Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan - Gibe III

Gibe III - Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan 

300 ENV R MD 004 B 

GIBE - III Hydroelectric Project Public Consultation and 

Disclosure Plan 

Table of Contents 

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 

1.1 Background 1 

1.2 Objectives of the Public Consultations and Disclosure Plan 1 

1.3 Associated Reports 2 

2 Project Description ................................................................................................. 3 

2.1 Background 3 

2.2 Project Location 3 

2.3 Description of the Main Project Components 6 

2.4 Access Roads 7 

3 Laws, Regulations and Policies to Public Consultation ...................................... 9 

3.1 The Policy, Rule and Regulations of the Ethiopian Government 9 

3.1.1 Ethiopian Constitution 9 

3.1.2 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia 9 

3.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation 9 

3.2 The Policy, Rule and Regulations of Potential Financer 9 

3.2.1 African Development Bank (AfDB) 9 

3.2.2 European Investment Bank 9 

3.2.3 The International Finance Corporation (IFC)/the World Bank 9 

4 Stakeholder Identification and Consultation Methodology ............................... 14 

4.1 Stakeholders Identification 14 

4.1.1 Government Offices 14 

4.1.2 Project Affected Communities at Kebele Level 15 

4.1.3 Non Governmental Organisation (NGOs) 15 

4.2 Consultation Methodologies 15 

4.3 Total Consulted stakeholders 17 

5 Stakeholders Consultation .................................................................................. 18 

5.1 Consultations at Federal and Regional Government Level 18 

5.2 Consultation - Reservoir Area 18 

5.2.1 Public Consultation with Zone and Wereda Administrations 18 

5.2.2 Public Consultation with PA and Community Groups 24 

5.2.3 Public Consultation at Households Level 29 

5.2.4 Consultation with Agro-pastoralist Community 31 

5.3 Consultation- Downstream Areas 32 

5.3.1 Findings of Consultations with Local Government 34 

5.3.2 Findings of Consultations with PA and Community Members 38 

5.4 Findings of Consultations on Cultural Resources 41 

5.5 Finding of Consultation on Protected Area and Other Tourist Attraction 

Sites 43 

MDI International Consulting Engineers 

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5.6 Finding of Consultation with Non Governmental Organisation 43 

6 Pubic Consultation and Disclosure meeting ...................................................... 44 

6.1 Background and Objective 44 

6.2 Requirements and Guidelines 44 

6.2.1 EPA’S Requirements and Guidelines 44 

6.2.2 European Investment Bank 44 

6.3 Summary of Issues 45 

7 Future Consultation and Disclosure Events ....................................................... 46 

7.1 Information Disclosure 46 

7.2 Issues to be discussed during Future Consultation 47 

7.3 Grievance Mechanisms 49 

8 References ............................................................................................................ 50 

Annexes ......................................................................................................................... 52 

List of Tables 

Table 2.1: Locations of the Different Project Facilities 4 

Table 2.2: Summary of Main Characteristics of the Project 6 

Table 3.1: Summary of Consultation Requirements applied to Gibe-III Hydroelectric 

Project 12 

Table 4.1: Summary of Consultations 17 

Table 5.1: Consultation Record at Zonal and Wereda Level 22 

Table 5.2: Discussion Summary at Zonal and Wereda Level Consultation 23 

Table 5.3: Consultation Record at Kebele Level 26 

Table 5.4: Consultation Record at Community Level 27 

Table 5.5: Discussion Summary at PA and Community Level 28 

Table 5.6: Consultation Summary at Individual Level 30 

Table 5.7: Consultation Record at Zonal and Wereda Level 36 

Table 5.8: Discussions Result: Downstream Zonal and Wereda level 37 

Table 5.9: Consultations Record at Downstream PA Community 39 

Table 5.10: Consultations Record with Downstream Communities 39 

Table 5.11: Discussions Result Downstream Community 40 

Table 5.12: Consultations Summary on Cultural heritage and Historical Resources 42 

Table 7.1: Issues of Stakeholder Concerns which require Detail Discussion 48 

List of Figures 

Figure 2.1: Location Map of the Project Area 4 

Figure 2.2: Administration Boundaries around the Reservoir Area 5 

Figure 2.3: Chida - Sodo Relocation Road 8 

Figure 5.1: Locations of Gibe III hydroelectric Project study area Public Consultation 

meetings (Reservoir area) 21 

Figure 5.2: Gibe III Hydroelectric Project Movements of Agro- pastoralist 33 

Figure 5.3: Gibe III hydroelectric Project Locations of Public Consultation Meetings (Down 

Stream) 35 


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List of Annexes 

Annex 1: Unofficial Translation of the Transcription of Consultation 52 

Annex 2: Sample Minutes of Public Consultation Meetings 94 

List of Photos 

Photo 5.1: Discussion with Omo Sheleko and Kindo Koysha Wereda Administration 

Officials 20 

Photo 5.2: Discussion with Ajora kebele committee members 25 

Photo 5.3: Consultation with Menera Kebele communities 25 

Photo 5.4: Consultation with Individuals at various kebele 31 

Photo 5.5: Consultation with Orcha kebele Agro-pastoral communities 32 

Photo 5.6: Discussion with South Omo Zone ARDB Official Photo 36 

Photo 5.7: Discussion with Dasenech Wereda Officials 36 

Photo 5.8: Consultation with Dasenech Communities 38 

Photo 5.9: Consultation with Karadus Communities 38 

Photo 5.10: Consultation with Mursi Communities 38 

Photo 5.11: Consultation with Dasenech Communities near Lake Turkana 38 

Photo 6.1: Public Consultation and Disclosure at Bele 45 


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ACRONYMS 

AfDB 

ARCCH 

BARD 

BOH 

CHA 

EC 

EEPCO 

EPA 

EPARDA 

EPC 

EPE 

ESMP 

ESIA 

EA 

EIB 

EAP 

FDRE 

Govts. 

HEPP 

HHH 

IFC 

ICS 

MDI 

MWR 

MARD 

NGOs 

PA 

PAPs 

PCDP 

RAP 

SNNPRS 

STD 

Wereda 

WB 

WCD 

African Development Bank 

Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural 

Heritage 

Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development 

Bureau of Health 

Controlled Hunting Area 

Ethiopian Calendar 

Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation 

Environmental Protection Authority 

Ethiopian Pastoralist Area Research and Development 

Association 

Engineering Procurement Construction 

Environmental Policy of Ethiopia 

Environmental Management Plan 

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 

Environmental Assessment 

European Investment Bank 

Environmental Action Plan 

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 

Government 

Hydroelectric Power Project 

Household Head 

International Finance Corporation 

Intern connected System 

Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers 

Ministry of Water Resources 

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 

Non-Governmental Organizations 

Peasant Association 

Project Affected Persons 

Public Consultation & Disclosure Plan 

Resettlement Action Plan 

Southern Nations and Nationalities People Regional State 

Sexually Transmitted Disease 

District, Administrative Unit 

World Bank 

Wildlife Cnservation Department 


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1 Introduction 

1.1 Background 

In June 2006, Salini Costruttori S.p.A. of Italy completed and delivered a technical report 

on the Gibe III Scheme Basic Design to Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO). 

EEPCO approved the Basic Design and commissioned Salini Costruttori S.p.A. in July 

2006 on a turnkey Engineer, procure and construct (EPC) bases. In October 2007 the 

EPC Contractor submitted a revised design (level II design) to EEPCO. 

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) guideline of the Federal 

Environmental Protection Authority (EPA, 2004) places strong emphasis on the 

preparation and implementation of ESMP. The environmental assessment proclamation 

and related procedures thus require the project developer to prepare an ESIA and ESMP. 

To this effect, an independent consultants has been employed to prepare an ESIA and 

ESMP. These ESIA and ESMP have been prepared within the frame work of national and 

international environmental regulations by CESI and AGRICONSULTING of Italy in 

association with MDI Consulting Engineers of Ethiopia. 

The legislative framework applicable to the proposed project is governed by the Federal 

Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) and international financing institutions who will 

be involved in the financing of the project investment. These include; African Development 

Bank (AfDB), World Bank and European Investment Bank (EIB). 

This document presents the findings of the Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan 

(PCDP) initiated during the initial phase of the Gibe III- Hydroelectric project. The contains 

the result of community consultation conducted during the preparation of the ESIA, ESMP 

and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) along with outlines of planned community 

engagement activities that are to be undertaken during the construction of the Gibe III 

Hydroelectric project. 

The public consultation has been conducted to ensure that the project has taken full 

account of the priority concerns of project-affected people and other relevant stakeholders 

to make both EEPCO (the project developer) and the EPC contractor aware about the 

potential adverse impacts on the people’s livelihood of the project area. 

1.2 Objectives of the Public Consultations and Disclosure Plan 

Public Consultations and Disclosure Plan has been undertaken to address the rights of 

the project affected people as it is stipulated in the FDRE Constitution, Article 92. 

“People have the right to full consultation and to the expression of their views in the 

planning and implementation of environmental polices and projects that affect them 

directly”. 

Public consultations were held with Federal, Regional, Zonal, Wereda and local officials 

and institutions, PAPs, community elders, NGOs, etc. with the following key objectives 

among others: 

 

 

To identify potential negative and positive impacts of the project as well as the 

associated appropriate remedial and enhancement measures that could be 

identified through public consultations with stakeholders; 

To solicit the stakeholders’ views on the project and discuss their involvement for 

the smooth functioning of the overall project operations; 


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To inform members of the communities about and discuss the nature and scale of 

adverse impacts of the project on their livelihoods and seek their participation in 

the project cycle; 

To give chances for the project affected communities and their leaders to have a 

say and express their views in the project plan and implementation; 

To discern the attitudes of the community and their leaders towards the project so 

that their views and proposals are taken into consideration in the formulation of 

mitigation and benefit enhancement measures; and 

To increase public awareness and common understanding about the project and 

its acceptance. 

1.3 Associated Reports 

This PCDP is accompanied by the following volumes of reports: 

i) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (Dam and Reservoir) 

The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is contained in a “stand-alone” report. 

This report describes the environmental conditions of the project area, identifies potential 

project impacts and proposes mitigation and/or benefit enhancement measures for the 

project impacts. 

ii) 

Environmental Impact Assessment: Additional Study on Downstream Impacts 

The Downstream Impacts associated with this project are also addressed in a separate 

report. In this report, the downstream impacts due to construction and operation of the 

project are identified. 

iii) Environmental and Social Management Plan 

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is also presented in a separate 

report. The objective of the ESMP is to ensure effective implementation of mitigation, 

management and monitoring measures and attain sustainable development. 

iv) Environmental and social Impact assessment: Chida-Sodo Road Realignment 

This report is the ESIA of the Chida-Sodo road realignment and it addresses the potential 

impacts of the project and it recommends measures to mitigate the adverse impacts and 

enhance the beneficial impacts. 

v) Resettlement Action Plan 

The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is documented in a separate report. The RAP for the 

Gibe III Hydroelectric facilities (dam, reservoir, powerhouse, access roads, etc) details the 

resettlement and compensation commitments of EEPCO, and the process by which 

resettlement and compensation will be implemented. 


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2 Project Description 

2.1 Background 

Hydroelectric has been recognized for decades as primary resource of power in Ethiopia. 

The hydroelectric potential of the country has been estimated at some 40,000MW. The 

Omo-Gibe basin is one of the significant surface water resources of Ethiopia. The Gibe 

cascade project therefore, has been selected by Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation 

(EEPCO) as one of the potential area for hydroelectric development. 

The existence of large rivers flowing in deeply incised valleys provides very attractive 

conditions for medium to large scale hydroelectric schemes. However, the country’s 

climate is such that relatively large reservoirs are required to store the high flows during 

the pronounced 3 to 4 month high run-off season for release during the remaining drier 

months. 

Ethiopia’s 10 year perspective plan recognised the importance of low cost energy towards 

fulfilling the poverty reduction objective of the government and as an incentive to industrial 

and economic development. The plan also realised that export sales could provide an 

attractive long term development opportunities. 

Therefore, EEPCO is currently focusing on developing the country's hydroelectric potential 

and the Gibe III scheme provides generating capacity to meet the domestic demands and 

increase exports of electricpower and make the sector a major foreign currency source for 

the country. The direct benefits of the project will be the production of 1,870 MW of 

electrical power and 6,500 GWh of energy per year. 

2.2 Project Location 

The Gibe III Hydroelectric project is located within the Omo Gibe River Basin in the middle 

reach of the Omo River around 450km South of Addis Ababa. The approximate 

geographic coordinates of the location of the dam axis is between 312,044E and 

757,343N and 312,542E and 757,107N. Figure 2.1 shows the location of the project area. 

