Annual Report 2011-2012 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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EBIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUT 1946 OF PALAEOBOTANY Annual Report 2011-2012 Project—Late Pleistocene palynochronostratigraphy in north-eastern part of Cauvery Delta: Implication in palaeoclimatic sea-level studies (Sponsored by DST, New Delhi, No. SR/S4/ES-264/2007, dated 30.09.2008) Palynological, geochemical and fresh water thecamoebian study of 5 sediment cores (2-5 m) from Pichavaram estuary, TSpettai and Coleroon estuary is continued which show 2 major phases of climate and relative sea level changes (Phase I- ~5.0-2.0 kyrs: increased diversity of mangroves, strengthened monsoon; Phase II- ~since1.0 kyrs: low diversity of mangroves, weakened monsoon) since ~5000 kyrs. The mangroves in Pichavaram estuary has existed since ~3500 kyrs revealing either subsidence or no delta progradation during this period. However, the evidence of mangroves and other marine forms show middle Holocene (5-6 kyrs) shoreline extending 12-20 km inland from the present estuary. These changes are attributed to deltaic progradation induced by fall in relative sea level since then. During the last millennium the deterioration in the qualitative and quantitative palynological result from different sites in the studied area is perhaps due to estuarine configurational changes enhanced by geomorphology, climate and anthropogenic pressure. In addition, 52 river bed samples are collected along the coastal areas in north-eastern Cauvery delta during the field work. Revised and finalized a manuscript on ‘Upper Pennsylvanian lycopsids from interglacial taphoflora of Itararé Group, Paraná Basin, Brazil’. The Pennsylvanian lycopods of the Itararé Group are represented by diverse megafossils, megaspores and microspores. The lycopsid megafossils are described from the third interglacial level of the palaeofloristic succession of the Itararé Group in the northeastern border of the Paraná Basin, from the type locality Volpe ranch, in Monte Mor municipality, SP. The megafossils belong to the taxa Bumbudendron millani, Bumbudendron cf. B. paganzianum, Brasilodendron pedroanum, Brasilodendron sp., Leptophloeum cf. L. sanctae-helenae, and Cyclodendron sp. The diversity and abundance of the megafossils (sometimes forming coal beds in a glacial context) indicates climatic ameliorations of an interglacial phase of the “time Itararé”. They represent palaeoecological hydrohygrophyllous communities of a fluviatile-lacustrine depositional environment. The biostratigraphical distribution of these taxa and their association with Paranocladus, Ginkgophyllum and Buriadia suggests a palaeofloristic correlation with the Krauselcladus - Asterotheca Phytozone of northwestern Argentinean palaeofloristic zonation. The lycophytic megaspores recorded earlier from this level suggest a diachronic correlation with the Permian Talchir and Karharbari associations of Indian Gondwanan flora. Comparison with late Paleozoic lycopsids and associated megaspores of Argentina and India are in consonance with the modern studies aiming to achieve knowledge of Gondwana biostratigraphy in a wider perspective. Also finalized a manuscript on ‘Pennsylvanian megaspores from northeastern border of the Paraná Basin, Brazil: Correlation with Indian Gondwana megaspores’. Rajni Tewari (with Sandra E. Mune & Mary E.C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira) A manuscript on ‘Stratigraphic ranges of dinoflagellate cysts from Cretaceous petroliferous basins of India and Brazil’ has been finalized. 1. Rhizophora apiculata, 2. Rhizophora mucronata, 3. Sonneratia apetala, 4. Sonneratia caseolaris, 5. Avicennia marina, 6. Excoecaria agallocha 48 Anjum Farooqui & Jyoti Srivastava Project—Palaeobotanical studies on Indian and Brazilian sedimentary basins with special reference to marine dinoflagellate cysts, Gondwana flora and their applications (Sponsored by DST, New Delhi, No. DST/INT/Brazil/RPO-24/2007, dated 22.01.2009 & CNPq, Brazil) N.C. Mehrotra & Rajni Tewari (with Mitsuru Arai, Maria Judite Garcia & Mary E.C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira Finalized the paper on Monte Mor locality of Parana Basin, Brazil and submitted. Palynological contents of the Monte Mor taphoflora was restudied in surface samples from the upper and lower levels of the coal beds and its interval palynozone position has been reinterpreted and revised. On the basis of presence of Crucisaccites monoletus, Divarisaccus spp., Faunipollenites (=Protohaploxypinus) amplus, Faunipollenites sp., www.bsip.res.in
EBIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUT Annual Report 2011-2012 1946 OF PALAEOBOTANY Scheuringipollenites maximus, Platysaccus sp. and Scheuringipollenites maximus in the recovered microflora it is suggested that Monte Mor palynoflora belongs to Crucisaccites monoletus Interval Zone, which is contrary to the earlier studies which indicated that the Monte Mor palynoassemblage belongs to Ahrensisporites cristatus Interval Zone. Also processing of further samples from Santa Catrina State of Brazil has been done for recovery of palynomorphs. Neerja Jha (with Mary E.C. Bernandes-de-Oliveira, Sandra E. Mune & N.C. Mehrotra Project—Palaeobiological studies from the Ganga Basin and their biostratigraphic correlation with the pre-Tertiaries type sections of Garhwal Himalaya (Sponsored by ONGC, No. BLKM/Ganga/09-10/BSIP) A 250 pages report on the palaeobiological aspect has been prepared and finalized for submission to ONGC. N. C. Mehrotra, Rupendra Babu & V.K. Singh [& P.K. Maithy & G. Kumar] In continuation of Ganga Basin project, processed samples of Himalayan Foot Hills, Vindhyan Supergroup and Krol Belt of Himalaya. The preliminary report of Himalayan Foot Hill samples has been submitted to Frontier Basins, ONGC. N. C. Mehrotra & Rupendra Babu [& N.K. Verma, R. Bhoj, A. Nautiyal & U.C. Pradhan (ONGC, Dehradun)] Project—Biofacies analysis of Palaeogene and Neogene carbonate sediments in India with special reference to calcareous algae (CSIR JRF (NET) Fellowship, CSIR Grant No. 09/528 (0016)/2009-EMR- I). Facies characterization and growth-form, taphonomic and palaeoenvironmental analyses have been completed from the Guitar Formation, Car Nicobar. Five different kinds of biofacies viz., coral-coralline algae grain stone, nummulitic grainstone, foraminiferal-coralline algal wackestone-packstone, foraminiferal-coralline algal grainstone and coralline algal bound stone have been reported. Palaeodiversity and growth-form analysis has been carried out from the Long Formation, Little Andaman Island (Hut Bay). Biostatistical approach of Shannon- Weaver Index is being applied to find numerical probability and equitability indices of the coralline algal populations from the Middle Miocene. The finalization of work is in progress. Proximity of coral reefs and calcareous algae is being studied from the Andaman Islands. A field work has been carried out. Transect and quadrate methods have been applied during the field Sporolithon sp. from Serravallian sediments of Little Andaman (Hut Bay) survey to deduce the taxonomy of corals and calcareous algae. Special emphasis has been given to the prospective management practices for coral reef conservation and invasion ecology in relation to algae-coral interaction. Suman Sarkar & A.K. Ghosh Project— Studies on Quaternary vegetation, climate change and human habitation in the Central Ganga Plain (Sponsored by DST, No. SR/WOS-A/ES-18/2009) Carried out pollen analysis of 10 surface samples from Bari Tal, Lucknow district (Central Ganga Plain). The pollen assemblage depicts the dominance of nonarboreals and relatively low frequencies of arboreals (tree & shrubs). The tree taxa encompassing Acacia, Madhuca indica, Holoptelea, Syzygium, etc. are extremely sporadic, reflecting thereby their poor presence in the local floristic coupled with entomophilous mode of pollination. The ground flora is characterized by the preponderance of Poaceae followed by Cheno/Am, Brassicaceae, Xanthium, Cyperaceae and Polygonum plebeium in moderate values. The representation of these taxa in the pollen spectra reflects a close coherence with their presence in the local vegetation. Fungal remains, viz. Glomus, Tetraploa, Nigrospora, etc., are also frequent. Accomplished chemical processing of a 2.8 m deep sediment profile from Bari Tal, Lucknow district. The preliminary pollen analytical studies has shown the presence of open vegetation comprising grasses, sedges, Cheno/Am, Asteraceae with scanty presence of a few trees, viz. Madhuca indica, Holoptelea, Syzygium, Meliaceae, etc. The pollen analysis of the sediment profile is in progress. Anjali Trivedi www.bsip.res.in 49
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Contents Foreword .................
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Foreword The Birbal Sahni Institute
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Annual Report 2011-2012 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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