Leguminous Vegetable Cultivation and Seed Production S ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

m 366 GREEN MANURE IN RICE FARMING Hot water pregermination stress includes soaking seeds for 70 s in 75 'C water and rinsing in tap water prior to determining germination or emergence (Kueneman ( g 82). Kueocooan(] q 83 ) evaluated the F I seeds of reciprocal crosses between soybean genotypes with good and poor seed longevity using the accelerated aging method. He found significant reciprocal differences, and suggested the possible influence of the maternal plant genome on seed longevity. The pooled F 2 variances were larger than pooled parental variances, which indicated the influence of the genotypes. Differences between reciprocals of the F 2 seed, although relatively small compared to those between F, reciprocals, were significant, indicating that cytoplasmic gene action for seed longevity may also be involved, but its effects are probably small. Because of the influence of the maternal plant, expression of segregation is delayed one geoeratioo(Koeoeouau 1983). ` Dassou and Kueneman (1984 ) subjected physiologically mature pods to a weathering technique in an incubator a{30 °C and 90-95 % relative humidity ( RH ) for 10 d. They identified several genotypes resistant to both seed weathering and deterioration in storage ( Table 3 ) . Paschal and Ellis ( 1978 ) reported that genotypes PI 205912, P1 205907, [»[ 341249, PI 279088, and {/1 219653 could be used for breeding soybean with resistance to field weathering and to seed deterioration in storage. An early-maturing variety can be used to avoid weathering damage. In Taiwan, for example, spring soybean is planted in February-March and harvested in roid- May.Hovvovez ` early maturity is not a dependable alternative. In some years, rains may come early and spoil the crop. Manipulating the cropping pattern also can be used to avoid field weathering in the rainy season. In Pakistan, soybean for seed is planted July-August and harvested October-November (Beg 1987). In East Java, Indonesia, lowland and upland soybeans are planted year-round. Seed for the lowland rainy season and dry season Table 3. Genotypes resistant to seed weathering and to deterioration in storage. Genotype Origin 1 00'noed Seed wt (g) color Hard After incubator After ambient seed a weathering storageb I NDO 153 Indonesia IPA DO 131 Indonesia I P4 DO 243P Indonesia 1 WOD226 Indonesia 104 DO 255 Indonesia INDO 173A Indonesia Fort Lamy USA Lee A USA Biloxi 3 China AVRDC 8457 Taiwan 9.7 Black 36.0 54.2 87 10.2 Black 24.6 35.4 92 8.9 Black 17.2 42.9 90 9.3 Black 27.2 46.2 80 10.1 Black 30.6 32.6 91 1 0.8 Black 52.6 32.9 81 10.5 Black 46.6 56.2 80 9.0 Black 62.0 58.5 88 10.5 Black 37.2 50.4 71 6.1 Black 64.0 58.7 77 Source: O0000uond Kueneman 1984. Nonimbibino seed after 1 h soaking in water. humidity. Stored forO mo at 25 0 C and 50 to 95% relative
SEED PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF MUNGBEAN AND SOYBEAN 367 crops comes from the second upland dry season crop. Seed for the second dry season crop comes from the first dry season crop. Only the grain of the rainy season crop is used ( Fig. 3). Similar seed production strategies are used in other countries ( Potan 1987,Sncnarno 1987). Water management. Water management is closely associated with field weathering in both soybean and rnungbcaooeed production ( Huck and Davis 1976, Morton et al 1982). Soybean that undergoes alternate wetting and drying in the field has poor seed quality caused by rapid differential absorption of water by localized tissues in the seed coat (Moore 1971, 1972). Plasmolysis and deplummoo\ysia at different stages of seed development can result in external and internal seed injuries (Min / 1957). Damage caused by on-and-off i ` z* excess moisture also has been observed in rouogbeao(it C. Imrie, pers. comm. ) . Overhead sprinkler irrigation and rain at harvest can cause wetting and drying of pods. Therefore, from the R 5 growth stage on, either flood or furrow irrigation is suggested to obtain good quality seeds. During the dry season, when good quality seeds can be produced, adequate soil moisture at flowering (IR | and R 2 ) and seed filling ( R 5 and R6) ( Fehr and Caviness 1977 ) is essential. Location. Some locations are more suitable for good quality seed production than others. Low relative humidity and cooler temperatures are the two key factors to consider in selecting a location for soybean seed production ( Harrington 1963 ) . Moogbeunis a hot weather crop, but humidity and rainfall should be low for good quality seed production (Morton et al 1982 ) . Locations with a cool, dry season are excellent for soybean seed production. In Pakistan, the cooler foothills of Hazara, Swat, and Parachinar are excellent sites for soybean seed production. Seed Local variety VMS Dry season 1 Dry season 2 Local variety 3. Flow of soybean seed between locations in different seasons in East Java, Indonesia ( source: personal discussions with farmers, extension staff, and researchers ) . The arrows show seed flow.
Page 1 and 2: Leguminous Vegetable Cultivation an
Page 3 and 4: A list of leguminous vegetables com
Page 5 and 6: Table ri beLan cultivars released i
Page 7 and 8: Agricultural Improvement Station (D
Page 9 and 10: At the seedling stage, the crop is
Page 11 and 12: . Use plastic bags to pack the spro
Page 13 and 14: Bacterial pustule can cause yield l
Page 15 and 16: Early varieties can be sown from mi
Page 17 and 18: Seed Production Technology of Beans
Page 19 and 20: staking of the vines. In some place
Page 21 and 22: Proceedings of a symposium on susta
Page 23 and 24: Contents Foreword Symposium recomme
Page 25 and 26: Seed pro u t on and mana e ent of .
Page 27 and 28: SEED PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF M
Page 29: SEED PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF M
Page 37 and 38: . SEED PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF
Page 39: SEED PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF M

Leguminous Vegetable Cultivation and Seed Production S ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?