The environmental and social study area extends for approximately 540 km along the 

Omo River starting from the Gibe III dam and reservoir upstream to the confluence with 

Lake Turkana. For ESIA study and ESMP purpose this area was divided into the following 

two sections. The results of the study are presented in separate stand alone reports. 

i. The dam for Gibe III is on the Omo River and the reservoir stretches to its 

tributaries the Gibe and Gojeb Rivers. The scheme, from the end of the reservoir 

to its tailrace out fall, extends over a corridor of some 150 km long. 

ii. The Downstream area/lower Omo Region up to the confluence with Lake Turkana 

(approximately 380 km long). 

iii. Chiad-Sodo Road Realignment Project 

Administratively, the reservoir stretches over five zones and eleven weredas. However, all 

the works concerning the construction of the Gibe III scheme dam, tunnel, power house, 

switchyard, construction camps and access road are concentrated in a small area under 

the jurisdiction of the Loma Wereda of the Dawro Zone and Kindo Didaye and Kindo 

Koysha Weredas of Wolayta zone of the Southern Nations and Nationalities People 

Regional State (SNNPRS). The locations of different project facilities are shown in 

Table 2.1 and the location map of the project is presented in Figure 2.1. Besides, the 

administration boundaries around the reservoir area is shown in Figure 2.2. 


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Table 2.1: 

Locations of the Different Project Facilities 

Project areas 

Region Zone Wereda Dam and other Access 

project facilities road 

Reservoir 

Kindo Didaye √ √ √ 

Wolayita 

Kindo Koysha √ √ √ 

Boloso Sore 

√ 

Genal Bosa 

√ 

Dawro 

Loma √ √ √ 

SNNPR 

Hadiya Soro √ 

Gibe 

√ 

Kembata -Timbaro Kacha Biro √ 

Omo Sheleko 

√ 

Yem Yem √ 

Oromiya Jimma Omo Nada √ 

Figure 2.1: Location Map of the Project Area 


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Figure 2.2: 

Administration Boundaries around the Reservoir Area 


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2.3 Description of the Main Project Components 

The data sheet (project characteristics) for the Gibe III Hydroelectric project is presented 

in Table 2.2 and it summarises the project location and the technical parameters for the 

civil, mechanical and electrical works. 

The project aims to dam the Omo River and thereby creating a reservoir with a total live 

storage of about 11,750 Mm 3 and a total surface area of 200 km 2 at normal operating level 

(889 m a.s.l). The minimum operating level is 800 m a.s.l. and the reservoir is 

approximately 155 km in total length. 

Table 2.2: 

Summary of Main Characteristics of the Project 

Gibe III Dam and Reservoir 

Dam 

Dam Type 

Foundation elevation 

Height above river bed elevation 

Crest elevation 

Crest length 

Reservoir 

Catchment area 

Minimum operating level 

Normal operating level 

Maximum water level in the reservoir 

Extreme flood level in the reservoir (PMF) 

Live storage volume 

Surface area at normal operating level 

Average annual runoff 

10,000 years return peak flood 

Mean annual sediment yield 

Spillway Type 

Powerhouse 

Powerhouse type 

Dimension (WxLxH) 

Roller compared concrete (RCC) dam 

665 m asl 

231 m 

896 m.a.s.l 

580 m 

34,150 km 2 

800 m a.s.l 

889 m a.s.l 

892 m a.s.l 

892.5 m.a.s.l 

11,750 Mm 3 

200 km 2 

438.2 m 3 /s 

10,600 m 3 /s 

18.3 Mm 3 /y 

Ungated (side channel) +gated (overflow) 

Outdoor 

250x46x55 m 

Power Waterway 

Head race tunnel (No, D) 

Penstocks (No, D) 

Surge shaft (No. D) Top Elev. Height 

EM equipment turbines (No. IP) 

Generators (No, phases, output) 

Power Generation 

Max. Net Head 

Average Net Head 

Design flow 

Plant load factor 

Installed power 

Average energy production 

Roads 

Site temporary and permanent access road 

Chida -Sodo Relocation roads 

2, 11 m 

2, 7.5 m 

2, 20 m 915 m.a.s.l 140 m 

187 MW 

10, 3, 220 MVA 

211 m 

186 m 

950 m 3 /s 

0.46 

1870 MW 

6400 GWh/y 

100 km 

80 km 


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2.4 Access Roads 

Site access roads will be required to provide all weather access to all project construction 

activities so that project personnel, materials and equipment will safely transport during 

project construction and operation. Most of them will be used only during construction 

since they will be inundated by the reservoir. By the construction of these site access 

roads the external traffic and the site traffic will be separated. In addition of providing 

access to the construction activities, the road will greatly benefit the local community. 

Direct access roads to the dam and powerhouse site did not actually exist, consequently 

two new roads were required, one on the Right bank (road R-1) and one on the Left bank 

(road L-1) of the Omo River 

The first one starts from the Chida-Sodo Road near Kindo Halale village, reaches the 

SP_1 temporary camp on the plateau, then goes down to the dam site at river level and 

goes up to the right plateau. The second one starts from the Chida - Sodo Road and 

follows the Omo River at low level, reaches the dam site at river level and then goes up to 

the left plateau. 

The existing bridge across the Omo River (on the Chida-Sodo road) (See Photo No. 2) will 

be submerged by the project reservoir and therefore a new bridge will be required. This 

new road bridge will be built downstream of the dam. After reservoir impounding, the 

permanent link between the Omo River left and right banks will be possible utilising Road 

R1 (on the right bank plateau) to the dam site, passage over the d/s toe of the dam and a 

new road on the left plateau from the dam site to the existing road (or to Kindo Halale). 

This permanent link will therefore include: 

 

 

 

a 24.5 km road on the right bank starting at a small village called Yalo nearby Lala; 

the foreseen Omo bridge which crosses the river slightly d/s of the dam; 

a 54.8 km road on the left bank ending about 4 km west of Bele. 

The detailed design of the road is illustrated in the relevant reports currently being under 

completion. 

The Chida-Sodo Road (existing and realignment) and the project’s permanent and 

temporary access roads to the project facilities are shown in Figure 2.3. 


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Figure 2.3: 

Chida - Sodo Relocation Road 


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3 Laws, Regulations and Policies to Public Consultation 

3.1 The Policy, Rule and Regulations of the Ethiopian Government 

The followings are an outline of the applicable laws and regulations, as they relate to 

public consultation and engagement for the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 

(FDRE). 

3.1.1 Ethiopian Constitution 

The Constitutions of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) contains a 

number of articles to ensure rights and objectives on the environment being used as a 

proactive tool and a backbone to harmonize and integrate environment; economic; 

culture; and social considerations of development project into a decision making process. 

Chapter 10, article 92, of the Constitution sets out the directions pursued on the National 

Policy and Principles with respect to public consultation and participation in any 

development projects initiated in the country. 

3.1.2 The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia 

The FDRE has formulated and approved the Environmental Policy of Ethiopia in the year 

1997. The environmental policy has outlined a number of issues to conduct EIA and to 

address the social, socio-economic, political and cultural impacts of the project, coupled 

with its physical and biological impacts. The policy requires to make public consultation 

and participation an integral part of EIA process. 

3.1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation 

Part Five, Article 15 Sub-Article 1 and 2 of Proclamation 299/2002 insist the timely access 

of any environmental impact study report to the public and solicit comments through public 

consultation. Participation is in this case considered to be an empowerment process and 

seeks to involve the public at large and the proponents are expected to incorporate the 

views and comments of the public particularly the communities likely to be affected by the 

implementation of a project into the environmental impact study report as well as in its 

evaluation. 

3.2 The Policy, Rule and Regulations of Potential Financer 

3.2.1 African Development Bank (AfDB) 

The local community and stakeholders are engaged as per the AfDB Integrated 

Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines (2003) as well as various cross cutting 

themes as they relate to the environment, community development, gender issues, 

broader community support etc. 

3.2.2 European Investment Bank 

The EIB has several policy documents that will be adhered to in the completion of the 

PCDP including: EIB public disclosure policy, principles, rules and procedures (March 

2006), EIB Environmental statement, 2004 including and EIA according to Directive 

85/337/EEC, amended by Directive 97/11/EC. 

3.2.3 The International Finance Corporation (IFC)/the World Bank 

IFC issued a policy and principles on involuntary resettlement associated with IFC 

investment project. This could also be applied to projects financed by others. The 

followings are the most important milestone reviewed and used to the formulation of 

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Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan for Gibe-III Hydroelectric project, for inception, 

conducting, and the preparation of the plan for the implementation. 

Disclosure Policy: IFC is open about its activities and welcomes inputs from affected 

communities, interested members of the public, and business partners and seeks out 

opportunities to explain its work to the widest possible audiences. This policy was 

developed in recognition of the importance of accountability and transparency in the 

project development process. 

Policy on Cultural Property: IFC sponsored projects define “Cultural Property” as sites 

having archaeological, paleontological, historical, religious, and/or unique natural values”. 

IFC normally requires determination of what is known about cultural aspects of proposed 

projects. The consultation process should involve scientific institutions and NGOs as part 

of this process. 

Involuntary Resettlement Principles: All IFC investments involving involuntary 

resettlement are currently processed with reference to the World Bank’s operational 

Directives on Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30). To this end, consultation requirements 

of the IFC under Involuntary Resettlement Action Plan have been taken into account when 

the team prepared ESIA and RAP for Gibe-III Hydroelectric Project. Due care has been 

taken during the preparation to comply with the basic principles and policy of the IFC. 

These mainly include the followings. 

 

 

 

 

Involuntary resettlement should be avoided; 

Where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, all people affected by the project 

should be compensated fully and fairly for the lost asset; 

Involuntary resettlement should be conceived as an opportunity for improving the 

livelihoods of the affected people and undertaken accordingly; and 

All people affected by involuntary resettlement should be considered of adverse 

effects as well as the benefits of resettlement are appropriate and sustainable. 

The formulation of RAP for Gibe III Hydroelectric project has also adopted a number of 

principles of IFC due to the fact that the project will result in loss of assets, impairment of 

livelihood, or physical relocation of an individual, household and community in general. 

According to the IFC, consultation should start as early as possible with information made 

available in advance. 

Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan: would also be undertaken during 

construction and operation of the project and should be incorporated into the Public 

Consultation and Disclosure Plan. 

Releasing the EIS Report in Country and to Project Financing Agencies, if any: The 

draft EIS report should be made readily available to the public in public places, and should 

contain responses to public consultation process. A non-technical summary of the 

document should be made available in the local languages to local stakeholders. The 

report is made available to a wider public through IFC’s internet InfoShop website. 

On going Consultation, Annual Reporting, and Disclosure of Addenda after Release 

of EIS: Public consultation is an ongoing process and should continue throughout the 

construction and operational phases. 

IFC’s Good Practice Manual Doing Better Business through Effective Pubic 

Consultation and Disclosure (IFC 1998): IFC guidelines on best practice in public 

consultation and disclosure outline issues to consider while undertaking public 

consultation and disclosure, are as follows: 

 

Written and oral communication in local languages and readily understandable 

formats; 


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Accessibility by relevant stakeholders to both written information and to the 

consultation process; 

Use of oral or visual methods to explain information to illiterate people; 

Respect for local traditions or discussion, reflection and decision – making; 

Care in assuring groups being consulted are representative, with adequate 

representation of women, vulnerable groups, ethnic or religious minorities, and 

separate meetings for various groups, where necessary; and 

Clear mechanisms to represent to people’s concerns, suggestions and grievances. 

The details of activities pursed by Gibe-III hydro power project in complying of the 

principles are depicted in Table 3.1 of this report. 


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Table 3.1: 

Summary of Consultation Requirements applied to Gibe-III Hydroelectric Project 

Indicators Issues Approach Taken to Address Issue 

Review Stream: Has the Client Conducted free, prior and informed consultation and enabled participation of affected communities 

EPPCO Strategy /policy/ 

principles on 

engagement 

Stakeholders 

Identification and 

Analysis 

Community consultation 

Information Disclosure 

Consultation provided due concern to: 

 

 

 

those institutions responsible for the activities taking 

place within their administrative jurisdictions; 

those communities whom directly or indirectly affected 

by project; 

those institutions involved in development activities in 

the project area; 

Potential interests to be consulted include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

those to be affected and compensated; 

interested individuals; 

those whose livelihoods are affected; 

local communities and their representative; 

Government offices; and 

NGO’s. 

Communities were consulted and provided input: 

 

 

 

on the identification of potential impacts; 

assessing the consequences of those impacts; 

suggestions of benefits enhancement measures from 

the project. 

The Country’s policy and regulations stress the need for 

information disclosure to ensure that stakeholder are making 

informed decisions 

The public participation has required conducting as per the Country’s 

Environmental Policy and Other regulation indicated in section 3 of this report. 

