Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com
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Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com

Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com

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28.01.2015 Views

EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material The company initially focused on energy storage flywheels for telecom applications, and developed the highest stored-energy, commercially available flywheel products in the world. Its high-energy telecom flywheel systems are operating in about a dozen field locations in North America, South Africa and Israel. Beacon recently began marketing high-power flywheel systems for UPS applications. Beacon is also proposing an innovative flywheel power station that can deliver megawatts for high-power distributed generation applications. Beacon offers flywheel technologies over a range of low and high power, from 2 kW to 250 kW. For low power, they have a 6-kWh flywheel that delivers up to 2 kW, for a long period of time–up to 3 hours at full rated load for remote terminal telephone and cable applications, longer at reduced power. These flywheels are designed for very low power loss (~60 W) and totally maintenance free operation for 20 years. The system uses a composite rotor on magnetic bearings, spinning in a patented self-contained vacuum environment and operating at 22,500 rpm in float. Because of the low power applications, these flywheels can efficiently deliver power down to approximately 7,000 rpm. The flywheel is typically installed underground, which minimizes real estate requirements and provides increased security. For high power, Beacon offers a 250 kW flywheel that delivers high power for short duration. This flywheel is designed to economically provide longer run-time than other available flywheels; up to 25 seconds at 250 kW vs. the typical 12-15 seconds. This type of flywheel delivers a relatively small amount of energy (e.g. 250 kW for 25 sec is only 1 kWh). The rotor is considerably smaller than the 6 kWh wheel used in the low power, long duration telecom applications. This family of flywheels operates at a float speed in the 36,000-rpm range. Depending on the load, the cut-off speed is limited by current draw through the electronics and ranges between 18,000 and 24,000 rpm. Hitec Power Protection Hitec (formerly known as Holec Power Protection) is a Dutch company that has been manufacturing its Continuous Power Supply (CPS) for over thirty years. Recent versions of the CPS have incorporated an unusual system using a flywheel within an inductive coupling to provide bridging power. The CPS is composed of four parts: a diesel engine, a free-wheel clutch, an induction coupling, and a synchronous generator. The generator is connected to the AC utility line in parallel with the load. The clutch disengages the generator from the diesel engine, allowing the generator to spin, as a motor when utility power is available. The generator is connected mechanically to the induction coupling, which consists of two concentric rotors. The outer rotor is directly connected to the generator on one side and to the diesel engine, via the clutch, on the other, and contains ac and dc windings that couple it to the freewheeling inner rotor. When the ac windings are energized the outer rotor, spinning at 1800 rpm, becomes a two-pole stator as in an induction motor. And this induction acts on the inner rotor, spinning it up to nearly 5400 rpm, where it acts as a flywheel. When utility power is lost the dc windings of the other rotor take over and hold the generator shaft at 1800 RPM by coupling with the inter rotor and controlling the slip as it is decelerating. This provides enough time for the diesel generator to turn on, come up to speed and pick up the load via Flywheels Page 18

EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material the eddy current clutch, providing power for as long as the fuel holds out or until utility power becomes available. Pentadyne Pentadyne Power Corporation of Chatsworth, CA is a manufacturer of high-speed graphite composite flywheel systems for high-power applications. Paul Craig, former CEO of Capstone Turbine Corporation, founded the company in 1998. The company owns technology from Rosen Motors (now defunct), which had developed flywheel technologies for use in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. Pentadyne is marketing a product called the PPQ 120, a battery replacement / augmentation for a UPS system, which targets the power quality market. The PPQ 120 is a high-speed power flywheel system, which provides 120kW for up to 20 seconds. It applies a synchronous reluctance motor-generator with a power electronic rectifier/inverter to provide a regulated DC output. As of this writing, Pentadyne has secured Series B financing and is searching for beta test partners for its PPQ 120 unit. Piller Premium Power Systems Piller Premium Power Systems of Middletown, New York, is a member of the RWE family of companies, which is headquartered in Germany. Piller builds a low-speed power flywheel system for ride-through applications, which it calls the Powerbridge. The Powerbridge unit consists of a massive steel wheel that discharges from a nominal speed of 3600 rpm down to 1800 rpm, and is contained within an enclosure surrounded by helium. Piller is somewhat unusual among low-speed flywheel manufacturers for using magnetic lifting in the vertical shaft system to reduce the weight on the mechanical lower bearing in its system. Piller also uses power electronics in a different way than others. The flywheel is built into their Powerbridge product, which can be combined with other equipment such as the Piller Uniblock-T UPS. Included in the UPS are the flywheel with alternator and starter motor, a rectifier/inverter, and a vertical shaft synchronous motor/generator. For the Uniblock-TD product Piller substitutes a horizontal shaft M-G and adds a diesel generator. In the event that utility power fails, the Powerbridge system provides ridethrough power long enough for the diesel generator to start up and take over. Like several other manufactures of >1MW flywheels, Piller physically separates the flywheel housing from the generator housing. However Piller applies a unique approach of coupling the flywheel and ac generator via power electronics. In this configuration the power electronics serve as the frequency converter, but leave power conditioning, waveshaping, and regulation functions to the output of a conventional synchronous ac generator. SatCon Power Systems SatCon Power Systems a Division of SatCon Technology Corporation is based in Worcester, MA where they manufacture flywheel systems from 315 to 2200 kVA. The first systems were being tested in Fall 2002 and are expected to be ready for delivery February 2003. SatCon’s first entry in the field is the large low-speed flywheel system incorporated into a rotary UPS that includes a back up diesel generator, called the Flywheels Page 19

EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material<br />

the eddy current clutch, providing power <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> as long as the fuel holds out <strong>or</strong> until utility<br />

power be<strong>com</strong>es available.<br />

Pentadyne<br />

Pentadyne Power C<strong>or</strong>p<strong>or</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> Chatsw<strong>or</strong>th, CA is a manufacturer <strong>of</strong> high-speed<br />

graphite <strong>com</strong>posite flywheel systems <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> high-power applications. Paul Craig, <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong>mer<br />

CEO <strong>of</strong> Capstone Turbine C<strong>or</strong>p<strong>or</strong>ation, founded the <strong>com</strong>pany in 1998. The <strong>com</strong>pany<br />

owns technology from Rosen Mot<strong>or</strong>s (now defunct), which had developed flywheel<br />

technologies <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> use in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles.<br />

Pentadyne is marketing a product called the PPQ 120, a battery replacement /<br />

augmentation <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> a UPS system, which targets the power quality market. The PPQ 120 is<br />

a high-speed power flywheel system, which provides 120kW <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> up to 20 seconds. It<br />

applies a synchronous reluctance mot<strong>or</strong>-generat<strong>or</strong> with a power electronic<br />

rectifier/inverter to provide a regulated DC output. As <strong>of</strong> this writing, Pentadyne has<br />

secured Series B financing and is searching <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> beta test partners <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> its PPQ 120 unit.<br />

Piller Premium Power Systems<br />

Piller Premium Power Systems <strong>of</strong> Middletown, New Y<strong>or</strong>k, is a member <strong>of</strong> the RWE<br />

family <strong>of</strong> <strong>com</strong>panies, which is headquartered in Germany. Piller builds a low-speed<br />

power flywheel system <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> ride-through applications, which it calls the Powerbridge. The<br />

Powerbridge unit consists <strong>of</strong> a massive steel wheel that discharges from a nominal speed<br />

<strong>of</strong> 3600 rpm down to 1800 rpm, and is contained within an enclosure surrounded by<br />

helium. Piller is somewhat unusual among low-speed flywheel manufacturers <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> using<br />

magnetic lifting in the vertical shaft system to reduce the weight on the mechanical lower<br />

bearing in its system.<br />

Piller also uses power electronics in a different way than others. The flywheel is built into<br />

their Powerbridge product, which can be <strong>com</strong>bined with other equipment such as the<br />

Piller Uniblock-T UPS. Included in the UPS are the flywheel with alternat<strong>or</strong> and starter<br />

mot<strong>or</strong>, a rectifier/inverter, and a vertical shaft synchronous mot<strong>or</strong>/generat<strong>or</strong>. F<strong>or</strong> the<br />

Uniblock-TD product Piller substitutes a h<strong>or</strong>izontal shaft M-G and adds a diesel<br />

generat<strong>or</strong>. In the event that utility power fails, the Powerbridge system provides ridethrough<br />

power long enough <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> the diesel generat<strong>or</strong> to start up and take over.<br />

Like several other manufactures <strong>of</strong> >1MW flywheels, Piller physically separates the<br />

flywheel housing from the generat<strong>or</strong> housing. However Piller applies a unique approach<br />

<strong>of</strong> coupling the flywheel and ac generat<strong>or</strong> via power electronics. In this configuration the<br />

power electronics serve as the frequency converter, but leave power conditioning, waveshaping,<br />

and regulation functions to the output <strong>of</strong> a conventional synchronous ac<br />

generat<strong>or</strong>.<br />

SatCon Power Systems<br />

SatCon Power Systems a Division <strong>of</strong> SatCon Technology C<strong>or</strong>p<strong>or</strong>ation is based in<br />

W<strong>or</strong>cester, MA where they manufacture flywheel systems from 315 to 2200 kVA. The<br />

first systems were being tested in Fall 2002 and are expected to be ready <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> delivery<br />

February 2003. SatCon’s first entry in the field is the large low-speed flywheel system<br />

inc<strong>or</strong>p<strong>or</strong>ated into a rotary UPS that includes a back up diesel generat<strong>or</strong>, called the<br />

Flywheels Page 19

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