Leguminous Vegetable Cultivation and Seed Production S ...
Leguminous Vegetable Cultivation and Seed Production S ... Leguminous Vegetable Cultivation and Seed Production S ...
Role of green manure in low-input farming in the humid tropics J. van der Heide Transformation of green manure nitrogen in lowland rice soils S. Nagarajah Green manure management in rice-based cropping systems O.P. Meelu and R.A. Morris Measurement of nitrogen fixation in crop and shrub legumes 223 M.B. Peoples, D.F. Herridge, and F.J. Bergersen ACIAR-sponsored legume research 239 E.S. Wallis and D.E. Byth Effect of green manure on rice soil fertility in the United States 257 M.P. Westcott and D.S. Mikkelsen Effect of green manure on physicochemical properties of irrigated rice soils 275 Wen Qixiao and Yu Tianren INTEGRATED USE OF LEGUMES Annual legumes for food and as green manure in a rice-based cropping system 289 K.R. Kulkarni and R.K. Pandey Use of perennial legumes in Asian farming systems 301 P.K.RrNair Integrated use of green manure in ricefields in South China 319 Liu Chungchu Use of green manure in rice farming systems in West and Northwest Cameroon 333 A.C. Roy, S.B.C. Wanki, and J.A. Takow GERMPLASM COLLECTION AND SEED PRODUCTION Collection and evaluation of tropical legume germplasm 343 R. Schultze-Kraft Seed production and management of mungbean and soybean 359 S. Shanmugasundaram Participants 376 209 193 185
Seed pro u t on and mana e ent of .ungb an n soybean S. Shanmugasundaram The seed requirement to plant the world mungbean area is estimated to be around 68,000 t; for soybean, it is ,156,000t. Current seed supplies cannot meet that demand. The need to produce sufficient quality seeds in mungbean and soybean is emphasized and preharvest and postharvest seed production problems discussed. Future directions for seed production are examined in the context of innovative concepts and procedures in plant breeding. In early agriculture, people grew crops primarily for food.. Each season, they saved some grain as seed for the next crop. Today, farmers in many countries still follow that age-old practice. In choosing seeds for the next planting, farmers select only the best (Chin 1969). Mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. form important constituents of human food and animal feed. It is estimated that worldwide mungbean production amounts to about 1.4 million t harvested from about 3.4 million ha (Shanmugasundaram and Poehlman 1988). Seed rate for planting varies with seed size, percentage of germination, and desired plant population density (Morton et al 1982). However, 68,000 t of seeds are required to satisfy the need of 3.4 million ha of mungbean production. Assuming an average seed rate of 20 kg/ha, about 113,333 ha of land is needed to produce 600 kg good quality seed/ha. In 1985, 52.6 million ha were planted to soybean (Table 1), about 49% of the area in North and Central America, 27% in South America, and 20% in Asia. With an average seed rate of 60 kg/ ha, it is estimated that 3,156,000 t of seeds are needed. About 2,104,000 ha of land is required to produce an average 1.5 t good quality seed/ ha. The objective in seed production is to maximize the production of seed with suitable germination capacity (Bowring et al 1978). In the United States in 1983, certified soybean seed was produced on 387,445 ha, 36% of the total soybean area. The soybean seed requirement in Thailand was 7,000 t in 1983, but the government produced only 980 t (Potan 1987). In Indonesia, only 30% of the total area is planted with seeds of improved cultivars (Djauhari et al 1984).
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Role of green manure in low-input farming in the humid tropics<br />
J. van der Heide<br />
Transformation of green manure nitrogen in lowl<strong>and</strong> rice soils<br />
S. Nagarajah<br />
Green manure management in rice-based cropping systems<br />
O.P. Meelu <strong>and</strong> R.A. Morris<br />
Measurement of nitrogen fixation in crop <strong>and</strong> shrub legumes 223<br />
M.B. Peoples, D.F. Herridge, <strong>and</strong> F.J. Bergersen<br />
ACIAR-sponsored legume research 239<br />
E.S. Wallis <strong>and</strong> D.E. Byth<br />
Effect of green manure on rice soil fertility in the United States 257<br />
M.P. Westcott <strong>and</strong> D.S. Mikkelsen<br />
Effect of green manure on physicochemical properties of irrigated rice<br />
soils 275<br />
Wen Qixiao <strong>and</strong> Yu Tianren<br />
INTEGRATED USE OF LEGUMES<br />
Annual legumes for food <strong>and</strong> as green manure in a rice-based cropping<br />
system 289<br />
K.R. Kulkarni <strong>and</strong> R.K. P<strong>and</strong>ey<br />
Use of perennial legumes in Asian farming systems 301<br />
P.K.RrNair<br />
Integrated use of green manure in ricefields in South China 319<br />
Liu Chungchu<br />
Use of green manure in rice farming systems in West <strong>and</strong> Northwest<br />
Cameroon 333<br />
A.C. Roy, S.B.C. Wanki, <strong>and</strong> J.A. Takow<br />
GERMPLASM COLLECTION AND SEED<br />
PRODUCTION<br />
Collection <strong>and</strong> evaluation of tropical legume germplasm 343<br />
R. Schultze-Kraft<br />
<strong>Seed</strong> production <strong>and</strong> management of mungbean <strong>and</strong> soybean 359<br />
S. Shanmugasundaram<br />
Participants 376<br />
209<br />
193<br />
185
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