2. Women's Perspectives - Christian Aboriginal Infrastructure ...

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Total Income (% of population aged 15+) Less than $10,000 53.1 34.9 52.9 42.2 67.8 46.5 $10,000-$19,999 24.5 19.3 27.7 20.1 17.4 22.3 $20,000+ 22.2 46.1 16.4 37.7 14.8 31.2 Average total annual income ($) 14,326 22,924 12,598 19,763 11,576 18,381 Notes: — = not available or not applicable. NAI = North American Indian. 1. Unemployment and participation rates relate to the Aboriginal population aged 15+ that is out of school. 2. Table based on unadjusted data from the Aboriginal Peoples Survey, 1991. Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, custom tabulations; Statistics Canada, 1991 Census, catalogue numbers 93-324, 93-326, 93-328 and 93-329; Statistics Canada, 1991 Census, Summary Table, unpublished; Mary Jane Norris, Don Kerr and François Nault, "Projections of the Aboriginal Identity Population in Canada, 1991-2016", research study prepared by Statistics Canada for RCAP (February 1995). The occupations of Aboriginal women help to explain their low incomes, with nearly 28 per cent in clerical occupations and 26 per cent in the service industry (see Table 2.4). On the brighter side, proportionately more Aboriginal women than men hold management or administrative jobs (7.6 per cent versus 6.9 per cent). They also lead in teaching (6.1 per cent versus 1.6 per cent) and in medicine and health-related occupations (6.1 per cent versus 0.8 per cent). In some of these occupations, however, Aboriginal women tend to work in para-professional positions. TABLE 2.4 Comparison of Occupational Distribution, 1991 Aboriginal Population 1 Non-Aboriginal Population 1 Male Female Male Female % % % % Management/administration 6.9 7.6 14.0 10.3 Natural science/engineering/maths 2.5 0.7 5.9 1.8 Social sciences 2.2 7.1 1.6 3.0 Religion 0.2 — 0.3 0.1 Teaching 1.6 6.1 2.9 6.3 Medicine and health 0.8 6.1 2.0 9.1 Arts and literature 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 Clerical 5.8 27.9 7.1 31.7 Sales 4.5 5.9 9.1 9.5 Service 11.3 25.6 10.1 15.8 Farming and related 3.7 1.3 4.4 2.1 Fishing/trapping 3.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 14
Forestry and logging 4.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 Mining and related 1.3 — 0.8 0.0 Processing 3.8 2.0 3.9 1.7 Machinery 2.6 0.3 3.2 0.3 Production/fabrication 6.3 1.8 8.8 3.2 Construction 20.3 0.7 10.3 0.4 Transportation/equipment 6.4 1.3 5.9 0.7 Materials handling 3.1 0.7 2.2 0.8 Other crafts 1.1 0.8 1.5 0.6 Other 6.8 1.5 2.9 0.9 Notes: — = not available or not applicable. 1. Percentage of the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations aged 15+ in the experienced labour force employed in the occupations listed. Source: Statistics Canada, 1991 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, custom tabulations; Statistics Canada, 1991 Census, catalogue numbers 93-324, 93-326, 93-328 and 93-329; Statistics Canada, 1991 Census, Summary Table, unpublished; Mary Jane Norris, Don Kerr and François Nault, "Projections of the Aboriginal Identity Population in Canada, 1991-2016", research study prepared by Statistics Canada for RCAP (February 1995). It is clear that Aboriginal women engage in skills upgrading. More women than men returned to high school or to equivalency upgrading — 42.5 per cent versus 31 per cent (Table 2.2). Furthermore, of those having completed post-secondary school, nearly three times as many Aboriginal women as men completed schooling in management or administration, and their proportion was on a par with that of Canadian women (30 per cent each, as shown in Table 2.4). Aboriginal women are seeking and receiving financial assistance for schooling in almost the same proportions as men. For status Indians, the main source of funding is the department of Indian affairs or the band, while for other Aboriginal groups it is student loans and other sources (Table 2.5). TABLE 2.5 Receipt of Financial Assistance for Education Purposes, 1991 Total Canadian Total Aboriginal 2 Registered NAI F M F M F M Financial Assistance 14,519 9,250 9,755 4,920 (% of total) Applied/received — — 54.7 57.2 65.2 65.8 Applied/did not receive — — 7.3 10.9 5.6 9.7 Never applied — — 32.6 30.4 24.3 20.7 Source of Assistance 8,495 4,725 6,360 3,235 (% of population receiving assistance for post-secondary education) 1 Diand/band funding — — 61.7 54.6 80.6 78.8 15
Page 1 and 2: VOLUME 4 Perspectives and Realities
Page 3 and 4: Total Canadian Total Aboriginal 1 R
Page 5 and 6: very different from the proportion
Page 7: percentage of women 15 years and ol
Page 11 and 12: We have stated our belief that the
Page 13 and 14: people. Right now it is very diffic
Page 15 and 16: Aboriginal communities. Many feel t
Page 17 and 18: identity and everything to do with
Page 19 and 20: property, his chattels. Unlike her
Page 21 and 22: highlights the irony of the officia
Page 23 and 24: The marrying out provisions that ha
Page 25 and 26: the property and later obtained an
Page 27 and 28: The impact of Bill C-31 was enormou
Page 29 and 30: 3.3 The Indian Act and Bill C-31: A
Page 31 and 32: • section 6(1)(a): this is a gran
Page 33 and 34: The establishment of categories for
Page 35 and 36: ands (those that were not were on a
Page 37 and 38: In addition, because the number of
Page 39 and 40: Another problem is that the appeal
Page 41 and 42: husbands. In this regard, Indian af
Page 43 and 44: put forth, such as introducing new
Page 45 and 46: which is dealt with through alcohol
Page 47 and 48: The inequalities in health and well
Page 49 and 50: In Volume 3, Chapter 3, we proposed
Page 51 and 52: ignored, or inadequately dealt with
Page 53 and 54: Some Aboriginal women spoke to us d
Page 55 and 56: Lillian Sanderson La Ronge Native W
Page 57 and 58: In that chapter, we recommended tha
Page 59 and 60:
Discussions on the patriation of th
Page 61 and 62:
Throughout our hearings, when Abori
Page 63 and 64:
The incorporation of the whole circ
Page 65 and 66:
mechanism for the democratic proces
Page 67 and 68:
Testimony has revealed the strong d
Page 69 and 70:
their own political institutions, t
Page 71 and 72:
The living conditions of many Abori
Page 73 and 74:
Martha Greig Vice-President, Pauktu
Page 75 and 76:
on our own….We started one and th
Page 77 and 78:
Aboriginal women reminded us that t
Page 79 and 80:
Many Aboriginal women see their eco
Page 81 and 82:
Our analysis of employment developm
Page 83 and 84:
solving and decision making are hol
Page 85 and 86:
Secondly — All persons intermarri
Page 87 and 88:
29 Letter from Deputy Superintenden
Page 89 and 90:
48 Bill C-31 Summary Report, p. 5.
Page 91 and 92:
76 Subsection 10(2) of Bill C-31 st
Page 93 and 94:
96 NwAC v. Canada (1992) 3 F.C. 192
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