Stakeholders are identified. 

Key stakeholder issues were identified and a summary of issues of concern is 

detailed in Section 5 for planning and implementation. 

Project affected communities were consulted at various meetings and discussed 

on potential impacts of the project. 

They were encouraged to express their views, attitudes and their issues of 

concern and to provide comments to be included in the preparation of public 

consultation report. 

Communities were also informed through public meetings held in different 

periods; 

The release of information is planned through different communication system, 

among other; public meeting, discussion and consultations are planed to be 

conduct. Press release through the local newspaper is also proposed. 


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Consultations 

Indicators Issues Approach Taken to Address Issue 

a) Consultation 

conducted freely 

b) Consultation prior to 

project 

commencement 

Minutes were recorded when consultation made with 

representatives of the communities; 

The consultations started prior to the commencement of 

major construction work so that the inputs gained from the 

discussion will be used on the choices and design of 

mitigation measures and project development benefits. 

c) Informed Consultation needs culturally appropriate and adapted to 

language needs and decision –making process. 

Informed Participation 

This has been iterative to show how decisions were made 

and the views of the communities are taken in to account, 

which include impact minimisation or mitigation and benefit 

sharing. 

Grievance Mechanisms Need to address potential grievance in responding to the 

enquiries made during consultation. 

Review Stream: What is the level of support and dissent among the communities for the project affected 

Formal Expression of 

Support 

Review Issue: Analysis of Contents 

Formal support can be expressed through minutes of 

meetings with government bodies/community bodies 

All consultation were conducted freely so that this PCDP documents evolved 

from the results of consultations made with different stakeholders 

Awareness about the project (around the main project component) is high since 

information on the project has been provided by the concerned government 

offices 

A number of meetings were held with the communities selected under group 

samplings, along with the individual selected randomly so that it helped to 

consult the entire identified stakeholder. 

Meetings were conducted in official language, but it was translated into local 

language during the conduct of discussion. 

Consultations were iterative to release findings of the result of the consultation 

process. Key issues identified earlier are planned to be disclosed to the 

consulted stakeholders. 

Grievance mechanism, along with the required resources and arrangement, for 

the proposed project is indicated in Section 6 of this report, and also 

incorporated in the RAP report for Gibe-III for their applicability and 

implementation. 

Effectiveness of the designed mechanisms will be evaluated against the 

compensation modalities to be applied in due course of times. 

PCDP and its implementation are designed in such a manner to move to a level 

of broad community support for the project. To date, key stakeholders such as 

the local governments and communities have provided verbal support for the 

project. Formal expressions of support from the local governments and 

communities have been secured during public consultation. 

Net Benefits 

All the consulted Stakeholders, particularly the project 

affected communities proposed project benefit as 

compensation to the loss of property and other benefits. 

The proposed benefits of the project-affected people cover wide sectors. The 

Resettlement Action Plan has already considered the proposed benefits in 

designing of community development plan. 


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4 Stakeholder Identification and Consultation Methodology 

4.1 Stakeholders Identification 

At the beginning of the EIA process, the Consultant together with Local Government 

Offices worked to identify the key stakeholders that should be consulted at various stages 

of project implementation. This process was completed with the identification of projectaffected 

areas. 

The identified stakeholders are presented in the following sections. 

4.1.1 Government Offices 

The stakeholders identified from governmental institutions are structured at Zonal, 

Wereda and Kebele levels (District Level). These offices are responsible to oversee the 

execution of activities and they are responsible on the socio economic implication of the 

development programs and project in their jurisdictions. 

The identified stakeholders for consultations both at Federal, Regional, and Zonal levels, 

include the following:. 

At Federal Level 

 

 

 

The Wildlife Conservation Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 

Development; 

The Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) and 

Environmental Protection Authority 

At Regional Level 

 

 

 

 

Information and Cultural Bureau of the SNNP, 

Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Development, 

Pastoral Area Development Coordination Commission, 

Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau. 

At Zonal Level 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Welayta Zonal Administration Zone; 

Dawro Zone Administration; 

o 

Information and Cultural Office of Dawro Zonal Administration; 

Hydiya Zonal Administration; 

Kembata Timbaro Zone Administration: 

South Omo Zonal Administration; 

o Agricultural and Rural Development Office of South Omo Zonal 

Administration; and 

Jimma Zonal Administration of the Oromya Regional State were identified and 

consulted. 

At Wereda Level 

The Consulted Werdas include: 

 

Kindo Koysaha; Kindo Didaya and Boloso Sore Weredas of Welayta Zone 


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Gena Bosa and Loma Weredas of Dawro Zone 

Soro Wereda of Hadiya Zone 

Katch Bira and Omo Sheleko Weredas of Kembata Timbaro Zone 

Hammar, Dasenech, Nangaton, and Selamago Weredas of South Omo Zone; and 

Omo Neda Wereda of Jimma Zone 

Besides, from Tourist Operation the following institutions were consulted. 

 

 

 

Omo National Park; 

Mago National Park and; 

Murule Controlled Hunting Area (CHA). 

4.1.2 Project Affected Communities at Kebele Level 

The Gibe III Reservoir stretches over 71 Peasant Association and all these PAs were 

identified for consultation. 

4.1.3 Non Governmental Organisation (NGOs) 

A number of non governmental organisations have been engaged on different 

development activities in lower Omo area, and these were identified as stakeholders for 

consultation. The views of the following NGO;s were collected 

 

 

 

 

Farm Africa; 

Catholic Church; 

Refuge Trust; and 

Ethiopian Pastoralist Area Research and Development Associations. 

4.2 Consultation Methodologies 

The effects of Gibe III Hydroelectric Project is not limited to its immediate location but it 

includes its environs. It is important to assess and discover all aspects of the project 

effects to expedite the implementation of the project and for its sustainable development. 

The main project components (dam, powerhouse, switchyard, main and temporary camp 

sites, access roads, etc.) fall under the jurisdiction of Kindo Didaye, Kindo Koysha and 

Loma weredas. However, the negative and positive impacts of the project (creation of the 

reservoir and operation of the scheme) are considered far-reaching. The public 

consultation, therefore, doesn’t limit itself only to the immediate locations of the main 

project components where the major impact of the project will be experienced and rather it 

also includes upstream (the reservoir area) and downstream (Lower Omo River up to 

Lake Turkana) of the project. 

The groups that are chosen for the consultative meetings were selected with great care on 

the basis of the location of the project so that their views could represent the attitudes of 

the community as well as the officials in which the project is located. 

The people that can best represent the ideas of the people were selected from the project 

and its surrounding areas and from the communities residing within various villages and 

kebeles as well as administration offices that administer the project areas. The individuals 

who are randomly selected include the people from different age and sex categories. 

Several meetings, interviews and discussions were held with a number of community 

leaders and representatives of various regional sector offices. Moreover, discussions 


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were also held with local officials to assess official attitudes and examine prospects and 

challenges for various mitigation strategies including resettlement. 

The Consultative meetings were undertaken by the team of experts comprising of 

economists, socio economist, environmentalists and surveyors having relevant work 

experiences and qualifications in the field of the study. 

Appropriate guidelines and related studies were referred before conducting consultations. 

Besides, the points of discussions were formulated to facilitate the discussions towards 

the desired out put. 

Several related issues were designed for discussions and these include:- 

1. Identifying major positive and adverse impacts of the project 

2. Identifying potential benefit enhancement and mitigation measures, and 

3. Other relevant issues 

The project, its intended objectives, the location, its ownership as well as the need of 

public consultation were briefly discussed to the participants so that they can forward their 

views on these bases. 

The focus community groups and individuals development agents, experts and 

government institutions have given their opinions, shared experiences and discussed 

critical issues. During this consultation process, a number of project implementation 

related issues were identified by the stakeholders and these are presented in this report. 

The consultative meetings at zonal and wereda levels were done through an official 

language of Amharic. However, the community and individual based discussions were 

conducted in local languages through an interpreter of the consultative members that can 

speak the local language. 

A combination of various consultation methods were used to assess knowledge, 

perception and attitude of the communities about the proposed project and its potential 

impacts in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The methods used during the consultation process 

include interview with key informants/people, small group discussion and 

public/community meetings. 

Sample unofficial translation of the transcription of minutes of consultations held and the 

scanned copy of the Amharic version are presented in Annex 2 and 3. 

Consultation at Federal, Regional, Zonal and Wereda Level: All project affected 

weredas (15 in number) were consulted. The full coverage of the weredas provided an 

exhaustive list of the potential impacts of the project and acceptable mitigation measures. 

A total of 32 consultation meetings were hole with Federal, Regional, Zonal and Wereda 

levels. Major findings of the consultations are presented in section 5. 

Consultation at PA Leaders Level: All peasant associations (80 in numbers) of the 

project area were made to express their views and it was possible to obtain an exhaustive 

list of their concern and attitudes towards the project. The studies have given special 

importance to consult them and identify project related issues for the reasons that they 

have direct contact with and concern about their surroundings. 

Consultation at Community Level: Community level consultations were held with key 

informats of various social groups which include elders, wealthy and poorer farmers, priest 

farmers, young farmers, female-headed households, Development Agents, and PA 

leaders. 

Accordingly, 1137 people from different social categories were consulted and gave their 

attitudes towards the project specifically on the possible project impacts and forwarded 

their recommendation on the mitigation and benefit enhancement measures. 


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Interviews at Household Level: Individual household members from different 

communities in the project area were consulted. Due emphases were given in the sample 

selection to include both directly and indirectly project affected individual household 

members for consultation. Random selections of individuals from different age categories 

(it ranges between 20 and 72) were also interviewed. 

4.3 Total Consulted stakeholders 

As shown in Table 4.1, a total of 1,749 people drawn from governmental organizations, 

NGOs, peasant association (Kebeles), local residents, household heads, and from the 

project client and contractor participated in the consultation. The consultative meetings 

include people from different demographic characteristics and this gave wider opportunity 

to gather satisfactory information about the attitudes of the people towards the 

implementation and the consequences of the project. 

Table 4.1: 

Sr. 

No. 

Summary of Consultations 

Organisations/Party 

Times 

consulted 

1 Regional, Zonal, Wereda Government 32 203 

2 Peasant Association 72 409 

3 Local residents 32 869 

4 Household Heads/Individual 268 

5 NGOs 

6 EEPCO/Client 

7 EPC Contractor 

8 Owner’s Engineers 

9 Others 

No. of 

Consultees 

Several meetings during 

the study period 

Total 136 1749 


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5 Stakeholders Consultation 

5.1 Consultations at Federal and Regional Government Level 

Consultations were made with experts and officials of Federal and Regional Government 

Offices and these include: 

 

 

At Federal Level 

o 

o 

o 

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD); 

Authority of Research and Conservation of cultural Heritage (ARCCH); and 

Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). 

At Regional Level 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Information and Cultural Bureau of the SNNP, 

SNNPR, Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Development, 

SNNPR, Pastoral Area Development Coordination Commission, 

SNNPR, Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau, and 

SNNPR, Water, Minerals and Energy Bureau. 

5.2 Consultation - Reservoir Area 

5.2.1 Public Consultation with Zone and Wereda Administrations 

Discussions were held with local officials to assess their knowledge, perception and 

attitudes and examine prospects and challenges for various mitigation strategies including 

resettlement (please see photo 5.1 and Figure 5.1). 

Discussions and interviews conducted with local authorities indicated that the official 

attitudes towards the proposed project is found to be positive. They believe the project will 

contribute to the attainment of local, regional and national development goals. 

Since the details of the consultations are broad to present here, only a summary of key 

issues raised and major findings are presented in the sections below. The consultation 

record is given in Table 5.1 and the discussion summary in Table 5.2. 

Fears and Concerns 

 

 

 

One of the main problems of the local communities is lack of transportation to the 

neighbouring weredas located in Kenbata-Timbaro, Wolyita, Hadiya, Jimma, 

Dawro and other Zones. People usually cross the Omo River from both sides to 

attend weekly markets and for social affairs. It is explained that every now and 

then the Dawro people are exposed to crocodile accident and death while crossing 

the Omo River. According to them, crocodile accident while crossing the Omo 

River is their serious problem. 

Productive farmland belonging to the local community will be affected. 

The consulted leaders from Loma, Kindo Didaye and Kindo Koysha Weredas 

believe that the historical walls of King Halala and King Ijajo are the identification 

of Dawro and Wolayta people respectively. These walls are the culture and 

heritage of the people. The Wereda Administrations reminded that the nearest wall 

to the Omo River will be inundated by the Dam. Therefore, the Government should 

give serious considerations through the provision of compensation that are 

designed for the public use. 


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In the absence of improved health facilities, the local communities usually use 

Holly Hot Springs for human and Horas for cattle treatment to get relief from 

different health problems. The Project will flood these natural gifts and the 

government should take considerations and compensate the loss by establishing 

modern health services in the affected areas for the public use. 

