TURKEY Change (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 98/2002 2001/02 Advertising revenues (Turkish Lira billion) * Dailies 105,000 140,000 229,500 262,900 382,500 264.29 45.49 Dailies § 414,074 334,863 354,362 262,900 280,631 -32.23 6.74 Sales revenues (Turkish Lira billion) ** Dailies 149,720 145,000 366,230 492,136 390,165 160.6 -20.72 Dailies § 590,430 346,823 565,482 492,136 286,255 -51.52 -41.83 Volume <strong>of</strong> display advertising sold (pages) Total 46,150 36,038 33,904 42,632 45,607 -1.18 6.98 In colour 18,000 16,767 21,098 14,631 17,370 -3.50 18.72 6RXUFHÃ%LOHúLPÃ$GH[Ã5HVHDUFKÃ5HSRUWV § at constant 2001 prices * Figures include classifieds and inserts ** Figures include VAT Type <strong>of</strong> newspaper sales (%) Single Home copy deliveries 1998 90 10 1999 90 10 2000 92 8 2001 90 10 2002 87.2 12.8 Source: Bilesim Adex Research 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Dailies: Advertising and sales revenues at current and constant 2001 prices (Lira billion) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Current Current Advertising revenues Constant Constant Sales revenues Type <strong>of</strong> newspaper sales in 2002 (%) Home deliveries 12.8% Single copy 87.2% Top ten dailies (2002) Circulation Readership Cover Price Full page rate (US$) Title Publisher (000) (000) TL US$ Format Mono Colour Hurriyet + UUL\HWÃ*D]HWHFLOLNÃYHÃ0DWEÃ$ù 470 1,740 300,000 0.24 Broadsheet 114,900 196,000 Posta Simge Yayincilik 451 1,480 200,000 0.16 Broadsheet 100,000 142,800 Sabah Sabah Yayincilik 407 1,580 300,000 0.24 Broadsheet 88,500 110,700 Milliyet Milliyet Gazetecilik 314 1,269 200,000 0.16 Broadsheet 104,000 175,000 Vatan %D÷LPVL]Ã*D]Ã
TURKEY ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE & ECONOMIC DATA Main economic indicators 1994-2000 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1 US$= 625,219 Turkish Lira at 2001 rate Gross Domestic Product (TL trillion) at current prices 7,762 14,772 28,836 52,225 77,415 124,982 178,699 % change 100.7 90.3 95.2 81.1 48.2 61.4 43.0 at 2001 prices 122,609 129,383 135,983 133,384 185,167 192,980 178,699 % change 6.7 5.5 5.1 -1.9 38.8 4.2 -7.4 Gross Domestic Product per capita (TL million) at current prices 128.1 240.1 461.7 823.9 1,203.2 1,854.9 2,604.6 at 2001 prices 2,022.9 2,102.8 2,177.1 2,104.2 2,878.0 2,864.1 2,604.6 Population Millions 60.6 61.5 62.5 63.4 64.3 67.4 68.6 Consumer Price Index 2001=100 6.3 11.4 21.2 39.2 41.8 64.8 100.0 %change 88.1 80.3 85.7 84.6 64.9 54.9 54.4 Ad.spend as a % <strong>of</strong> GDP 0.38 0.40 0.51 0.46 0.51 0.54 0.38 Advertising Expenditure Growth (%) at current prices 106.8 102.6 146.8 65.1 63.5 69.7 0.9 at 2001 prices 9.9 12.3 32.9 -10.6 -0.8 9.6 -34.7 Source: IFS, ZenithOptimedia Advertising expenditure (TL billion, in current prices) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 <strong>Newspapers</strong> 11,800 22,910 52,765 95,600 140,000 229,500 252,471 476,086 616,690 774,792 902,289 Magazines 1,300 2,490 5,735 10,400 25,000 42,300 30,640 50,114 74,428 95,623 121,245 Television 11,500 25,030 60,000 98,500 166,000 284,500 284,336 Radio 1,700 3,160 8,000 15,000 25,500 47,400 45,347 Cinema 600 1,390 9,500 3,500 5,500 8,200 6,128 Outdoor 2,300 4,170 10,000 18,000 32,000 56,900 55,151 Internet 0 0 0 0 0 0 613 Total 29,200 59,150 146,000 241,000 394,000 668,800 674,686 1,289,107 1,696,535 2,123,322 2,526,974 Source: 1995-2001 Advertising Agencies <strong>Association</strong>, 2002-2005 ZenithOptimedia Notes: Includes agency commission and classified, excludes production costs, after discounts Research Circulation is audited by: Basin Ilan Kurumu Readership is measured by: BIAK (Taylor Nelson S<strong>of</strong>res PIAR) Methodology: Daily data collection through face-to-face interviews with a representative sample <strong>of</strong> 36,000 people in 19 cities each year. Taxes VAT on: sales 1% advertising 18% newsprint 8% plant 0 (standard VAT rate 18%) There is a 0.6% stamp tax on every written contract. All companies now pay 33% tax on pr<strong>of</strong>its, regardless <strong>of</strong> ownership. Each municipality sets its own tax on bill-posting. There are more than 7,800 municipalities. If a tax incentive is granted for an investment project, the total amount spent can be deducted from that year’s pr<strong>of</strong>it. A rate <strong>of</strong> 10.7% is applicable for the deducted amount. If the project cost is more than the related year’s pr<strong>of</strong>it, the deduction can be taken from the next year’s pr<strong>of</strong>it. Subsidies If a newspaper company buys new equipment which is at least 50% domestically produced, the 17% VAT is waived. Discounts on: post 0 rail 0 telephone 0 telegraph 0 telex 0 Ownership Does any law exist governing publishing-house ownership, or the registration <strong>of</strong> shares in