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ICT Project <strong>3D</strong> VIVANT– Deliverable 6.4 Contract no.: 248420 <strong>Display</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> Content on Auto-stereoscopic <strong>Display</strong> 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document presents an update on the display <strong>of</strong> <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong> on commercially available <strong>3D</strong> auto-stereoscopic display systems. Its main objective is to report the work carried out in the context <strong>of</strong> WP6/Task6.2 and to serve as a guideline during the deployment <strong>of</strong> the full parallax <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> display. The report also discusses the procedures for computer generated <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong>. Stereoscopic <strong>3D</strong> displays had been launched on the market by several companies worldwide such as Philips, Sharp, Alioscopy and Newsight Corporation. However, auto-stereoscopic <strong>3D</strong> <strong>content</strong> suffers from the eye fatigue issues. Since <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong> presentation with horizontal parallax can be achieved by using lenticular sheet in association with an LCD. <strong>3D</strong> VIVANT will investigate the possibility <strong>of</strong> presenting <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong> on commercially available auto-stereoscopic displays based on the principles <strong>of</strong> lenticular array. Initial experimentations were carried out on the Philips display. A s<strong>of</strong>tware tool for remapping <strong>of</strong> the <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong> was developed. However the results were unsatisfactory due to lack information regarding the lenticular sheet used in the Philips system. A substantial amount <strong>of</strong> test and adaptations <strong>of</strong> some finding were carried out to find out a solution. The latest experiments were carried out on the Alioscopy <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Display</strong> and a s<strong>of</strong>tware tools was developed to generate <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong> for the display. The results are extremely satisfactory and for the first time it is proved that <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong> can be displayed on commercially available Multi-view auto-stereoscopic displays. 1.2 DELIVERABLE STRUCTURE The rest <strong>of</strong> the document is structured as follows: Section 2 describes <strong>3D</strong> display technologies, mainly focusing on multiview displays and <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> displays. Section 3 provides a brief discussion <strong>of</strong> the computer generation <strong>of</strong> <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong>. Computer generated unidirectional <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> are used to demonstrated the display <strong>of</strong> <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong> on multiview stereo displays. Section 4 describes the investigations carried out in attempt to display <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> <strong>content</strong> on multiview stereo display. A mapping strategy <strong>of</strong> the <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> data <strong>content</strong> on the Alioscopy <strong>3D</strong> mutiview stereo display is discussed and results provided. Section 5 presents some general remarks regarding <strong>3D</strong> holoscopic video displays and summarizes the conclusions drawn for this deliverable. 2. <strong>3D</strong> DISPLAYS 2.1 MULTIVIEW AUTO-STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS The concept <strong>of</strong> using a lenticular lens array together with a multiview stereo image has long been used in <strong>3D</strong> photography both for entertainment and pr<strong>of</strong>essional purposes. The combination <strong>of</strong> a lenticular and an electronic display provides an optically efficient way <strong>of</strong> making an electronic <strong>3D</strong> display which does not require the viewer to wear special glasses. This removes a key barrier to acceptance <strong>of</strong> <strong>3D</strong> displays for everyday use but requires a significant change in approach to <strong>3D</strong> 4
ICT Project <strong>3D</strong> VIVANT– Deliverable 6.4 Contract no.: 248420 <strong>Display</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Holoscopic</strong> Content on Auto-stereoscopic <strong>Display</strong> display design. Auto-stereoscopic displays using micro-optics in combination with an LCD element have become attractive to display designers and several new <strong>3D</strong> display types are now available commercially. Auto-stereoscopic displays have been demonstrated using a range <strong>of</strong> optical elements in combination with an LCD including: • Parallax barriers, optical apertures aligned with columns <strong>of</strong> LCD pixels. • Lenticular optics, cylindrical lenses aligned with columns <strong>of</strong> LCD pixels. Currently there are a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>3D</strong> <strong>Display</strong>s available on the market which uses the combination <strong>of</strong> lenticular optics in combination with LCD panels. Lenticular elements used in <strong>3D</strong> displays are typically cylindrical lenses arranged vertically with respect to a 2D display such as an LCD as shown in figure 1. The cylindrical lenses direct the diffuse light from a pixel so it can only be seen in a limited angle in front <strong>of</strong> the display. In the case <strong>of</strong> two views, this allows different pixels to be directed to either the left or right viewing windows. However such a technology is used for multiview stereo displays to allow freedom <strong>of</strong> viewing <strong>3D</strong> <strong>content</strong> by more than one observer. For example a nine views display will use nine images, which are interlaced to form nine group <strong>of</strong> pixels per lenticular. In this case each pixel in every group <strong>of</strong> nine pixels is directed to a different viewing window. There are several drawbacks to the basic multi-view approach that are particularly apparent when electronic displays are used. The first is there is a black mask between LCD pixels and this is imaged into dark lines between each view window, which is distracting to observers when their eye crosses a window boundary. Also images with any significant depth will result in an image-flipping artefact as the observer moves their eye across one view window and into the next. Finally as more views are used the horizontal resolution <strong>of</strong> the images decreases rapidly. To overcome these problems Philips proposed a new approach to multi-view LCD display. A significant step forward was made by positioning the lenticular array at an angle to the LCD pixel array as shown in figure 2. This mixes adjacent views reducing image flipping problems and spreading the effect <strong>of</strong> the black mask making it less visible. The other benefit <strong>of</strong> this design is that each view has a better aspect ratio, rather than splitting the display horizontally into many views both horizontal and vertical directions are split. 5
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