Annual Report 2011-2012 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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EBIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUT 1946 OF PALAEOBOTANY Annual Report 2011-2012 NE of Sarangarh township. The assemblage represents well-preserved population of both sphaeromorphic and few acanthomorphic acritarchs along with low amount of cyanobacterial remains. The recovered acritarchs are sphaeromorphs (simple & ornamented in nature) followed by very few acanthomorphs (spinated) belonging to Spheromorphitae, Netromorphitae, Herkomorphitae and Acanthomorphitae subgroups. The cyanobacterial remains represent solitary and colonies of sphaeroidal cells and unbranched trichomes both septate/aseptate with/without mucilaginous sheath resembles with the extant forms belonging to Nematomorphitae subgroup of cyanobacteria. Chemically processed shale samples of Charmuria Formation of Raipur Group, crop out in a nala near Amlipali village have yielded moderately well-preserved assemblage of sphaeromorphic acritarchs followed by less amount of cyanobacterial remains. Dominance of sphaeromorphic acritarchs particularly the species of genus Leiosphaeridia in the assemblage suggesting Early Neoproterozoic age for the fossiliferous unit. Finalized the study of rich and well-diverse assemblage of organic walled microfossils comprising 27 genera (16 acritarchs, 10 algae and single VSM) yielded from the heterolithic shale unit of Chhaporadih Formation of Chandarpur Group exposed in and around ridges of Dhobinipali villages of Raigarh district. Assemblage shows dominance of both sphaeromorphic and acanthomorphic acritarchs followed by cyanobacterial remains. Recorded and studied morphologically 10 distinct type of varied shaped megascopic tapic carbonaceous film preserved on the shale samples collected from the Chhuipali Formation of Singhora Group cropout at Pudapali hill in Raigarh district. The assemblage indicates a fairly well-preserved biotic realm of multicellular tissue forming thalli, bilaterial symmetry and erect growth are the main characteristic features. Morphologically, the carbonaceous films can be compared with the extant Phaeophyta, Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta groups of algae. The fossil assemblage can be compared with known carbonaceous films of eukaryotic remains known from the Knob Lake Group, Canada; Michigane and the Negaunee Iron Formation, Michigan USA; and the Changcheng Group, China. The studies of recorded different biotic communities from the fossiliferous units of the Singhora and Raipur groups and their global correlation with equivalent sediments shows an evolutionary trend from Calymmian to Cryogenian age in ascending order that were evolved and survived in different complexes of shallow sea. Rupendra Babu & V.K. Singh Visited total 24 localities in and around Sarangarh and adjoining areas of Raigarh district, Chhattisgarh and Barapahar region of Bargarh district, Odisha for the field checks and collection of palynological samples (shales, siltstones and cherts). Collected trace fossils from the Chhaporadih Formation of Chandarpur Group, lenticular, nodular black chert and stromatolites from the Saradih Limestone, and volcanic tuffs from the Churtela Shale of Raipur Group for the microfossils studies to establish the biostratigraphy of the Chhattisgarh Supergroup. Also collected dolerite and thoriferous conglomerate from the Chandarpur Group. V.K. Singh Thrust Area: FOSSIL LAND PLANT COMMUNITIES: MORPHO-STRUCTURE, EVOLUTION, SYSTEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS TO BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY (Plant evolution, anatomy, taxonomy and stratigraphy) Gondwana-Mesozoic Palaeofloristics Group Project 2.1: Palaeobotanical investigation of Satpura Gondwana Basin to analyze the floristic succession, evolutionary perspective, biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment. Well-preserved leaf compressions and reproductive structures of Peltasperm have been studied from Lower Permian Barakar Formation of Satpura Basin, where they co-occur with diverse glossopterids. The Indian peltasperm record is evidence of floristic exchanges between Laurasia and Gondwana in the Early Permian involving a dominant group of North American-European arboreal vegetation of the time. The phytogeographic 10 differentiation, leaf micromorphology and stratigraphic occurrence of Permian Peltasperms suggest a thermophilic group appearing in central India during the transition from humid peat forming to seasonally dry red bed environments. Therefore, Peltasperms are unlikely invaders to high-latitude cool-temperate zone postulated for Early Permian Australindia. Instead their Satpura occurrence assigns the Indian subcontinent in the www.bsip.res.in
EBIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUT Annual Report 2011-2012 1946 OF PALAEOBOTANY equatorial zone of mixed Laurasian/Gondwanan floristic assemblages. Morphological and taxonomic features of dispersed sterile scale leaves collected from the Barakar Formation of Pench, Kanhan and Pathakhera coalfields of Satpura Gondwana Basin have been described. The scale leaves are normally described as morphological types without their assignment to taxonomic status. Due to this practice, the identity and significance of the scale leaves have gone astray in the Glossopteris flora. The presence of large number of sterile scale leaves with different morphological features has helped to discuss their structure, nature and affinity. The scale leaves have been assigned to different genera and species namely Pantolepis indica gen. et sp. nov., Penchiolepis gondwanensis gen. et sp. nov., Penchiolepis indica sp. nov., Surangelepis ambarai gen. et sp. nov., Surangelepis elongatus sp. nov. and Utkaliolepis indica Tiwari et al. 2009. A.K. Srivastava (superannuated w.e.f. 31.01.2010) & Deepa Agnihotri Finalization of work and report has been done regarding the detailed study of plant fossil assemblage collected from Gottitoria open cast project, Mohpani Coalfield pertaining to morphotaxonomy and depositional environment. Observation, description and comparison of plant fossil assemblage collected from the Sitarewa River Section of the coalfield have been carried out. The Plant fossil assemblage includes Gangamopteris, Noeggerathiopsis, Buriadia and Glossopteris, Equisetalean axes and seeds along with few unidentified taxa. Compilation of the work has been done. A.K. Srivastava (superannuated w.e.f. 31.01.2010) & Anju Saxena Plant fossils collected from Rawanwara area of Pench Valley Coalfield have been investigated and their morphotaxonomy, photo-documentation, comparison with other basins of India, stratigraphical significance and palaeoclimatic interpretation are analysed. A new species of the genus Cheirophyllum, viz. C. maithyi is described from the Pench East Incline mine. The species is characterized by absence of apical lobes, obtuse apex and presence of ridges and furrows on lamina, ridges showing number of thin veins. Floristically assemblages indicate the possibility of Karharbari equivalent bed in the lower Barakar sequence (encountered in Giridih, Auranga and South Rewa Gondwana basins). The higher number of Glossopteris species in comparison to Gangamopteris species in Rawanwara area suggests the local and lateral variation of Glossopteris flora in Satpura Gondwana Basin. A.K. Srivastava (superannuated w.e.f. 31.01.2010) & S.S.K. Pillai Project 2.3: Morphotaxonomy, floristics, biostratigraphy and palaeoecological studies in Hasdev and Chirimiri areas (Son-Mahanadi Basin) Around 50 megafossil samples from the Rajnagar and Kurasia collieries have been studied. The assemblage includes Gangamopteris cyclopteroides, Gan. angustifolia, Gan. rajaensis, Noeggerathiopsis hislopii, Ottokaria transvalensis, Samaropsis sp., Equisetalean stems, Glossopteris communis, G. stenoneura and G. indica. Project 2.4: Paracalamites australis from Rajnagar Colliery K.J. Singh Palaeofloral diversity, biostratigraphy and palaeoecological study during Mesozoic in South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh The morphotaxonomic study of plant fossils collected from Jhala area has been undertaken to document the palaeofloral assemblage. The pinkish-grey shale embodies well preserved plant fossils comprising number of species of Elatocladus, Brachyphyllum, Pagiophyllum, Araucarites, Podozamites, Todites and Gleichenia. Branched or unbranched twigs of Elatocladus are found enormously in the sedimentary www.bsip.res.in 11
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Annual Report 2011-2012 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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