiated by Horner and Javidi. [3,4] The high-performance experimental setups <strong>of</strong> optical and hybrid systems for identification <strong>of</strong> random phase masks were created in last years. So-called transformed phase mask [5,6] can be considered as the improved modification <strong>of</strong> a random phase mask. If a random phase mask is identified, only one sharp and narrow correlation peak is formed at the optical correlator output. But if we use a transformed phase mask for identification, several sharp peaks are produced. The relative positioning <strong>of</strong> these peaks generates the spatial protective code that can be represented as a feature vector. The identification <strong>of</strong> a presenting transformed phase mask is realized by comparison <strong>of</strong> its feature vector with a reference feature vector. Such property <strong>of</strong> a transformed PM allows raising the security level <strong>of</strong> a protected object. The hybrid optical-digital system created in Karpenko Physiko-Mechanical Institute <strong>of</strong> NAS Ukraine is intended for security verification <strong>of</strong> credit cards and other similar products. [7-10] This system is built up on the basis <strong>of</strong> a joint transform correlator architecture. It consists <strong>of</strong> an optical Fourier processor, a CCD-camera, and a PC with
SAINT-PETERSBURG, October 17 – 20, 2005 13 developed s<strong>of</strong>tware for realization <strong>of</strong> the 512×512-pixel Fast Fourier transform. A transformed phase mask is used in this device as an optical mark bonded to a credit card to be identified. This mask is intended for protection <strong>of</strong> valuable papers and documents from counterfeiting. The time <strong>of</strong> an optical mark identification in this system is about 500 ms for a Pentium144Hz PC. Creation <strong>of</strong> correlation systems for identification <strong>of</strong> reflecting phase masks and optical marks fabricated on basis <strong>of</strong> transparent phase masks was the next step in development <strong>of</strong> new optical security information technologies. For example, the optoelectronic verification system based on an optical joint Fourier transform (Physical Optics Corp.) [11] is the high-performance tool for identification <strong>of</strong> reflecting random phase masks. Another approach for identification <strong>of</strong> reflecting optical marks consists in usage <strong>of</strong> reflecting joint power spectrum <strong>of</strong> a transformed and reference phase masks recorded on a chalcogenide glass. [12] The simple Fourier processor can be used as a security device for identification <strong>of</strong> such marks. Thus, the proposed overview indicated the wide possibilities <strong>of</strong> optoelectronic correlation systems for security verification. Besides the protection <strong>of</strong> documents, products and things from counterfeiting, the considered information technologies can be used for creation <strong>of</strong> optoelectronic locks and image encryption devices. 1. A. Stoianov, C. Soutar, A.Graham, Opt. Eng. 38, №1, 99-107, (1999). 2. Y. Kobayashi, H.Toyoda, Opt. Eng. 38, №7, 1205-1210, (1999). 3. J.L. Horner, B. Javidi, Euro-American Workshop on Optical Pattern Recognition, 193- 203 // Eds. Javidi B. and Réfrégier P., Bellingham. SPIE Optical Engineering Press, (1994). 4. B. Javidi, J.L. Horner, Opt. Eng. 33, №6, 1752-1756, (1994). 5. L.I. Muravsky, V.M. Fitio, M.V. Shovgenyuk, P.A. Hlushak, Proc. SPIE. 3466, 267- 277, (1998). 6. L.I. Muravsky, T.I. Voronyak, V.M. Fitio, M.V. Shovgenyuk, Opt. Eng. 38, №1, 25- 32, (1999). 7. L.I. Muravsky, Proc. SPIE. 4535, 132-136, 2001. 8. L.I. Muravsky, Ya.P. Kulynych, O.P. Maksymenko, T.I. Voronyak, F.L. Vladimirov, S.A.Kostyukevych, V.M. Fitio, Semicond. Phys., Quantum Electr. & Optoelectronics. 5, №2, 222-230, (2002). 9. А.А. Акаев, С.Б. Гуревич, К.М. Жумалиев, Л.И. Муравский, С.Н. Смирнова, Голография и оптическая обработка информации: избранные разделы // Бишкек, Санкт-Петербург. Учкун. 2003. 10. Л.И. Муравский, А.П. Максименко, Т.И. Вороняк, А.Г. Куць, С.А. Костюкевич, Оптич. журн. 70, №8, 34-39, (2003). 11. R. Shie, SPIE’s oemagazine. March, 2004. 12. L.I. Muravsky, S.O. Kostyukevych, T.I. Voronyak, P.E. Shepeliavyi, Proc. SPIE, 5310, 377-386, (2004).
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