Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com

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Pulse Factor, Multiple of Rated PS Power
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
500% x 30sec (250 kW per module)
450% x5min (225 kW)
400% x15min (200 kW)
330% x30min (165 kW)
260% x1hr (130 kW)
190% x2hr (95 kW)
150% x3hr (75 kW)
0.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Pulse Duration, hr
Figure 1-6. PQ Module Pulse Power Capability
The PQ Module was introduced in recognition that it is often necessary to combine energy
storage functions to offer a cost competitive system. For example, in some circumstances, the
mitigation of short duration power disturbances can be combined with peak shaving such that the
same facility accomplishes both functions. Typically, the energy storage system is sized to
protect the critical load using the Pulse Factor multiplier, and peak shaving is conducted at the
Rated PS Power. Table 1-2 provides a list of operating regimes for the PQ Module including
those that combine pulse power and peak shaving functions. The operating regimes are defined
by NGK such that pulse power capability is maintained over the module life and battery
temperatures remain within thermal limits during all modes of operation.
As described in Ref.1-5, extensive safety testing of NAS battery modules has been conducted
under simulated accident conditions for fire, flood, vibrations, and mishandling events, as well as
for electrical malfunctions.
1-5