The expansion of HIV/AIDS in the project area is unquestionable. Therefore, the 

Project or the Government should take immediate actions to curb this problem. 

They expressed their concern about the possibility of increasing the incidence of 

malaria due to the creation of large water body in the project area. Therefore, they 

proposed the project should consider the long term mitigation measures by 

improving the health services in the area. 

According to the Dawro Zone and their respective officials, the Project is labelled 

or named as “Gibe III project”. The naming of the Project is very erroneous. It does 

not reflect the actual reality. It is obvious that there is no Gibe River after the 

confluence with Gojeb River and make the great Omo River. The Project is in the 

Omo River; not in Gibe River. The project name as they commented should reflect 

the project area and the interest of project affected communities. They are very 

glad if its name is replaced by their language which is “Oma Hydroelectric Project.” 

Recommendations 

The following recommendations have been proposed by the consulted people: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

There is no replacement land at all in the project area. Therefore, project affected 

persons need to be assisted in their effort to restore their income and livelihood. 

The problem of HIV/AIDS and other Sexual Transmitted Diseases in such big 

projects needs special considerations. The influx of people to the project area in 

search of job opportunity is very high. This situation aggravates the expansion of 

HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases to the local communities and 

project labour force. Therefore, the problem will be minimized if the Project 

implements prevention and Control Program for the construction workers and the 

nearby communities. The program could be handled by a local NGO that has 

experience in such field of activities or by the Wereda Health Offices if they are 

assisted to develop their capacity. 

The project should be renamed to reflect the interests of different ethnic groups 

situated in the project area. 

A very small part of King Halala and King Ijajo Wall near the Omo River will be 

affected by the reservoir. Some Wereda and Kebele Administration Officials have 

reported their concern. Therefore, the Project should plan and implement social 

development project(s) as compensation for the public use. 

Number of major crossing roads will be submerged by the reservoir and 

consequently the traditional crossing points across the Omo River will be damaged 

and do not serve the local communities. The introduction of boat and provision of 

training on boat construction to the immediate local residents will be among the 

fundamental measures to mitigate the problem. Moreover, boat transportation 

activities at the reservoir area will be an income source for some of the local 

people engaged in such activities. 

The spread of malaria after the construction of the dam and creation of the 

reservoir is very obvious. Therefore, the project has to plan appropriate prevention 

measures for the incidence of malaria. 


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With given very poor availability of social service facilities in our area, the 

government (EEPCO) should provide support to the construction of such facilities 

as public health, veterinary clinics, schools, potable water supply and electricity as 

compensation for loss of communal natural resources and public assets. 

According to local officials, it is crucial for the project owners to fully engage the 

project affected communities and local government from the outset and raise their 

awareness, and conduct a series of consultations on proposed mitigation 

strategies. It is only then that the proposed project could win local support and 

acceptance and its sustainability could be ensured. 

Photo 5.1: Discussion with Omo Sheleko and Kindo Koysha Wereda Administration 

Officials 


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Figure 5.1: 

Locations of Gibe III hydroelectric Project study area Public 

Consultation meetings (Reservoir area) 


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Table 5.1: 

Consultation Record at Zonal and Wereda Level 

Zone 

Wereda 

Wereda Consultation 

Date Participants Composition 

Zone 

1 

Wolayta Zone 09/01/08 

Administrator 

Kindo Didaye 27/02/08 10 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

14/04/06 5 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

29/01/07 13 WA, SOH, Ex. 

Kindo Koysha 05/02/08 6 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

06/03/08 1 WSOH 

Boloso Sore 19/04/08 2 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

Dawuro Zone 09/01/08 5 DZA, ZHD, ZTIDH 

21/04/06 5 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

WA, WSOH, Ex., 

5 

03/03/08 

WWA 

WA, WSOH, 

7 

Loma 

18/01/08 

Ex.,WWA 

18/04/07 9 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

10/01/08 4 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

Gena Bossa 30/01/07 9 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

Kembata Tembaro Zone 

Kachabira 15/04/06 5 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

Omo Sheleko 16/04/06 2 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

10/03/08 6 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

Hadiya Zone 09/01/08 3 ZA, EX. 

Gibe 09/01/08 3 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

14/04/06 6 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

Soro 

13/02/08 8 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

WA, WSOH, Ex., 

6 

Yem special 21/02/08 

WWA 

Jima zone 

Omo Nada 26/02/08 10 WA, WSOH, Ex. 

Note : 

WA- Wereda Administrator, WWSOH- Wereda Sector Office Head ,EX. - Experts 

ZA- Zone Administrator ,ZHOH- Zone Health Office Head, ZTIDH- Zone Trade and Industrial 

Development Head , ZEs- Zone Experts,WWA- wereda Woman Affair 

ZAEs- Zone Agricultural Experts, ZARs- Zone Administrator Representatives 


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Table 5.2: 

Discussion Summary at Zonal and Wereda Level Consultation 

Consultated Stakeholders Point of Discussion Issues raised on the Benefit, Adverse Impact and Mitigation Measures 

Wolayta, Dawero, Hdiya Zones 

and Kindo Didaye, Kindo 

Koysha, Boloso Sore, Loma, 

Gena Bosa, Kachabira, 

Omosheleko, Gibe, Soro, Omo 

Nada Weredas Officials, 

representatives and Experts 

Major impact of the Gibe-III 

Hydroelectric project and the 

Possible mitigation measures 

and Compensation Issues for 

loss of assests and farmland 

The finding of the discussion towards the benefit, impact and mitigation measures are 

presented as follows:- 

Benefit:- 

 

 

 

 

 

Expansion of electricity services to various parts of the area 

Expansion of fishing activities 

Creation of employment opportunity 

Provision of infrastructure facilities 

Access to electric light and power encourages establishments of rural based cottage 

industries and other small scale businesses 

Adverse Impact:- 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss of grazing, Farming and Forest land 

Migration of wildlife 

Spread of malaria and other Sexual Transmitted diseases 

Destruction of Hot and Holly spring water 

King Halala wall of the Dawro zone and King Ijjajo wall of the Wolayta zone 

Disrupting socio-economic and cultural relation established between people residing 

on both side of the river 

Mitigation Measure:- 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Designing an alternative mechanism to maintain the trade relation between the people 

Construction of bridges on selected crossing points 

Payment of compensation to the affected people 

Establishing and providing better health services 

Proper compensation measures for affected historical walls 

Provision of various social development activities 


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5.2.2 Public Consultation with PA and Community Groups 

A total of 1278 community members drawn from 80 Kebele Administrations were 

consulted at Community and PA level (please see photo 5.2 and 5.3 and Figure 5.1). 

The attitudes of the PA and community members have been found positive. The 

consultation record is given in Table 5.3 and 5.4 and some highlight points of the 

discussions are summarized in Table 5.5. 

The consulted community members have identified the possible positive and adverse 

impacts of the project as well as mitigation measures as summarized below. 

Positive Impacts of the Project 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Job opportunity during the project construction and operation; 

Additional income through the sales of local food and beverages for the labour 

force; 

Additional income through the provision of accommodations (bed rent) for the 

migrant workers; 

Cultural development as the result of social interactions among migrant workers 

and the local people; 

Capacity to export electric power to the immediate neighbouring countries and 

thereby able to build strong good relations with the same; 

Supply with electricity and there will be off-farm employment opportunities and 

development in different sectors including industry, 

Possibilities for fishery and crocodile development, recreation establishments, 

irrigation development and other development of infrastructures; 

Possibilities of using boat transport to communicate with neighbouring Weredas 

and communities during market days and other social occasions; and 

Great advantages for women and the whole society at large as the women use 

electric power for light instead of collecting fire wood. This in turn will contribute in 

the endeavour of environmental protection. 

Negative Impacts of the project 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss of farmland; 

Loss of forest honey production as the result of flooding; 

Loss of natural forest products such as Mitimita, Berbere, Zinjible, Korerima, etc; 

Psychological problem for those who would be displaced; 

Expansion of malaria to the nearby residents due to the creation of large water 

body; 

Loss of common grazing land along the banks of the River; 

Spread of HIV/AIDS; 

Loss of holly/hot springs along Omo River which are used by the local community 

and their cattle; 

Loss of river crossing paths causing disruptions to the social and economic 

relations among different communities living on both sides of the Omo river, 

 

Loss of incense trees, gum trees and other important trees found along the banks 

of the River; 


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Flooding of some parts of King Halala Wall/Kab) and King Ijajo Walls; 

Flooding of wildlife habitat may cause wildlife attack on humans and their cattle. 

Extra travelling time and cost as the result of the longer realigned Chida-Sodo 

road; 

Photo 5.2: Discussion with Ajora kebele committee members 

Photo 5.3: Consultation with Menera Kebele communities 


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Table 5.3: 

Consultation Record at Kebele Level 

Name of PA 

PA Consultation 


Name of PA 

Date Participants Date Participants 

Mogisa 28/02/08 6 Gebaba Lange 16/01/08 7 

Patata 04/02/08 14 Ombo Lange 16/01/08 4 

Chercha 01/01/08 6 Feneta 17/01/08 8 

Manara 28/01/08 6 Ajura Mola 05/03/08 3 

Fujanamata 16/01/08 6 Mendeye 26/01/08 4 

Mundana 28/02/08 6 Baliela 14/02/08 4 

Mashenga 28/02/08 6 Debub Abukina 02/01/08 4 

Hanaze 19/01/08 6 Bohie 03/03/08 4 

Kindo Angala 29/02/08 6 Bachora 03/04/08 3 

Bedaye 06/01/08 3 Waro 03/03/08 3 

Addisu Boderi 15/02/08 4 Gaecha 04/03/08 5 

Afaki Woiro 16/02/08 4 Farsoma 04/03/08 4 

Suba Tulema 

15/02/08 3 Ajora 05/03/08 4 

20/01/08 2 Osie 06/03/08 4 

Yolo Webiti 19/01/08 3 Bombie 06/03/08 3 

Lala Ambie 16/02/08 3 Satera 12/01/08 3 

Dido Angela 11/02/08 4 Alawichona Dabulie 14/01/08 4 

Gumer Gocho 14/02/08 3 Wogeno 12/03/08 4 

Doneba Bola 19/01/08 3 Huletegna Olie 13/02/08 3 

Buri 17/01/08 6 Andegna Olie 13/02/08 3 

Doche Deneba 16/01/08 6 Lembuda 14/02/08 3 

Zaba Delba 16/01/08 6 Gesedaena Kodada 11/01/08 4 

Dosha Aja 16/01/08 3 Halelech Bero 11/01/08 4 

Gerada Entela 16/01/08 4 Soruna Gone 20/02/08 6 

Gerada Bachera 16/01/08 4 Weyeraena Kulz 20/02/08 6 

Semera Minta 16/01/08 7 Wgerona Azagna 20/02/08 6 

Tulema Koysa 13/01/08 3 Koda 25/02/08 7 

Beza Koysha 12/01/08 3 Sara Dumecho 25/02/08 6 

Beza Shota 12/01/08 4 Kefersa Bidaru 25/02/07 6 

Arusi Ocha 12/01/08 4 Omo Duri 19/02/08 8 

Bodola Mamedo 04/01/08 4 Miti Segeda 25/02/08 4 

Orcha 05/03/08 6 Bone Sarad 21/02/08 7 

Gortancho 17/01/08 13 Afersa Gobuna 25/02/08 6 

Bureye Lange 16/01/08 6 Boru Sekelga 21/02/08 6 

Gebaba Lange 16/01/08 7 Molitich 17/01/08 6 

Ombo Lange 16/01/08 4 Zaro 28/02/08 4 

Feneta 17/01/08 8 Gocho 26/02/08 3 

Ajura Mola 05/03/08 3 Seterena Wegno 12/01/08 6 

Mendeye 26/01/08 4 Andegna Olie 13/02/08 3 

Baliela 14/02/08 4 Lembuda 14/02/08 3 

Debub Abukina 02/01/08 4 Gesedaena Kodada 11/01/08 4 

Bohie 03/03/08 4 Halelech Bero 11/01/08 4 

Bachora 03/04/08 3 Soruna Gone 20/02/08 6 

Waro 03/03/08 3 Weyera ena Kulz 20/02/08 6 

Gaecha 04/03/08 5 Wgerona Azagna 20/02/08 6 

Farsoma 04/03/08 4 Koda 25/02/08 7 

Ajora 05/03/08 4 Sara Dumecho 25/02/08 6 

Osie 06/03/08 4 Kefersa Bidaru 25/02/07 6 

Bombie 06/03/08 3 Omo Duri 19/02/08 8 

Satera 12/01/08 3 Miti Segeda 25/02/08 4 

Alawichona Dabulie 14/01/08 4 Bone Sarad 21/02/08 7 

Wogeno 12/03/08 4 Afersa Gobuna 25/02/08 6 

Huletegna Olie 13/02/08 3 Boru Sekelga 21/02/08 6 

Molitich 17/01/08 6 Gocho 26/02/08 3 

Zaro 28/02/08 4 Seterena Wegno 12/01/08 6 


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Table 5.4: 

