Annual Report,2009 - Directorate General of Mines Safety

DGMS Annual Report, 2009
working space observed should have brightness preferably not less than one-twentieth
of that of the brightest part. If strictly local lighting is used without adequate general
illumination of the workplace, the figure for brightness contrast will greatly exceed
the standard given above and cause server eye-strain and increases accident hazard.
When the local lighting is used there must be employed in addition a moderate
intensity of overhead lighting uniformly distributed.
Standard of Distribution
Lamps should be so installed in regard to height, spacing, reflectors or other
accessories, as to secure a good distribution of light on the work area, avoiding
objectionable shadows and sharp contrast of intensity. The illumination on the
working plane should be as uniform as possible. The variation range of illumination,
that is to say the ratio of the maximum illumination to the minimum illumination, is a
measure of the distribution of light and should preferably be less than 3 to 1 and not
greater than 4 to 1, as relating to the machinery or work benches as the case may be.
As relating to machinery and adjoining passageways the range may, of course, be
much wider but should preferably not exceed 20 to 1.
Direct Illumination
Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from the lamp, off of the reflector or
reflector diffuser, or through the refractor or diffuser lens, of a luminaries.
Flood or Spotlight
Any light fixture or lamp that incorporates a reflector or a refractor with a diffusing
glass envelop to concentrate the light output into a directed beam in a particular
direction.
Lighting Fixture
The assembly that houses the lamp or lamps and can include all or some of the
following parts.
‣ A housing, a mounting bracket or pole socket, a lamp holder, a ballast, a reflector
or mirror, and/or a refractor or lens.
Full Cut off Light Fixture
A luminaire light distribution where no light is emitted above the horizontal, and
where the intensity at 80 degrees from nadir is no greater than 100 candela per 1000
lamp lumens.
Fully Shielded Light Fixture
A lighting fixture constructed in such a manner, that all light emitted by the fixture,
either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or indirectly by reflection or
refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected below the horizontal as
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