newspaper-publishing companies No specific law governing publishing ownership exists in Turkey. All Turkish corporate laws apply to publishing houses, though. Is there any law prohibiting or restricting foreign companies or individuals from owning shares, and in particular, the majority <strong>of</strong> shares, <strong>of</strong> domestic daily newspapers As a rule there are no restricting laws. In fact, incentives are given for foreign investment in any sector, with the exception <strong>of</strong> periodical publishing. According to Article 7/5 or the Press Law, non- Turkish investors must have permission from the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Interior Affairs to own or publish a periodical in Turkey. Is there any law prohibiting daily newspaper or periodical publishers from operating radio or television stations in the same locality Newspaper publishers can own up to 20% <strong>of</strong> radio and TV channels. So as to guarantee disclosure and transparency in the capital structure and to avert silent partnerships, is there a law or rule making it possible to determine who actually owns a publishing company According to the Turkish Commercial Code, ownership <strong>of</strong> registered shares should be announced, but the ownership <strong>of</strong> bearer shares may be kept secret. The law has no specific provision for publishing companies. Is there an antitrust law limiting concentration in the daily press No Is further regulation <strong>of</strong> media concentration expected Regulation <strong>of</strong> media concentration is being discussed in political circles, but nothing has been put forward as legislation. <strong>WORLD</strong> ASSOCIATION OF NEWSPAPERS - <strong>WORLD</strong> <strong>PRESS</strong> <strong>TRENDS</strong> 2003 283
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WORLD PRESS TRENDS 2003 EDITION 25
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CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: OVERALL STATIST
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CHAPTER ONE OVERALL STATISTICS
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ADVERTISING REVENUE SHARES 1998 (%)
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TITLES AND CIRCULATIONS Change (%)
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DAILIES DAILIES: COUNTRIES OF TOP 1
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TITLES DAILIES NUMBER OF TITLES/ADU
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CIRCULATION DAILIES AVERAGE CIRCULA
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ANNUAL SALES DAILIES CHANGE IN TOTA
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ADVERTISING REVENUES DAILIES CHANGE
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SALES REVENUES DAILIES CHANGE IN SA
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TITLES NON-DAILIES NUMBER OF TITLES
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CIRCULATION NON-DAILIES AVERAGE CIR
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ANNUAL SALES NON-DAILIES CHANGE IN
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SALES REVENUES NON-DAILIES NON-DAIL
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TITLES SUNDAYS NUMBER OF TITLES/ADU
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CIRCULATION SUNDAYS AVERAGE CIRCULA
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ADVERTISING/SALES REVENUES SUNDAYS
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CIRCULATION FREE PAPERS NUMBER OF T
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ANNUAL SALES FREE PAPERS FREE PAPER
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DISTRIBUTION Report on world-wide p
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DISTRIBUTION Territorial exclusivit
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CHAPTER TWO COUNTRY REPORTS
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ARGENTINA Type of newspaper sales i
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ARMENIA Commentary - IREX/ProMedia
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ARMENIA MORE FACTS Type of newspape
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AUSTRALIA * Change (%) 1998 1999 20
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AUSTRALIA ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE &
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Commentary - Verband Österreichisc
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AUSTRIA NUMBER OF TITLES AND CIRCUL
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AUSTRIA Main economic indicators 19
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MORE FACTS AZERBAIJAN Top ten daili
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BELGIUM MORE FACTS Change (%) 1998
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BELGIUM Advertising expenditure (Eu
