Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Vertical Reciprocating Steam Engines Drive Westinghouse Flywheel Electric
Generators In Pittsburgh’s Railway Station, From 1902 Until 1950’s (Courtesy Of
Smithsonian Institute) ................................................................................................. 1
Figure 2 Physical Factors In Energy Storage Capacity ...................................................... 3
Figure 3 Cross-Section Of A Flywheel Module (Courtesy NASA Glenn Research Center)
..................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 4 Low-Speed Horizontal-Shaft Steel Flywheel (Courtesy Of Satcon Power
Systems)....................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 5 High-Speed Vertical-Shaft Composite Power Flywheel...................................... 6
Figure 6 Silhouettes Of Several Commercially Available Flywheel Systems ................... 7
Figure 7 Two Possible Flywheel Charging Configurations: Induction Motor Starter And
Power Electronics For Starting And Frequency Control. (Courtesy Of Piller
Premium Power System)............................................................................................. 8
Figure 8 System Packaging Includes All Power Conditioning, Controls And Switchgear
(Courtesy Of Caterpillar) ......................................................................................... 10
Figure 9 Loss Of Capacitor VAR Output As A Function Of Line Voltage ..................... 25
Figure 10 Damping Of Post Fault Oscillation With And Without Energy Storage.......... 26
Figure 11 Voltage Performance Parameters From WSCC............................................... 27
Figure 12 Impact Of Induction Motors On System Oscillation........................................ 27
Figure 13 Concept Of Flywheel-Based, Utility Grid Coupled Mini-FACTS Controller . 28
Figure 14 Block Diagram And Electrical Schematic Of Stabilizer Application In
Distribution ............................................................................................................... 30
Figure 15 Two 6-MW Substations (NYPA) and 1MW Storage (NYCT) Service Far
Rockaway Line ......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 16 Typical Voltage Profile At The Far Rockaway Test Track In October 2001 .. 31
Figure 17 Flywheel Installation At NYCT Bay Equalizer Location, 10 1-MW Units In
New Building............................................................................................................ 31
Figure 18 Typical Power Profile Based On A Nominal Track Voltage Of 630Vdc ........ 32
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Flywheel Energy Storage Relative To Other
Energy Storage Technologies ..................................................................................... 2
Table 2 Typical Combinations Of Electrical Interface Equipment In Flywheels............. 13
Table 3 Major Flywheel Research Groups ....................................................................... 21
Table 4 Summaries Of Costs By Application And Variation Of Technology ................. 34
Table 5 Benefit/Cost Ratio Comparison Based On NPV Assessment. ............................ 36
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