An investigation into forest ownership and customary land ... - Fern
An investigation into forest ownership and customary land ... - Fern
An investigation into forest ownership and customary land ... - Fern
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Box 23 – The views of five women as to their tenure security 189<br />
4.4 Youth 190<br />
Box 24 – Provisions of the Customary Marriage Law 2003 191<br />
5 L<strong>and</strong> conflicts as an indicator of tenure concerns 194<br />
5.1 L<strong>and</strong> disputes in the study communities 195<br />
5.2 L<strong>and</strong> disputes reaching the county level 196<br />
Box 25 – Overview findings on l<strong>and</strong> dispute in 37 study towns 198<br />
5.3 Conclusions on l<strong>and</strong> conflict 202<br />
Table 25 – Proportion of real property cases as collated by NRC in 2006 203<br />
Table 26 – Classification of cases recorded by NRC between January-May 2007 205<br />
Table 27 – Comparison of property <strong>and</strong> personal abuse cases recorded by nrc 206<br />
6 <strong>An</strong> overview of the state of <strong>customary</strong> l<strong>and</strong> tenure 207<br />
6.1 Norms 207<br />
6.2 Trends 210<br />
Chapter 4 Forest rights <strong>and</strong> the <strong>forest</strong> law 217<br />
1 Forest <strong>ownership</strong>: the <strong>customary</strong> position 219<br />
Table 28 – The legal owner of <strong>forest</strong>: summary of responses 221<br />
1.1 Entrenching Communal Forest <strong>ownership</strong> 221<br />
Table 29 – Current <strong>forest</strong> uses in study communities 222<br />
2 Forest <strong>ownership</strong>: the statutory position 227<br />
2.1 A recap of the legal treatment of <strong>customary</strong> l<strong>and</strong> interests in the Hinterl<strong>and</strong> 227<br />
2.2 The <strong>forest</strong>ry sector has taken ample advantage of uncertainty 229<br />
3 Past <strong>forest</strong> law <strong>and</strong> <strong>forest</strong> <strong>ownership</strong> 232<br />
3.1 Laying an adequate foundation 232<br />
3.2 Losing the <strong>forest</strong> in practice 233<br />
3.3 Losing the <strong>forest</strong> in law 234<br />
4 Current <strong>forest</strong> law 237<br />
Box 26 – The better spirit of the National Forestry Reform Law, 2006 237<br />
4.1 Unpacking the contradictions 238<br />
4.2 A governance failure 239<br />
4.3 Finding the means to remove <strong>forest</strong>s from owners 241<br />
4.4 Retaining ‘little <strong>forest</strong>s for little people’ 242<br />
4.5 Entrenching rather than devolving the powers of management 242<br />
4.6 Defying existing legal provisions for security of tenure 243<br />
4.7 Ignoring constitutional procedure for lawfully extinguishing <strong>customary</strong> rights 244<br />
4.8 Hoisted upon its own petard 245<br />
4.9 Defeating the security of lawful possession <strong>and</strong> <strong>ownership</strong> 246<br />
Box 27 – Extracts from un declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 248
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