Annual Report 2011-2012 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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EBIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUT 1946 OF PALAEOBOTANY Annual Report 2011-2012 Project 3.5: Palynostratigraphy and patterns of evolution in palynoflora in Damodar Basin The study of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic palynomorphs in the borecores from the north-central and eastern parts of the Raniganj Coalfield includes Barakar, Barren Measures (bore-holes RJS-2 & RT-4), Panchet and Rajmahal formations (bore-hole RRK-1). Present review is aimed to establish the age correlation of Barren Measures and Panchet formations in the studied area. As a result, strata equitable to the Raniganj Formation have been proved to be in the Barren Measures Formation. Thus, based on the result of palynodating, lithologically delimited Barren Measures Formation is inferred as the time- transgressive deposit. Similarly, infratrappean sediments are recognized in the uppermost part of the Panchet Formation which in turn re-defines the status of the Panchet Formation. To conclude with the unrecognized unconformity in the Barren Measures and Panchet formations has been identified, thus featuring it in the litho-packages for the first time. In addition, compiled the data of spores from Indian Permian succession, which provides comprehensive information in different coal-bearing sedimentary basins. This will be continued frequently for morpho-taxonomy and dating of strata. Vijaya (superannuated w.e.f. 30.09.2011) & Srikanta Murthy Cenozoic Palaeofloristics Group Project 4.1: Tertiary floristics of Rajasthan and Gujarat A fossil fruit wing of Shorea of the Dipterocarpaceae has been investigated and a manuscript on the same is finalized. Besides, two manuscripts based on fossil woods are also finalized. The first one describes a fossil wood of Gluta (Anacardiaceae) from the Early Eocene of Gujarat, while the other one includes the woods of Terminalia (Combretaceae) and Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae) from the Neogene of the Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan. In addition, collected a large number of leaf and fruit impressions from various Tertiary localities of Bikaner and Barmer districts of Rajasthan. These specimens are first cleared and then photographed and their study is under progress. J.S. Guleria (superannuated w.e.f. 31.05.2010), R.C. Mehrotra & Anumeha Shukla Project 4.2: Floristics (Megafossil) of Deccan Intertrappean beds of India Anatomical details of well-preserved dicotyledonous wood, resembling extant genus Corchorus L. (Jute) of the extended family Malvaceae (subfamily Grewioideae), has been studied from the Deccan Intertrappean sediments of Jhargad, Yavatmal district, Maharashtra. The genus is herbaceous to shrubby and native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world (pantropical). Further work is under progress to confirm its identification. Besides, number of dicot woods studied from the same locality belongs to already known genera, namely Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) and Ailanthus (Simarubaceae). Their presence signifies that the climate was tropical with plenty of rainfall during the period of deposition. Studied a number of palm leaves collected from Dindori and Seoni districts of Madhya Pradesh. They are assigned to two fossil palm leaf genera, viz. Amesoneuron and Sabalites. In one specimen few structures seems to 14 be inflorescence. Further work is being done to finalize the result. In addition, extensive collections have been made from number of Deccan Intertrappean localities of MP and Maharashtra. Fossil woods and fruits from newly discovered locality (Dhangaon) in Mandla district, and fossil woods (mainly palms) and fruit from Binori Reserve Forest, Ghansor circle, Seoni district have been collected. Large numbers of dicotyledonous woods from Kathotiya village, Dindori district have also been collected from newly digged well section. Woods are recovered from 10-12 ft below the surface. While in Khajri village, big logs of palms are observed. Few woods and chert pieces are also collected from Jhargad near Jhadgaon village in Yavatmal district. Betul-Multai area is extensively surveyed for the first time. The area is not rich in fossils. Few palm roots, woods and Physa princepii are observed. Rashmi Srivastava www.bsip.res.in
EBIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUT Project 4.3: Annual Report 2011-2012 Cenozoic floral changes in northeast India vis-à-vis movement of the Indian Plate 1946 OF PALAEOBOTANY About 15 specimens of a fossil leaf from the Late Palaeocene sediments of Nangwalbibra near Williamnagar, East Garo Hills district, Meghalaya has been investigated. They have been tentatively assigned to the Family Convolvulaceae. A few palm leaves collected from the Makum Coalfield, Assam have also been investigated and a paper on the same is finalized. Their presence, along with the other known fossil records indicates that CMMT (cold month mean temperature) was not less than 18ºC with plenty of rainfall, in the region during the period of deposition. A number of leaf and fruit impressions have been collected from the Oligocene sediments of Makum Coalfield. They are cleared and photographed. A manuscript on the oldest leaf of Semecarpus (Anacardiaceae) from the coalfield is finalized. Based on the distribution of its modern comparable forms, it may be inferred that warm and humid climate was prevailing in northeast India during the deposition of the sediments. R.C. Mehrotra & Gaurav Srivastava Project 4.4: Tertiary floristics of South India Compiled data on plant megafossils (carbonized woods, petrified woods, leaves, fruits, seeds) recovered from Neyveli (Tamil Nadu), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Bahur Basin (Pondicherry), and Cochin, Cannanore, Payangadi and Warkala (Kerala). Anil Agarwal (superannuated w.e.f. 31.07.2009) Project 4.5: Study on Tertiary plant megafossils of north-west Himalaya Fossil leaf impressions and two fruits (one fabaceous and another yet to be identified) from the sediments of Kasauli and nearby road sections, Himachal Pradesh have been studied. J.S. Guleria (superannuated w.e.f. 31.05.2010) & Rashmi Srivastava Project 4.6: Sub-Himalayan floral diversity and its palaeoclimatic and stratigraphic implications Fossilized fruits collected from Lower Siwalik sediments of Tanakpur area, Uttarakhand has been studied in detail and identified with their modern taxa. They have been referred to 4 new form species– Humboldtia miocenica, Wagatia miospicata, Dalbergia tanakpurensis and Derris trifoliate of the family Fabaceae. Their modern comparable taxa suggest the prevalence of tropical evergreen to moist deciduous forest in the Tanakpur area during Middle Miocene period. In addition, a variety of plant fossils (petrified woods, leaf & fruit impressions) and palynological samples have been collected from the Siwalik sediments of Tanakpur and nearby area in Champawat district. Several fossil leaves have been collected from the Siwalik group of India Fabaceous fossil fruit from Siwalik (Mio-Pliocene) of Tanakpur Fossil leaf (Paranephelium xestophyllum) www.bsip.res.in 15
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