Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or ... - W2agz.com

EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Description..................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Introduction............................................................................................................. 6
1.2. History of Development........................................................................................... 7
1.3. Technology Description........................................................................................... 8
1.4. Technology Attributes ........................................................................................... 10
Capacity .................................................................................................................... 10
Space requirements ................................................................................................... 10
Maintenance requirements........................................................................................ 10
Life............................................................................................................................ 10
Efficiency.................................................................................................................. 11
Response Time.......................................................................................................... 11
Environmental impact............................................................................................... 12
DC Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................... 12
AC Electrical Interconnection................................................................................... 14
2. Status............................................................................................................................. 15
2.1. Licensing................................................................................................................ 15
2.2. Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. ........................................................................ 16
2.3. Vantech (VRB) Technology Corporation.............................................................. 17
2.4. Cellenium Company, Ltd....................................................................................... 18
2.5. Technology Status Summary ................................................................................. 19
3. Applications ................................................................................................................. 21
3.1. Applications Overview. ........................................................................................ 21
3.2. DR/Peak Shaving................................................................................................... 23
Description................................................................................................................ 23
Alternatives............................................................................................................... 23
Control/Dispatch Strategy......................................................................................... 23
Prospects for Success................................................................................................ 24
3.3. Spinning Reserve ................................................................................................... 24
Description................................................................................................................ 24
Alternatives............................................................................................................... 25
Control/Dispatch Strategy......................................................................................... 25
Prospects for Success................................................................................................ 25
3.4. Windfarm Stabilization & Dispatch....................................................................... 25
Description................................................................................................................ 25
Alternatives............................................................................................................... 25
Control/Dispatch Strategy......................................................................................... 26
Prospects for Success................................................................................................ 26
4. Costs and Benefits......................................................................................................... 27
4.1. Overview............................................................................................................... 27
4.2. Costs....................................................................................................................... 27
Capital Costs ............................................................................................................. 27
O&M Costs ............................................................................................................... 29
4.3. Benefits .................................................................................................................. 31
DR/Peak Shaving...................................................................................................... 31
Spinning Reserve ...................................................................................................... 31
Vanadium Redox Battery 3