Consultation Record at Community Level 

Kebele Date Participants Composition 

Orcha ( at Kurma village 09/03/08 33 PALs, APs 

Orcha ( at Tembe village ) 15/04/06 30 PALs, APs 

Gortancho 

15/04/06 28 PALs, APs 

19/03/08 6 PALs, APs 

Burye Lange 10/03/08 8 PALs, Aps, LEs 

Gebaba Lange 10/03/08 15 PALs, Aps, LEs 

Ombie Lange 10/03/08 5 PALs, Aps, LEs 

Ajora Mola ( at Saro Beya village) 18/04/06 15 PALs, APs 

Beliela ( at Kuta village ) 18/04/06 25 PALs, APs 

Waro ( at Waro village ) 17/04/06 31 Fa, PAsL, LE 

Zaro ( at Zaro village ) 28/02/08 62 Fa, PALs, LE 

Ose ( at Adama village ) 20/04/06 14 Fa, PALs, LE 

Patata 07/02/08 27 Fa, PALs, LE 

Cherecha 01/02/08 43 Fa, PALs, LE 

Manara 28/01/08 59 Fa, PALs, LE 

Fujenamata 17/01/08 13 Fa, PALs, LE 

Hanaze 17/01/08 28 Fa, PALs, LE 

Molitcho 17/01/08 11 Fa, PALs, LE 

Bombie ( at Sangena village ) 19/04/06 20 Fa, PALs, LE 

Addisu Bodere 15/02/08 32 Fa, PALs, LE 

Afaki Woiro 13/02/06 48 Fa, PALs, LE 

Suba Tulema 20/01/08 22 Fa, PALs, LE 

Lala Ambie 12/02/08 13 Fa, PALs, LE 

Dido Angela 11/02/08 26 Fa, PALs, LE 

Gumer Kocho ( at Gumer village) 14/02/08 20 Fa, PALs, LE 

Gocho 26/02/08 40 Fa, PALs,DA 

Note 

APs- Agro-Pasturalists, LE- Local Elder, PAL- Peasant Association leader, KWA-Kebele Woman 

Affair, Fa- Farmers, DA- Development Agent 


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Table 5.5: 

Discussion Summary at PA and Community Level 

Consulted Stakeholder Point of discussions Issues raised 

Community living in Ose and 

Bombe Kebele Administration of 

the Bombe Wereda 

 

 

 

Displacement of households 

Loss of grazing and farming land 

Flooding natural spring water and holy water 

Project affected community living 

in Soro Wereda 

 

 

 

Destruction of forest, fire wood and loss of income earned from the sale of wood 

Loss of mineral soil (bole soil) used for cattle feed 

Loss of various medicinal plants 


in Omo Sheleko Wereda 

 

Disrupting socio economic, cultural and trade relation between the communities on both 

side of the River 


in Kacha Birra Wereda 

Communities residing at Kindo 

koysha and Kindo Didaye 

Wereda of the following Kebleles 

Identify benefits, major 

impacts and possible 

mitigation and benefit 

enhancement measures of 

Gibe-III hydro power project 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss of productive farmland around the river bank of Omo River. 

Wildlife attack 

Affected seasonal movement of the pastoralist community in search of grazing land 

Damage to beehives 

Fair compensation needed to provide the PAPs for the loss of property and asset; 

Transparency by informing valuation methodologies to the project affected people is 

expected; 

Fugeuna mata, Cherecha, 

Hanaze, Zaro 

Dedo Angele, Waro, Gocho, 

Molticho, 

Patata, Adisubodore 

 

 

 

 

 

Early payment of compensation for the loss of property and asset; 

The need to reconsider the value of the property and asset and the number counted 

during the filed survey conducted; 

The need to consider the elderly people for their livelihood restoration program; 

Special assistance to women headed family; 

Some of the land remained after the expropriation is so small to sustain the family 

livelihood so that other options should be pursued; 

 

Employment opportunity need to be provided a priority to the local people; 

 

They fear that the valuation of their property and asset is so small to restore their previous 

livelihood; and 

 

Demanded to pay their compensation prior to the commencement of construction. 


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5.2.3 Public Consultation at Households Level 

Randomly selected individuals, from the different segments of the societies, around the 

future reservoir were communicated (see photo 5.4). A total of 268 individuals 

representing 53 PAs were consulted. 

Some of the perceptions expressed by the individual members of the society is presented 

below and the summary in Table 5.6. 

Positive Impacts 

 

 

Access to electricity 

Increased job opportunities 

Negative Impacts 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss of productive farmland, 

Loss of grazing land, 

Flooding of existing footpaths across the Omo River. This will cause disruptions on 

social, economic and cultural relation between the people residing on both sides of 

the Omo River, 

Loss of forest beehives and loss of honey production, 

Loss of forest resources, and 

Loss of wildlife habitat and increased wildlife attack to humans and their cattle. 


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Table 5.6: 

Consultation Summary at Individual Level 

Place of Consultation Held Point of Discussion Issues related on Particular Area of Concern 

Sheleta Village of Beza Sheleta Kebele of Gena Bossa Wereda; 

Tulufa Village of Olie 1 Kebele; Soro Wereda; 

Baba Dula, Dadale Aka, Benba Kacho, Awara; Villages of Olie 2 

Kebele; Soro Wereda; 

Ola Village of Belala Kebele; Omo Shelko Wereda; 

Gesbua Gesbu Village of Geacha Kebele; Omo Sheloko Wereda; 

Oracha Village of Kurma Kebele; Omo Sheleko Wereda; 

Waro Village of Waro Kebele; Omo Sheloko Wereda; 

Banagan Sagana Village of Bomba Kebele; Bolo Soro Wereda; 

Adama Village of Osa Kebele; Bolo Soro Wereda; 

Weijga Village of Mundana Kebele; Kindo Koysha Wereda; 

Gugenta Vilage Patata Kebele; Kindo Koysha Wereda, 

Views; and attitudes 

towards the proposed 

Gibe-III Hydroelectric 

projects 

Displacement and disruption of the economic and social ties among the 

people 

No loss of farm land, No displacement of People 

No fear about the migration and death of wildlife; 

Loss of economic and social ties of people who live on both sides of the 

river and Loss of grazing and forest land; 

Loss of crop production, economic and social interaction/relations 

Loss of grazing and forest land 

Loss of forest and grass land; disruption of economic and social relations 

Loss of social relations, forest and forest products and loss of spring water 

Incidence of wildlife attack; and Spread of malaria; 

Fear of not obtaining compensation payment for displacement and loss of 

farm and grazing land 

Spread of malaria; attack by wildlife, loss of forest and grass for roof 

making and decrease of honey production from loss of natural forest. 

Lack of grazing land and wood used for house construction and fire wood. 

Fear to loose honey production from natural bee keeping 


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Photo 5.4: Consultation with Individuals at various kebele 

5.2.4 Consultation with Agro-pastoralist Community 

The study team held discussions with an agro pastoralist communities of Orecha, 

Gorotancho, Cureyo, Lanre Gebaba, Lange and Ombolange Kebels of Soro Wereda 

reside along the Gibe River (please see photo 5.5). The objectives of the consultation is to 

identify the views of these communities towards the Gibe III Hydroelectric project. 

The livelihood of the people is based on agro-pastoralist farming system dominantly 

livestock rearing. However, between the family members there is a division of 

responsibilities and some are engaged in crop farming and others in livestock rearing. 

They move to different places along the Gibe, Gojeb and Omo River banks in search of 

grazing land. They cross these rivers and go to different Kebeles of Omonada, Bolso, 

Bomb, Tembro, Besagne and Dedo weredas and Konta and Yeme Special Weredas. 

Most of the people stay in these Kebeles from January to September and in November 

they return to their respective Kebeles. However, some members of the households stay 

back during May for farming seasons. 

According to the information obtained from Soro Wereda Office of Agriculture and Rural 

Development, about 632 households belonging to this agro-pastoralist communities move 

from place to place in search of pasture land for their livestock. They also indicated there 

is serious shortage of livestock feed resources within the wereda. 

They expressed their strong concern about the loss of their crossing points to flooding and 

the possibility of losing their traditional grazing resources on the other side of the rivers. 

They think that it is “impossible” to use such pasture lands on the other side of the River 

after the creation of the long and deep reservoir. 

The other important point raised in the discussion is also that there is a strong trade, 

cultural, blood and marriage ties between communities on both sides of the river. The 

people of Hadiya zone particularly Soro Gibe and Gembor Wereda attend a weekly 

market with the communities from Dawro and Jimma zones and Konta and Yem Special 

Weredas. The detail about the pattern of movement of the pastoralist is shown in 

Figure 5.2. 

As mitigation measures, the Agro-pastoralist communities proposed construction of a 

bridge across the Gibe River (See Figure 5.2). 

During the consultation it was learnt that, although the Hadiya community members use 

the pasture land of Dawro, Omo Nada and Yem Weredas, they are constantly in conflict 

over the resources with the indigenous people. They are often attacked, robbed their 


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properties and set fire on their temporary dwellings to force them out from what they claim 

to be their grazing land. 

Photo 5.5: Consultation with Orcha kebele Agro-pastoral communities 

5.3 Consultation- Downstream Areas 

The downstream part of the project is entirely situated within SNNP Regional State. The 

implementation of the Project will affect a total of four weredas within the South Omo 

zone. 

Consultations were conducted with the identified stakeholders at the following places. 

 

 

 

South Omo Zonal Administration Office, 

Dasenech; Selamago; Hammer; Nangatom Wereda Administration Offices; and 

Communities and Individuals from Mursi; Karo, Hammer, Nyangatom and 

Dasenech ethnic groups. 


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Figure 5.2: 

Gibe III Hydroelectric Project Movements of Agro- pastoralist 


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5.3.1 Findings of Consultations with Local Government 

Consultations were made with South Omo Zone and the respective four Wereda 

Administrations and Sectoral offices (see photo 5.6 and 5.7). Figure 5.3 shows the 

locations of the public consultation meetings and Table 5.7 summary of the consultation 

records. The aim of consultations is to elicit the perceptions, attitudes and views of the 

consulted stakeholders towards the project impact, and their mitigation measures. For this 

effect, three core issues were selected for consultation with the stakeholders and these 

include: 

 

 

 

Create public awareness about the project; 

Identify major positive and negative impacts of the project; and 

Propose possible mitigation measures. 

Key issues/suggestions raised by the consulted stakeholder are briefly discussed below 

and summarized in Table 5.8. 

 

 

 

 

Area for recession cultivation will be reduced and they proposed introduction of 

modern irrigation system using diesel and solar pump; 

Reduction of fishing activities on the River Omo and Lake Turkana will take place 

as the result of the project and alternate options is required through the 

introduction of modern fishing technology and materials for the fishing 

communities; 

Recession grazing along the Omo River bank will be reduced particularly during 

the dry season. Hence, optional development approach should be taken by 

concerned bodies for the development of improved varieties of forage crops; and 

Provide access to electricity to the Lower Omo communities. 


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Figure 5.3: Gibe III hydroelectric Project Locations of Public Consultation Meetings 

(Down Stream) 


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Photo 5.6: Discussion with South Omo Zone 

ARDB Official Photo 

Photo 5.7: Discussion with Dasenech Wereda 

Officials 

Table 5.7: 

Consultation Record at Zonal and Wereda Level 

Zone 

South Omo Zone 

Wereda 

Wereda Consultation 


06/06/07 4 ZA, ZHOH, ZAEs 

06/12/07 3 ZARs 

11/05/07 9 WA, WSOH, Exp. 

Desenech 10/01/07 10 WA, WSOH, Exp. 

17/05/07 17 WA, WSOH, Exp. 

Hammer 17/12/07 5 WA, WSOH, Exp. 

17/12/07 3 WA, WSOH, Exp. 

Nangatom 13/12/07 12 WA, WSOH, Exp. 

Selamago 15/12/07 9 WA, WSOH, Exp. 