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BRAZIL MORE FACTS Change (%) 1999 2
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BRAZIL Research Circulation is audi
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BULGARIA Change (%) 1998 1999 2000
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CAMEROON Due to a lack of available
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CANADA Commentary - CNA There are c
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CANADA Top ten advertising categori
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CHILE Commentary - Asociación Naci
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CHILE CROSS MEDIA OWNERSHIP Owners
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CHINA The management of newspapers
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CHINA Top dailies (2002) Circulatio
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COLOMBIA POPULATION Population by a
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COLOMBIA Online readership (no. of
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COSTA RICA Commentary - Grupo Naci
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COSTA RICA Internet publishing (No.
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CROATIA Commentary - Zagreb Univers
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CROATIA Top ten dailies (2002) Circ
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POPULATION CYPRUS Due to a lack of
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CYPRUS Main economic indicators 199
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CZECH REPUBLIC NUMBER OF TITLES AND
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CZECH REPUBLIC CROSS MEDIA OWNERSHI
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DENMARK Commentary - Danish Newspap
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DENMARK Top ten dailies (2002) Circ
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EAST TIMOR POPULATION Population Al
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ESTONIA MORE FACTS Distribution and
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ESTONIA Advertising expenditure (Kr
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FINLAND NUMBER OF TITLES AND CIRCUL
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FINLAND Advertising expenditure (Eu
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FRANCE MORE FACTS Change (%) 1998 1
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FRANCE Main economic indicators 199
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GERMANY POPULATION Population All i
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GERMANY Top ten publishing companie
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GERMANY In the press sector, a plan
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GREECE Change (%) 1998 1999 2000 20
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GREECE Research Readership is measu
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HONG KONG Top ten advertising categ
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HUNGARY MORE FACTS Change (%) 1998
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HUNGARY Research Circulation is aud
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ICELAND Type of newspaper sales (%)
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INDIA The INS Press Handbook has be
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INDIA Main economic indicators 1995
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INDONESIA MORE FACTS Change (%) 199
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IRELAND Commentary - Cullen Communi
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IRELAND NUMBER OF TITLES AND CIRCUL
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IRELAND Distribution and newsprint
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ISRAEL POPULATION Population by age
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ITALY Commentary - FIEG Italy is in
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ITALY Top ten dailies (2002) Circul
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ITALY The older scheme for assistin
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JAPAN MORE FACTS Change (%) 1998 19
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JAPAN Main economic indicators 1995
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KENYA Top dailies (2001) Circulatio
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KYRGYZSTAN Due to a lack of availab
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KYRGYZSTAN Research Circulation is
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LATVIA Type of newspaper sales (%)
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LATVIA Advertising expenditure (Lat
