Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com
Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Regenesys Electricity Storage Technology inactive, the Regenesys system could be brought to a state of charge that would make up for an inefficiencies and imbalances in energy charged and discharged. A Regenesys energy storage system would be particularly suited to the area/frequency regulation application because of the high cyclability (capability to be charged and discharged at all states of charge without degradation) and the long expected life under the conditions expected. Transmission Customer Power Quality, Power Reliability A variety of loads--ranging from modest industrial installations to substations of significant capacity--require energy to provide power quality and backup power. This energy is used for a variety of conditions such as when momentary disturbances require real power injection to avoid power interruptions. In the case of industrial customers, a local source of power may be required when there is an interruption of power from the utility. This power source may function until the power feed from the utility is restored, until a reserve generator is started, or until critical loads are shut down in a safe manner. In the case of a substation, a variety of momentary disturbances such as lightning strikes or transmission flashovers cause power trips or low voltages. The total energy storage requirement is greater and there may be a need power flow separation to insure continuous power to important customers. Costs and Benefits Projected Costs In Table 2, we show projections for the costs for Regenesys energy storage plants at two levels or production: a first commercial plant (i.e., the plant after the one for TVA) and full implementation (say the 30 th plant sold with sales of 10 plants per year). The costs shown, which are Symons/EECI projections based on values obtained from Innogy publications or from Innogy personnel, relate to a plant with a nominal power capability of 10MW and an energy storage capacity for a 10-hour discharge of 100MWh. The columns headed $/kWh and $/kW in Table 2 relate to the portions of the total cost that can be attributed to energy capacity and power capability, respectively. Thus, to estimate the cost of Page 19
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Regenesys Electricity Storage Technology a first commercial plant with a nominal capability of 120MWh and 12MW (the nominal capabilities of both the Little Barford and the CAFB plants), one would sum the products of $120/kWh by 120MWh ($14.4 million) and $300/kW by 12MW ($3.6 million) to obtain a total plant cost projection of $18 million ($1,500/kW). Similarly, for the 30 th plant, the total plant cost would be calculated to be $7.8M + $1.8M = $9.6M, or $800/kW. Table 2 Projected Costs for Turnkey 100MWh/10MW Regenesys Energy Storage Plant for Transmission Deferral plus Area Regulation Application (2002$) Application: Transmission Deferral & Area Regulation Plant Size MWh Plant Capacity MW Capital Cost: Power Related ($/kW) Capital Cost: Energy Related ($/kWh) Total Capital Cost (Millions of $) O&M Cost: Fixed ($/kW-yr) O&M Cost: Variable ($/kWh) 1 st . Commercial Plant 100 10 300 120 15 10 0.01 30 th . Plant with 10 plants/year 100 10 150 65 8 1 0.005 The capital cost parameters shown in Table 2 do not, however, represent appropriate arithmetic to use for plants that have a nominal discharge rate different than 10 hours, or for plants where the peak power capability is markedly different than one-tenth the energy capacity. In these circumstances, the parameters shown in Table 3 are thought to be more appropriate. The parameters listed in Table 3 should be used according to the following formula: Total Plant Cost = Base $/kWh x Baseline kWh + Incremental $/kWh x (Plant kWh – Baseline kWh) + Incremental $/kW x (Plant kW – Baseline kW) Note that the parameters in Table 3 are Symons/EECI projections based on a limited amount of information from Innogy and our knowledge of cost breakdowns for other flow batteries. It must be noted that the parameters given in Table 3 are expected to have limited applicability, for excursions from the 100MWh/10MW baseline design of perhaps +30% in the energy capacity and perhaps +50% in the power capability. Page 20
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EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material<br />
Regenesys Electricity <strong>St<strong>or</strong>age</strong> Technology<br />
a first <strong>com</strong>mercial plant with a nominal capability <strong>of</strong> 120MWh and 12MW (the nominal<br />
capabilities <strong>of</strong> both the Little Bar<strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong>d and the CAFB plants), one would sum the products <strong>of</strong><br />
$120/kWh by 120MWh ($14.4 million) and $300/kW by 12MW ($3.6 million) to obtain a total<br />
plant cost projection <strong>of</strong> $18 million ($1,500/kW). Similarly, <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> the 30 th plant, the total plant<br />
cost would be calculated to be $7.8M + $1.8M = $9.6M, <strong>or</strong> $800/kW.<br />
Table 2<br />
Projected Costs <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> Turnkey 100MWh/10MW Regenesys <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>St<strong>or</strong>age</strong> Plant <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> <strong>Transmission</strong> Deferral<br />
plus Area Regulation Application (2002$)<br />
Application:<br />
<strong>Transmission</strong><br />
Deferral & Area<br />
Regulation<br />
Plant<br />
Size<br />
MWh<br />
Plant<br />
Capacity<br />
MW<br />
Capital<br />
Cost:<br />
Power<br />
Related<br />
($/kW)<br />
Capital<br />
Cost:<br />
<strong>Energy</strong><br />
Related<br />
($/kWh)<br />
Total<br />
Capital<br />
Cost<br />
(Millions<br />
<strong>of</strong> $)<br />
O&M<br />
Cost:<br />
Fixed<br />
($/kW-yr)<br />
O&M<br />
Cost:<br />
Variable<br />
($/kWh)<br />
1 st . Commercial<br />
Plant 100 10 300 120 15 10 0.01<br />
30 th . Plant with<br />
10 plants/year 100 10 150 65 8 1 0.005<br />
The capital cost parameters shown in Table 2 do not, however, represent appropriate arithmetic<br />
to use <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> plants that have a nominal discharge rate different than 10 hours, <strong>or</strong> <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> plants where<br />
the peak power capability is markedly different than one-tenth the energy capacity. In these<br />
circumstances, the parameters shown in Table 3 are thought to be m<strong>or</strong>e appropriate. The<br />
parameters listed in Table 3 should be used acc<strong>or</strong>ding to the following <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong>mula:<br />
Total Plant Cost = Base $/kWh x Baseline kWh<br />
+ Incremental $/kWh x (Plant kWh – Baseline kWh)<br />
+ Incremental $/kW x (Plant kW – Baseline kW)<br />
Note that the parameters in Table 3 are Symons/EECI projections based on a limited amount <strong>of</strong><br />
in<strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong>mation from Innogy and our knowledge <strong>of</strong> cost breakdowns <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> other flow batteries. It must<br />
be noted that the parameters given in Table 3 are expected to have limited applicability, <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong><br />
excursions from the 100MWh/10MW baseline design <strong>of</strong> perhaps +30% in the energy capacity<br />
and perhaps +50% in the power capability.<br />
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