Note: 

WA- Wereda Administrator, WWSOH- Wereda Sector Office Head, EXp.- Experts, ZA- Zone 

Administrator , ZHOH- Zone Health Office Head, ZTIDH- Zone Trade and Industrial Development 

Head , ZEs- Zone Experts, WWA- Wereda Woman Affair , ZAEs- Zone Agricultural Experts, 

ZARs- Zone Administrator Representatives 


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Table 5.8: 

Discussions Result: Downstream Zonal and Wereda level 

Consulted Stakeholder Point of Discussions Discussion Summary 

Nyangatom Wereda Administrative Council 

Selamago Wereda Administrative Council 

Hammer Wereda Administrative Council 

Dasenech Wereda Administrative Council 

Identify the major positive and negative 

impacts of the project 

To propose the possible mitigation measure 

and 

To create public awareness 

They believed the project will contribute for both national and 

regional economic development. 

The livelihood of the Nayangtom Mursi, Bacha, and Bodi 

people are largely dependent upon Omo River so that they 

are fear to be affected by the reduction of river flow and 

disruption to recession cultivation and traditional fishing 

activities. 

They proposed the following interventions: 

 

 

 

 

modern irrigation system using diesel and solar 

pump; 

access to electricpower/light; 

modern fishing technology and supply of fishing 

material; and 

Improved forage development to the communities. 

The impoundment of the Omo river will reduce the water flow 

in the river; 


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5.3.2 Findings of Consultations with PA and Community Members 

Four major ethnic groups Mursi, Nyangatom, Karo and Daseanceh who are situated in the 

South Omo Zone were consulted. 93 community members participated in the 

consultations. Summary of the consultation record at PA and community level are 

presented in Table 5.9 and Table 5.10 respectively. 

Key results of the consultations 

 

 

 

The consulted people are concerned about the reduction in the flow of the Omo 

River. They think that this will exacerbate the socio economic life and livelihood 

sources of all of the pastoralist community in the Lower Omo; 

Decrease in the flow of the river will also bring about reduction in the size of 

recession cultivation and crop production and also decline in fishing activities; and 

Since the people are pastoralists and they own large number of livestock 

population, they expressed their concern that the grazing land will be reduced as 

the flood decreases. They think that this will cause serious shortage of livestock 

feed. Shortage of livestock feed is already a critical problem for all of the 

communities residing along the river. 

Photo 5.8: Consultation with Dasenech 

Communities 

Photo 5.9: Consultation with Karadus 

Communities 

Photo 5.10: Consultation with Mursi 

Communities 

Photo 5.11: Consultation with Dasenech 

Communities near Lake Turkana 


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Table 5.9: 

Consultations Record at Downstream PA Community 

Name of PA 


Date Participants 

Composition 

Kuchey 19/12/07 4 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Narakoye 19/12/07 1 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Lupukey 19/12/07 1 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Natika 19/12/07 2 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Ayapa 19/12/07 2 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Shenkera 19/12/07 2 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Lurengkichew 19/12/07 1 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Nakluman 19/12/07 1 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Aptkute 19/12/07 1 PALs, WR, and Les, DA 

Note 

PA Ls- Peasant Association Leaders, WR- Wereda Representative, LEs- Local Elders, DA- 

Development Agent 

Table 5.10: Consultations Record with Downstream Communities 

Name of PA 



Kara Koycho 18/12/07 25 PAL, AP,DA 

Kara Duse 06/06/07 40 PALs and Fa 

Alkatakch, Lobet 20/12/07 45 APs, PAL, KWA 

Rate 11/05/07 33 APs, PAL, KWA 

Omo Hana and Gura 15/12/07 32 APs, PAL, KWA 

Haylewa 08/05/07 20 Fa, pALs 

Note 

APs- Agro-Pastoralists, PAL- Peasant Association leader, Fa- Farmers , DA- Development Agent, 

LE- Local Elder, KWA- Kebele Woman Affair 


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Table 5.11: Discussions Result Downstream Community 

Consulted Stakeholder 

Communities of various kebeles 

at down stream weredas 

Point of discussions 

Key issues 

Identify the major positive and 

negative impacts of the project, 

propose the possible mitigation 

measures and create public 

awareness 

Discussions Summary 

The participants obtained information about Gibe III Hydroelectric project 

and raised their fears and concerns; inter alia: 

 

 

 

impacts on Omo river flow; 

impacts on recession cultivation and fishing activities; and 

Impacts on livestock grazing. 

Proposed the following measures: 

 

 

 

 

modern irrigation system using diesel and solar pump; 

access to electric light; 

modern fishing technology and supply of fishing material for fishery 

development; 

Provision of improved forage development. 


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5.4 Findings of Consultations on Cultural Resources 

Consultation was made with the concerned governmental institutions both at Federal, 

Regional, and Zonal level about the cultural resources of the project area. This include the 

two historical heritage sites of King Halala Keelaa of the Dawro Zone and King Ijajo 

Keelaa of the Wolyta Zone. The aim of the discussion was to assess and verify the 

possible impacts on the cultural resources and to collect suggestions on the mitigation 

measures to be taken. 

The consulted stakeholders include; 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage; 

Information and Cultural Bureau of The South Nations Nationalities and Peoples 

Regions(SNNPR); 

Wolyta Zonal Administration Offices; 

Dawro Zonal Administration Offices; and 

Gena Bosa Wereda, Loma Wereda, Kindo Koysha Wereda Administrations. 

Key Summary of the discussion is presented below (see Table 5.12). 

 

 

 

 

 

They expressed their concern that a section of historical heritage sites will be 

flooded by the reservoir; 

They requested to recognise the Ijajo Keelaa of Wolayta and the Halala Keelaa of 

Dawro as a heritage site. 

They proposed ARCCH together with Information ad Culture Bureau of SNNPR to 

carry out research on these historical walls. 

They suggested that full and urgent documentation works should be carried out on 

the very high risk sites. 

All the consulted people believed that there should be provision of compensation 

for the loss of cultural resources caused due to the project and the compensation 

should be designed for the public use. 


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Table 5.12: Consultations Summary on Cultural heritage and Historical Resources 

Consultant Stakeholder Point of Discussion Discussion Summary 

 

The Authority for Research and 

Conservation of Cultural Heritage 

(ARCCH) 

 

Historical values, location and 

extent of the stone fortifications 

 

Immediate registration of the Ijaajo keelaa of Wolayta and 

the Halala Keelaa of Dawro as Cultural Heritage by 

ARCCH. 

 

 

 

Information and Cultural Bureau of the 

SNNP 

Dawro Zonal Administration 

Wolyata Zonal Administration 

 

 

Evaluate the potential impact of 

the Gibe III project on these 

cultural resources 

To jointly identify 

mitigation/compensation 

measures 

 

 

Survey on the part of the affected historical walls of Ijjajo 

and Halala is demanded, through which the record and 

documentation of the cultural heritage of the area will be 

maintained; 

The administration of the Wolayta and Dawro Zone through 

the responsible offices requested financial assistance to 

protect the wall of Ijaajo from man-made and natural 

hazards; 

 

Having of the research results, it is suggested that all 

responsible bodies together with stakeholders and 

collaborators should promote these sites. 

 

 

Gena Bosa and Loma Wereda of the 

Dawro Zonal Administration 

Kindo Koysha Wereda Administration 

of the Wolyta Zonal Administration 

 

Identify major impacts of Gibe-III 

hydro power project 

 

The creation of the reservoir will cause disruptions to the 

socio-economic and cultural relation established between 

the people residing on both sides of the River. 

 

Boloso Sore Wereda 


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5.5 Finding of Consultation on Protected Area and Other Tourist 

Attraction Sites 

The Omo and Mago National Park and Murule Controlled Hunting Area (CHA) are located 

in the downstream of the Gibe-III scheme. Concerning the potential impacts of the Gibe III 

scheme on the wildlife resources their habitat and feed sources has been discussed with 

the following offices. 

 

 

 

 

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development; 

Omo National Park; 

Mago National park, and 

Murule Controlled Hunting Area (CHA). 

Summary of the perception, expressed by the Park staff is presented in brief below: 

 

 

 

 

They expressed their concern about the impact of high fluctuation in the river flow 

which will consequently affect their communities and tourism initiatives; 

The initiatives include a boat transport service to tourists interested in both cultural 

and natural assets of the area located between the park and Lake Turkana; 

They confirmed that the reduced flow in the river will have no impact on the wildlife 

feed resources for the browsing animals in the Park; 

The impact of reduced flow in the recession grazing area for the pastoralist 

community will force them to encroach into the National parks in search of grazing 

resources for their livestock in time of feed shortages. 

5.6 Finding of Consultation with Non Governmental Organisation 

Currently, Non Governmental Organizations are actively involved in the social 

development activities within the community in the Lower Omo. These include: 

 

 

 

Farm Africa; 

Ethiopian Pastoralist Area Research and Development Association (EPARDA); 


Catholic Church and Refuge Trust. 

These organizations are engaged in various socio-economic developments, which include 

health, education, water supply, livestock health and disease prevention and control, 

conflict resolutions, food security, natural resource and agriculture. 

Therefore, these organisations are consulted as project stakeholders to share their 

concerns about the possible adverse impact of the project and to identify the possible 

mitigation measures for the impacts. Discussions were conducted with the officials of 

these organisations. 

The perception expressed by these NGOs is summarized below: 

 

 

They proposed an intervention in the form of social development plan in 

agriculture, livestock and fishery development sector. 

Reduced flow of water caused due to the creation of the reservoir will reduce the 

existing recession grazing land. Therefore, other alternative measures have to be 

designed and implemented to solve shortages of livestock feed resource in dry 

season. 


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6 Pubic Consultation and Disclosure meeting 

6.1 Background and Objective 

In compliance with the national EPA and ADB’S guidelines, EEPCO has carried out a 

Public Consultation and Disclosure (PCD) meeting and presented the following study 

reports. 

 

 

 

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) 

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) 

The purpose of the consultation and disclosure program is to disseminate project 

information and to incorporate stakeholders’ views including project Affected Persons 

(PAPS) in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), Environmental and 

social Management Plan (ESMP) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) documents. 

The Specific adjectives of PCD include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

To inform stakeholders about the ESIA, ESMP and RAP documents; 

To provide timely information about the project to potentially impacted 

communities and other stakeholders and that these groups are given sufficient 

opportunity to voice their opinions and concerns; 

To develop mechanisms for stakeholder feedback and information sharing; 

To ensure transparency and involvement of stakeholders in assessing and 

managing all activities related to land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation; 

To obtain information about the need and priorities of PAPS; and 

To discuss opportunities for co-operation and participation of PAPS in activities 

required for the overall project activities in accordance with the EPA, AfDB, EIB 

other international financers requirements. 

6.2 Requirements and Guidelines 

The ESIA, ESMP and RAP for the proposed Gibe III hydro Electric are prepared within the 

framework of national and international environmental regulations. The PCD have also 

been carried out to comply with the requirements of these guidelines. These requirements 

are summarized and presented below; 

6.2.1 EPA’S Requirements and Guidelines 

The federal EPA in its proclamation no. 299-2002 has relevant articles on the public 

consultation and disclosure plan: 

Proclamation no. 299-2002, section 5, No. 1&2 sates that: 1) the authority or the relevant 

regional environmental agency shall make any environmental impact study report 

accessible to the public and solicit comments on it, and 2) The authority or the relevant 

regional environmental agency shall ensure that the comments made by the public and 

particularly by communities likely to be affected by the project are incorporated into the 

environmental impact study report as well as in its evaluation. 

6.2.2 European Investment Bank 

The EIB has several policy documents on PCDP and these include: 

EIB Public Disclosure Policy, Principles, Rules and Procedures, (March 2006) 

and, 


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EIB Environmental Statement, 2004, including an EIA according to Directive 

85/337/EEC, amended by Directive 97/11/EC. 

African Development Bank 

The AfDB requires community engagement programme and the ESIA to be consistent 

with the Integrated Environmental and Social Assessment Guidelines (2003). The 

assessment should also cover various cross cutting issues as they relate to the 

environment, community development, gender, broad community support, etc. 

6.3 Summary of Issues 

Based on the requirements of EPA, AFDB and EIB guidelines, EEPCO had carried out 

Public Consultation and Disclosure activity to provide timely and accurate information to 

project-affected people and other stakeholders. 

The Stakeholders present for the disclosure meeting include: Affected local Communities, 

local and Regional Governments and Agencies, and Interested organizations, etc. (see 

Photos below). 

The participants have given their opinions, shared experiences and discussed critical 

issues. Throughout the current consultation and disclosure process, a number of project 

implementation and operation related issues were identified by the stakeholders and 

these are summarized and presented in the minutes of meetings (see Annex). 

Photo 6.1: 

Public Consultation and Disclosure at Bele 


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7 Future Consultation and Disclosure Events 

The next phase of public consultation indicates the future plan of action for conducting a 

discourse program. As Public Consultation is part of disclosure of findings, consultative 

meetings and on-going consultations should be built into the project implementation 

process. Many of the issues that were raised during the consultation held with various 

stakeholders will be taken back to the stakeholders in due course of project 

implementation. Results of the consultation will also be communicated to the stakeholders 

for feedback on the progress of the implementation of the project. These would give the 

opportunity to provide the stakeholders with confidence and trust on the project so that full 

commitment of the stakeholders will be ensured. Thus the future consultation events will 

be planned to carryout at different steps, within which various actions and engagement 

activities will be promoted and addressed. 

