Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com

EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Description .............................................................................................................................................................1
Brief History....................................................................................................................................................1
Operating CAES Plants............................................................................................................................2
Past CAES Development Efforts .............................................................................................................2
CAES Technology...........................................................................................................................................2
Compressed Air Energy Cycles ...............................................................................................................4
Compressed Air Storage Underground Facilities.....................................................................................8
The Hybrid Plant Concept........................................................................................................................9
Key Features and Limitations........................................................................................................................10
2. Status ....................................................................................................................................................................12
Current and On-going Development Efforts .................................................................................................13
Huntorf Plant..........................................................................................................................................13
McIntosh Plant .......................................................................................................................................13
Norton Plant ...........................................................................................................................................15
Matagordo Plant.....................................................................................................................................16
Other Ongoing Development Efforts .....................................................................................................17
Current developers and vendors ....................................................................................................................17
Field Tests .....................................................................................................................................................17
Japan ......................................................................................................................................................18
Italy ........................................................................................................................................................19
United States ..........................................................................................................................................19
Lessons learned .............................................................................................................................................20
Unresolved issues..........................................................................................................................................21
Summary of Innovative Development Efforts...............................................................................................21
3. Applications..........................................................................................................................................................23
T&D Applications.........................................................................................................................................24
VAR Support (Reactive Power Supply).................................................................................................24
Peak shaving ..........................................................................................................................................24
Energy Imbalance (Distributed Resource for Area Control)..................................................................25
Emergency Spinning Reserve ................................................................................................................25
Supplemental Reserve............................................................................................................................25
Arbitrage (Price Hedging)......................................................................................................................25
Technology Evaluation..................................................................................................................................25
4. Costs and Benefits ................................................................................................................................................26
Capital Cost...................................................................................................................................................26
Operating Cost...............................................................................................................................................28
Cost information............................................................................................................................................28
Benefits information......................................................................................................................................28
5. References and Bibliography................................................................................................................................32
References.....................................................................................................................................................32
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................................34
Glossary.........................................................................................................................................................35
Key words .....................................................................................................................................................35
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