Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com
Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com
Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com
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EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material<br />
2. Status<br />
D-SMES<br />
Today the only <strong>com</strong>mercial SMES product is the D-SMES unit produced by American<br />
Superconduct<strong>or</strong>. The individual, trailer-mounted D-SMES units consist <strong>of</strong> a magnet that<br />
contains 3 MJ <strong>of</strong> st<strong>or</strong>ed energy (see Figure 1). They can deliver 3 MW <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> about 1 second and 8<br />
MVAR continuously. This is ac<strong>com</strong>plished by a PCS that has full 4-quadrant control and uses<br />
IGBT based inverters. There is an instantaneous overload capability <strong>of</strong> 2.3 times continuous<br />
(2.3x) <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> reactive power in the inverter so that the dynamic reactive output can be as high as<br />
18.4 MVAR <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> up to 1 second. Three netw<strong>or</strong>ked systems with a total <strong>of</strong> 9 units have been<br />
installed, as indicated in Table I. An additional unit has been <strong>or</strong>dered.<br />
Table I<br />
Installed D-SMES Units<br />
Installation<br />
Date<br />
Host<br />
Organization<br />
Installation<br />
Location<br />
Installation Purpose<br />
June 2000<br />
July 2000<br />
Wisconsin<br />
Public<br />
Service<br />
Alliant<br />
<strong>Energy</strong><br />
N<strong>or</strong>thern<br />
Wisconsin<br />
Reedsburg, WI<br />
<strong>Transmission</strong> Loop Voltage Stability<br />
- 6 Units, installed at distributed<br />
locations<br />
<strong>Transmission</strong> Voltage Stability<br />
May 2002 Entergy N<strong>or</strong>th Texas Voltage Stability - 2 Units<br />
June 2002<br />
(<strong>or</strong>dered)<br />
BC Hydro Ft. St. James, BC Voltage Sag Protection<br />
Canada<br />
Power Quality <strong>or</strong> µ-SMES<br />
Pri<strong>or</strong> to the development <strong>of</strong> the D-SMES concept, American Superconduct<strong>or</strong> supplied several<br />
small power quality SMES units, which are still operational. Designated “micro”-SMES, these<br />
units have been installed around the w<strong>or</strong>ld in mostly industrial settings to control voltage sag<br />
problems on the electrical grid. These are listed in Table II.<br />
SMES Test and Evaluations<br />
In 1992 the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) issued a request <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong><br />
proposals to build an intermediate sized SMES system <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> a utility application. There was some<br />
consideration/discussion <strong>of</strong> dual use with a military pulsed power application. As finally<br />
released, there was no requirement <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> a military application as part <strong>of</strong> the design. A contract<br />
was awarded to Babcock and Wilcox (B&W) to build and then install a 0.5 MWh, 20 MW plant<br />
in Anch<strong>or</strong>age, Alaska. However, a variety <strong>of</strong> fact<strong>or</strong>s resulted in several changes in direction <strong>of</strong><br />
the program. It eventually evolved into a program <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> BWX Technologies to build a 100 MJ<br />
(0.028 MWh) coil <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong> the National High Magnetic Field Lab<strong>or</strong>at<strong>or</strong>y (NHMFL) in Tallahassee,<br />
Fl<strong>or</strong>ida. This coil is expected to be <strong>com</strong>pleted in 2003 and will be installed at the Center <strong>f<strong>or</strong></strong><br />
SMES Page 10
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