The consultation has identified important issues and provided crucial inputs for the 

preparation of this Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP) for Gibe III 

Hydroelectric project. 

7.1 Information Disclosure 

Gibe- III project will use a variety of communication techniques to announce major project 

milestones and decisions points. The selected communication techniques will be 

consultative meetings with the identified stakeholders about the result reached on the first 

consultation process and provision of draft PCDP report and collect a feed back from the 

participants of the meetings. 

Various information dissemination techniques will be used for the dissemination of the 

information about the project, its impact, and mitigation measures. 

Documents of Disclosure 

The following documents prepared for Gibe III Hydroelectric project will be disclosed. 

These documents are considered to be the primary project documents which form the 

basis for project evaluation from both social and environmental perspectives. 

1. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: Dam and Reservoir 

2. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: Additional Study for Downstream 

Area 

3. Environmental and Social Management Plan 

4. Environmental and Social Impact assessment: Chida-Sodo Road Realignment 

5. Resettlement Action Plan 

6. Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan 

The executive summary will be written in English and Amharic. In addition, it will be 

translated into the local languages. The summary and publicly released reports, shall be 

short and be written in a non-technical language. 

Public Notice 

Public notice will be prepared, and include relevant information on project objective, 

descriptions, benefits, impacts and planned mitigative measures to get feedbacks so as to 

improve the project management and the performance of the project. A public notice will 

be used to announce the status of the project and results of additional studies. 

 

In the news letter of the Ethiopian Herald (English) 


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In the news letter of the Addis Zemen (Amharic) 

Other mass media – radio, and television; 

Draft documents will be dispatched to all identified stakeholders for their review 

and feed back; 

The draft documents of the ESIA, ESMP and PCDP would be available in the web 

site of EEPCO and stays for certain period of time, within which it could be 

possible to collect feedback, comments, and suggestion from interested entities. 

Consultative Meetings 

All stakeholders identified and consulted during the initial phase of the public consultation 

process would be called to the next phase of consultative meetings. 

The purpose of the meetings will be to: 

 

 

 

 

update them with the new project information; 

present the findings on the consultative meetings; 

present the Draft PCDP; and 

Present the proposed community development initiatives. 

The required information on project objectives, descriptions, and potential impacts will be 

shared with the Stakeholders to make them aware about the project impacts, and the 

likely mitigation measures to be pursued and implemented. The participants will be 

encouraged to forward ideas, questions and comments to facilitate the implementation. 

The results of the next discussions will also be incorporated in the final PCDP report for 

future consideration and implementation. 

7.2 Issues to be discussed during Future Consultation 

Two broad categories of issues are identified for future consultation (see Table 7.1). 

These are; 

 

 

Issues of concerns raised by different stakeholders; and 

The proposed Community Development Program. 


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Table 7.1: 

Issues of Stakeholder Concerns which require Detail Discussion 

Issues to be discussed 

Community Development 

Program 

Safety Issues 

Tourist Operation 

Cultural Heritage 

Priority of Jobs for the local 

people 

Compensation for the loss of 

properties and assets 

Forest management plan/Buffer 

Area Development Plan 

Institutional Mechanisms for the 

implementation of PCDP for the 

release of annual reports etc, 

redressing of grievances, etc. 

Required inputs to be collected 

Local residents and local governments should provide 

proposals on the issues of the program that requires due 

attention for short and long term so as to ensure the project 

is sustainable and communities are benefited. 

Safety issues to be addressed to protect the people from the 

attack of wildlife; 

How people evacuate from the reservoir area as early as 

possible before the reservoir inundated the area; 

How the reservoir filling is managed, from the perspectives 

of the communities view, and the local government; 

The impact on the park and its management should be 

assessed against the tourism operation; 

How the required information would be collected, in what 

scope and level, along with the required resources both to 

cover the cost towards to conducting the survey, 

archaeological research activities, and documentation. 

In what ways these be accommodated into the initiation and 

preparation of the community development program; 

How the local people will be getting an employment 

opportunities in the project, how the local people be informed 

about the recruitment policy, regulation, rules and other 

required information advertised and reached to the local 

people to get employed in the project; 

The required skill for local people should be rearranged so 

that the local people could contribute better to bring success 

in project activities; 

How safety measures would be applied by the project will be 

assessed and consulted 

The project affected people should know the governing 

principles, laws, policies and procedure applied and used to 

effect compensation; 

How the forest resources being managed and designed 

systematic plan for their future management and usage plan; 

contribution of EEPCO in this respect should be addressed 

Implementation arrangement, staffing, and the full 

participation of all identified stakeholders should be required. 

Priority agreement on the proposed institutional and 

organising arrangements in Resettlement Action Plan for 

Gibe III Hydroelectric project 


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7.3 Grievance Mechanisms 

Grievance redress mechanisms and procedures for the implementation of the 

Resettlement Action Plan for Gibe III Hydroelectric project will also be used as a reference 

procedure to resolve grievances that might occur. The following approach is proposed. 

Step1: 

Step2: 

Step 3: 

Step 4: 

As a first step, the grievances redress committee will be established by 

members drawn from PAP, PAs in which the dissatisfied people live in; elders, 

Wereda Administration, and the project office representatives are included. 

The committee receive all complaints and grievances relating to any aspect of 

implementing the project and its associated impacts 

The committee uses different methodologies to refine the complaints through 

consultations with aggrieved in a transparent manner. 

If the aggrieved does not get any response from the committee within a 

reasonable time of filling the complaint, or if the matter is not resolved to the 

satisfaction aggrieved, the person will submit the complaint to the regular court 

having jurisdiction. 

A party dissatisfied with a decision rendered in the regular court may appeal, 

as may be appropriate, to the regular appellate court. The decision of the court 

shall be final. 


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8 References 

1. African Development Bank. 2004. African Development Bank Group’s Policy on the 

Environment. February 2004. 

2. African Development Bank. 2001. Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures for 

African Development Bank’s Public Sector Operations. June 2001. 

3. African Development Bank. 1995. Guidelines on Involuntary Displacement and 

Resettlement in Development Projects. 

4. African Development Bank (AfDB). 2006. http://www.afdb.org/. 

5. African Development Bank. 2003. Integrated Environmental and Social Impact 

Assessment Guidelines. October 2003. 

6. African Development Bank (1995), Guidelines on involuntary Displacement and 

resettlement in Development Projects, Abidjan, Coted’Ivoire. 

7. African Development Bank (2001), Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures for 

African Development Bank’s Public Sector Operations, Abidjan, Coted’Ivoire 

8. Carr, J.Claudia 1977. Pastoralism in Crisis the Dassanech and their Ethiopian Lands 

9. Chicago: The University of Chicago. 

10. Central Statistical Authority, (1997). Agricultural Sample survey 1996/97 Vol II. 

11. Central Statistics Authority, (1994). The population & Housing Census of Ethiopia. Results 

for Amhara Region. Volume I: Part I – IV, 2004. 

12. Clark, J. Desmond, (1974). Archaeological and Paleo-ecological Field Studies in East and 

Central Ethiopia. Monograph. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 

13. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1/1995. 

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 

14. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: EPA, (1997), Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; 

Addis Ababa. 

15. EPA (1995), Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Environmental Protection Authority: 

Proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Authority. Proclamation 

No. 09/1995. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 

16. EPA (2002), Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Environmental Pollution Control 

Proclamation. Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 

17. EPA (2003). State of Environment Report for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 

18. Ethiopian Tourism Commission, (1995). Regional Tourism Development Plan for North, 

East and West Ethiopia. Final Report, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 

19. European Investment Bank (EIB). 2002. The EIB and its Contribution to Sustainable 

Development. 2002. http://www.eib.org. 

20. European Investment Bank (EIB). 2001. The EIB Project Cycle. 2001. http://www.eib.org. 

21. European Investment Bank (EIB). 2004. Environmental Statement 2004. 

http://www.eib.org/Attachments/strategies/environmental_statement_en.pdf. 

22. European Investment Bank (EIB). 2006. Final Draft: Public Disclosure Policy, Principles, 

Rules and Procedures. 

23. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Environmental Protection Authority: 

Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation. Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis 

Ababa, 2002. 


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24. International Finance Corporation (IFC). 1998. International Finance Corporations 

Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s). July 

1, 1998. 

25. International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2003. International Finance Corporations 

Environmental and Social Guidelines for Occupational Health and Safety. June, 2003. 

26. International Finance Corporation (IFC). 1998. International Finance Corporations General 

Health and Safety Guidelines. July 1, 1998. 

27. International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2006. International Finance Corporation’s Policy 

on Disclosure of Information. April 2006. 

28. International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2006. International Finance Corporation’s Policy 

on Social and Environmental Sustainability. April 2006. 

29. International Finance Corporation (IFC). 2006. Safeguard Policy Update: Comparison of 

IFC Policy and Performance Standards with Safeguard Issues Identified by the EIR 

Management Response. 

30. MoWR, (2000). Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy. 

31. World Bank (1991), Environmental Assessment Source Book, (Volume I, II & III). World 

Bank Documents Number 139, 140 & 141. 

32. World Bank Group. 1998. General Environmental Guidelines. July 1998. 


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Annexes 

Annex 1: 

Unofficial Translation of the Transcription of Consultation 

Annex 1.1: Consultation Records with Zonal, Wereda and Kebele Officials 

Transcription of Zone Officials concerns as registered during the ‘preliminary 

consultative meeting’ (PCM) held with experts of the consulting firm (MDI) in 

connection with ‘Gibe 3 Hydro-Electric Power Project’. 

The PCM members are composed of various Zone Officials/representatives and MDI 

representatives. The focus of the PCM is to: 

 

 

 

 

Inform the PAPs and their leaders about and discuss the nature and scale of 

adverse impacts of the project on their livelihood and propose acceptable 

mitigation and benefit enhancement measures farm lands; 

Relocation places/sites for the households that are going to lose and other assets 

by the reservoir; 

To inform local authorities of the impacts, agree on a cut-off date, solicit their views 

on the projects and discuss their share of responsibility for smooth functioning of 

the overall project operation; and 

Agree on who or which of the organisations are pertinent to take part in the event 

of payment for compensation. 

Their deliberations on the themes have been summarised in the following manner: 

Place/Venue of the PCM: In the Zone Office Date: 09/01/08 

Zone: Dawro PCM composition: Representatives from 

different Zone Offices and 

MDI 

Number of participants: 09 

Project Benefit: 

 

 

 

It will provide better opportunity for the promotion of tourism and fishery; 

It will enhance income and employment opportunity; and 

It will provide ample opportunities for the expansion of basic infrastructural 

services. 

Adverse Impacts: 

 

Although there are a number of advantages that are going to be obtained from the 

project, it also has adverse effects and these include: 

o Displacement of farmers and the loss of farm lands and other assets, 

o Loss of forests and forest resources including organisms sheltering them, 

o The reservoir will flood the available crossings to adjacent weredas and the 

existing communication among communities will be blocked, 

o Flooding of hot springs that have healing effects both for human and livestock 

population, 

o Malaria infestation will increase as a result of creation of the reservoir since it 

will create conducive environment for the breeding of the vector, 

o Increased spread of HIV/AIDS as there will be influx of migrants in search of 

work from other areas to the project site, and 

o Flooding of Halala Wall- a historical heritage of the Dawro people. 


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Relocation sites: 

 

 

Some displaced farms could be relocated in kebeles where there are relatively 

some spaces to accommodate them. 

Others who would be interested to engage in trading should be given training in 

business skill before they embark on the job. 

Participants in compensation payment: 

The form of compensation may not be limited to financial payment alone. Government 

sectors that could provide their services should involve in augmenting the compensation 

in kind. The Administration Office being as coordinator, the following representatives from 

Government Offices should be included in the compensation and rehabilitation activities: 

 

 

 

 

Agriculture and Rural Development; 

Health; 

Justice and Security; and 

Trade and Small Scale Enterprise. 

Place/Venue of the PCM: Wereda Office Date: 21/04/06 

Wereda: Loma PCM composition: Woreda Officials and 

representatives of MDI 


The PCM members are officials who are serving under various capacities in the wereda 

and MDI representatives and the following were main items of discussion: 

 

 

Benefits or positive impacts of the project; and 

Adverse or negative impacts of same. 

The consensus that had been developed from the PCM is the following. 