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LEBANON MORE FACTS Change (%) 1998
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LITHUANIA POPULATION Population by
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LITHUANIA ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE &
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LUXEMBOURG Change (%) 1998 1999 200
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LUXEMBOURG Research Circulation is
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MACEDONIA Top ten publishing compan
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MALAYSIA Commentary - Macomm The Ma
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MALAYSIA ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE &
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MEXICO Commentary - El Universal Th
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MEXICO Top ten publishing companies
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MOLDOVA Commentary - Association de
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MONGOLIA POPULATION Population by a
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MONGOLIA Top ten advertising catego
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NETHERLANDS Commentary- Dutch Newsp
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NETHERLANDS Change (%) 1998 1999 20
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NETHERLANDS Advertising expenditure
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NEW ZEALAND NUMBER OF TITLES AND CI
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NEW ZEALAND Is there any law prohib
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NORWAY MORE FACTS 9,000 8,000 7,000
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PAKISTAN Due to a lack of available
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PERU POPULATION Population by age a
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POPULATION PHILIPPINES Due to a lac
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POLAND Commentary - Polish Chamber
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POLAND Change (%) 1999 2000 2001 20
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POLAND must register as enterprises
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PORTUGAL MORE FACTS Change (%) 1997
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POPULATION ROMANIA Due to a lack of
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RUSSIA POPULATION Population by age
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- Page 237 and 238: SERBIA-MONTENEGRO POPULATION Popula
- Page 239 and 240: SINGAPORE POPULATION Adult populati
- Page 241 and 242: SINGAPORE ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE &
- Page 243 and 244: SLOVAKIA Working population by soci
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- Page 247 and 248: SLOVENIA Commentary - CATI Slovenia
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- Page 251 and 252: SOUTH AFRICA Newspaper colour capab
- Page 253 and 254: SOUTH KOREA Due to a lack of availa
- Page 255 and 256: SOUTH KOREA ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE
- Page 257 and 258: SPAIN NUMBER OF TITLES AND CIRCULAT
- Page 259 and 260: SPAIN Main economic indicators 1995
- Page 261 and 262: SRI LANKA Top dailies (2002) Circul
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- Page 265 and 266: SWEDEN Change (%) 1998 1999 2000 20
- Page 267 and 268: SWEDEN ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE & EC
- Page 269 and 270: SWITZERLAND Commentary - Schweizer
- Page 271 and 272: SWITZERLAND Top ten dailies (2002)
- Page 273 and 274: SWITZERLAND ii. home, and b. in whi
- Page 275 and 276: TAIWAN Working population by social
- Page 277 and 278: TAIWAN Research No independent orga
- Page 279 and 280: TANZANIA NUMBER OF TITLES AND CIRCU
- Page 281 and 282: TANZANIA Main economic indicators 1
- Page 283 and 284: THAILAND Top ten advertising catego
- Page 285: TURKEY POPULATION Adult population
- Page 289 and 290: UGANDA Top ten advertisers (2001) A
- Page 291 and 292: UK POPULATION Population by age and
- Page 293 and 294: UK Classified vs display revenue (%
- Page 295 and 296: UK CROSS MEDIA OWNERSHIP Owners Reg
- Page 297 and 298: UKRAINE Commentary - Mikhail Veisbe
- Page 299 and 300: UKRAINE Contribution of classified
- Page 301 and 302: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Due to a l
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- Page 305 and 306: URUGUAY Change (%) 1998 1999 2000 2
- Page 307 and 308: CHAPTER THREE QUICK REFERENCE
- Page 309 and 310: QUICK REFERENCE OTHER TAXES on on o
- Page 311 and 312: QUICK REFERENCE TRANSPORT & TELECOM
- Page 313 and 314: CONTACTS Association/Company Countr
- Page 315 and 316: WORLD ASSOCIATION OF NEWSPAPERS - W