Benefits: 

 

 

The communities in the wereda would benefit from access to electricity; 

It will provide employment opportunity and will reduce the chronic and pervasive 

unemployment existing in the wereda and the officials vowed to contribute their 

share towards the realisation of the project. 


 

 

 

 

 

Social infrastructure and historical sites will be submerged by the reservoir; 

Vast areas of the Omo Valley will be submerged by the reservoir resulting in out 

migration of wildlife; 

The reservoir could be a suitable place for harboring waterborne diseases as 

malaria; 

Limited numbers of farmers could be displaced; and 

Part of the Sodo-Chida road will be no more accessible as it is going to be 

submerged by the reservoir. 


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Place/Venue of the PCM: Woreda Office Date: 18/01/08 

Wereda: Loma PCM composition: Woreda Officials and 

representatives of 

MDI 


The PCM members are composed of officials of the wereda who are serving under 

various capacities and MDI representatives and the following were main points of the 

consultative meeting: 

 

 

Expected benefits accruing from the project; and 

The negative effects resulting from it. 

Outcomes of the consultation are summarised below. 

Advantages of the project: 

 

 

 

It will create employment opportunity for the local residents; 

Fish farming will be introduced and communities nearby the reservoir will increase 

their income through fishing; 

Electric light and power supply capacity of the country in general and to the local 

communities in particular could be enhanced; 

Negative impact of the project: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Displacement of limited number of farmers will occur; 

Trees where incense and Arabic gum are extracted from will be destroyed; 

Forest products which are essential for construction and energy sources will be 

flooded; 

Grazing lands will be lost due to the reservoir; 

Potential agricultural areas will be covered by the reservoir water; 

River crossing will be flooded and travel time to markets and other social services 

will increase and so will transportation cost; 

Malaria could be the major health problem for people living nearby the reservoir; 


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Wereda: Genna Bossa PCM composition: Woreda Officials and 


MDI 



and MDI representatives and the following were main points of discussion: 

Expected project benefits; 

Undesirable effects that would result from the project/reservoir; and 

Solutions to mitigate the negative effects. 

After the deliberation they finally have reached to a consensus and it is summarised 

below. 

Expected Benefits: 

 

 

 

 

 

Local community members will have access to electricity; 

Fishery will be a new endeavour and thus an opportunity for earning income; 

Favourable conditions will arise for using irrigated agriculture and farmers will 

increase their production by producing more than once annually; 

School leavers will have opportunity to gain both short and long term employment 

opportunity in the project; and 

Electric power supply will induce the expansion of small scale or cottage industries 

in the localities. 

Anticipated negative effects: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A number of tracks and footpaths that provide easy accesses to markets will be 

submerged by the reservoir and not only trade between communities will suffer but 

also social relations that has existed over the years; 

Some households could lose their houses and farmlands due to the reservoir; 

Communal forest and forest resources at the riverbanks will be flooded by the 

reservoir; 

As the reservoir occupies the substantial areas of wildlife habitats the wildlife will 

increasingly become vulnerable to extinction; 

Malaria and Trypanosomiasis infestation could become pervasive causing health 

hazards to human and livestock; and 

Hot springs that have healing effects to human will be inundate by the reservoir. 

Solutions to the problems: 

 

 

 

Alternative access routes should be put in place to maintain trade and social 

contacts between the communities intact; 

Displaced persons should be relocated in areas that are conductive for living and 

agriculture production; and 

Appropriate compensation modalities should be worked out and applied to those 

who deserve it. 


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and MDI representatives and the discussion centred more on the need for cooperation 

from the local government side in connection with environmental and social impact 

assessment. Likewise: 

 

 

 

 

The officials understand that there will be economic and social benefit due to the 

project; 

The wereda officials have learnt that part of the Halala wall could be submerged by 

the reservoir; 

They were also informed of some losses to be encountered with regard to the 

natural resources in the event of the creation of the reservoir; and 

The Government Offices were willing to assign appropriate staff who could take 

part and facilitate in the various discussions that are going to be held at various 

levels in the Wereda. 


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The PCM members are composed of officials of the wereda who are serving under 

various capacities and MDI representatives and the following were the main points of 

discussion: 

 

 

 

What the project would benefit; 

What adverse effects would result from the project/reservoir; and 

What solutions would there be to mitigate the adverse effects. 

The outcomes of the consultation are summarised below: 

Project Benefits: 

 

 

 

 

A number of production and service industries have been unable to operate due to 

shortage of power supply and these will resume as soon as the project is 

completed; 

Power supply will induce the expansion of small scale or cottage industries in the 

localities and will advance employment opportunity; 

Fishery will be a new and additional activity to farmers and a source of 

employment for the jobless; and 

Irrigation will be a new and innovative agricultural production system for the local 

farmers. 

Harmful effects: 

 

 

 

 

 

There will be some farmers who will be displaced from their farmland, 

Hot springs that have curative effect for mild ailments will be flooded by the 

reservoir, 

Some tree species that are important for construction and for making household 

utensils will be lost; 

Forests and the resources in them will be lost, and 

The dam work could involve substantial numbers of workers from every corner of 

the country and this will aggravate the spread of AIDS epidemic. 

Proposed mitigation measures: 

 

 

Provide compensation for those who could lose individual and communal assets; 

In accordance to their preferences and appropriateness, relocate displaced 

farmers in conducive places, or provide alternative employment opportunities, or 

make financial compensation. 


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Wereda: Kindo Koysha PCM composition: Woreda Officials and 



Beneficial Impacts: 

 

 

 

 

 

The community could benefit by the road infrastructure that are going to be built by 

the project; 

Unemployment could be reduced by the newly emerging promising opportunity; 

Fishery will be a new endeavour and thus an opportunity for both income earning 

and strengthening food security; 

Irrigated agriculture will become a common practice; and 

They will have access to electricity and to certain extent easing the pressure on 

the natural resources; 

Negative outcomes: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Limited number of farmers will be displaced; 

Grazing lands will be lost; 

Forest products which are essential for construction and energy sources will be 

lost; 

Harvesting honey from forest tree trunks and crevices of rocks would be lost; 

Tracks, foot paths and other crossing points will be flooded by the reservoir and 

thus access to market will be interapted; 

Part of the Sodo-Chida road will be flooded and users will face access problems; 


Out migration of wildlife could result. 

Mitigating measures: 

 

 

 

Compensation should be accorded to those who have lost their individual as well 

as communal assets and facilities; 

Health services and facilities should be expanded to mitigate the higher health risk 

caused by the reservoir; and 

Alternative road should be built in order to up keep the links between communities 

of Wolayita and Dawro. 


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The officials understand that the economic and social benefit that the project would 

bring about. 

The wereda Officials have learnt that six of the kebeles in the wereda will be 

affected by the project. 


natural resources in the event of the creation of the reservoir. 

The wereda Officials have learnt that part of the ‘natural wall’ could be submerged 

by the reservoir and appropriate compensation should be accorded with this 

regard, and 

The Government Offices were willing to cooperate with the Team in any 

endeavour that could fulfil the task of the assessment (environmental and social 

impact). 





 

 

 

 


bring about. 

The wereda officials have learnt that historical artefacts will be lost due to the 

reservoir. 


natural resources in the event of the creation of the reservoir, and 


part and facilitate in the various discussions that are going to be held at various 

levels in the wereda. 


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Wereda: Soro PCM composition: Woreda Officials and 



Project Benefit: 

 

It will improve rural electrification and hence expanding the scope for using power 

for social and economic activities; 

Harmful effects: 

 

 

 

 

 

Although no households’ farms and assets are lost to the reservoir other 

communal assets like access to grazing lands will be difficult; 

Hadya livestock farmers of the wereda usually travel across the Gibe River in 

search of grazing for their livestock and due to loss of crossing points this may not 

be possible; 

The loss of crossing points would also seriously undermine trading between 

communities; 

Incidence of wildlife attack like lion will increase as the flooding would force them 

to leave their habitats in the lowlands near the edges of the river and would 

migrate to higher places, nearby to human settlements, exposing the residents to 

high risk situation; and 

Forest resources that are now available will not be any more due to inundation. 

Mitigating measures: 

 

 

 

 

Construction of bridges or appropriate accesses to maintain the link to the 

communities; 

Hadya farmers who cross to the other side for grazing should be given the 

opportunity for settlement in Omonada or other places across Gibe River; 

Improved varieties of breeds should be introduced to improve the production and 

productivity of livestock; and 

Irrigation should be promoted to farmers who reside relatively nearer to the 

reservoir. 


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Place/Venue of the PCM: 

Woreda 

Administration Office 

Date: 10/03/08 

Wereda: 

Omo Sheleko 

(Tembaro) 

PCM composition: 

Woreda Officials and 



The consultation team has learnt that there were no people that could lose their private 

plots or assets as a result of inundation. However access to market, facilities and 

communal resources will be flooded by the reservoir and these are: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hot springs that have healing effects for human; 

Trees that produce incense and Arabic gum; 

Crossing points that serve as a route for trading with other communities will be 

curtailed; 

Wildlife are going to leave the area as a good part of their habitat is going to be 

flooded by the emerging reservoir; 

Communally owned forests that are vital to construct houses and to make farm 

implements will be submerged; and 

Important herbs and different spice plants that are naturally grown will be 

destroyed. 

Finally the participants recommended that bridges or other better access opportunities 

should be put in place. 


Wereda: Gombera PCM composition: Woreda Officials and 



 

 

 

It was learnt that only five of the kebeles in the wereda might be affected by the 

project for their some farm lands are found nearby the reservoir area. But other 

assets owned by the farmers in this kebeles will remain safe; 

The predominantly livestock farmers residing in the lowlands of Gibe River might 

be the ones to be affected as they cross the Gibe River in search of pasture land. 

They usually drive their animals to the rich grazing lands found in Dawro Zone and 

stay there for about eight months (March-October). Such movements will be 

curtailed and the trading activities between two communities as the crossing points 

are going to be inundated by the reservoir; 

The wereda officials believe that alternative routes should be explored and 

provided to the communities so that livestock production heeds unhindered and 

communications between the two zones continued unabatedly. 


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Wereda: Omo Nada PCM composition: Woreda Officials and 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 


bring about. 

The wereda officials have learnt that around seven of the kebeles are going to be 

affected by the project one way or another. 


part and facilitate in the various discussion that are going to be held at various 

levels in the wereda. 

They were also informed that some losses to be encountered with regard to the 

natural resources in the event of the emerging reservoir. 

They expressed their concerne about disease infestation like malaria due to the 

creation of the reservoir. 

They raised issues in connection with loss of crossing points due to the reservoir. 

The crossing points are vital for livestock raising/producer, and 

They believe the Government will appropriately compensate the project affected 

persons. 


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Annex 1.2: Consultation Records with Focus Group and Kea Informants 

Transcription of the Outcome of FGDs held at various kebeles whose members are 

going to be displaced by the reservoir for the generation of power for Gibe 3 Hydro- 

Electric Power Project. 

The FGDs that are composed of would be displaced households have concentrated on 

the following five themes: 

 

 

 

 

 

The benefit that communities believe would derive from the project; 

Any adverse impacts they think would be brought about by the project; 

The extent of availability of unoccupied government land for resettlement and 

other options to be adopted under conditions of unavailability of such land; 

What they have envisaged about making use of the money they are going to 

receive as part of compensation for their loss of farm lands and other assets; and 

Their expectations from the government. 

Their deliberations on the themes have been summarised in the following manner. 

Place/Venue of the FG: In the premises of 

Zaro Kebele 

Date: 13/01/08 

Wereda: Kindo Didaye FGD composition: Small scale producers 

from two villages of the 

kebele 

Kebele: Zaro Number of participants: 43 

Project Benefits: 

 

 

 

The project could offer employment opportunity and thus would contribute to the 

reduction of rampant unemployment in the area; 

Rural households will have better opportunity for the provision of electric light and 

power that hitherto were impossible; and 

That there is greater chance for setting up various infrastructural services. 

Harmful Effects: 

 

Displacement of farmers from their ancestral holdings/villages. But they are 

determined to forgo their familiar milieu for the betterment of the public. 

Land Availability and Options for Resettlement: 

 

 

 

Unoccupied government land is unavailable in the area/surrounding kebeles; 

Government freehold land is in the lowland-kolla-which according to the 

participants is not conducive for a healthy life existence. Such areas are relatively 

warm and highly malarious; and 

Therefore those deemed to be displaced prefer to remain in the vicinity without 

being separated from their social groups. They would rather persuade their 

community members for cramming them into their small holdings to which the 

latter would accept with little resistance than going to disease infected kolla areas. 

Future undertakings to be taken with the money to be paid in lieu of lost assets 

 

 

Constructing houses for habitation; 

Opening small shops; 


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Trading on coffee; 

Buying transport vehicles jointly for business; 

Installing flour mills through cooperative endeavour; and 

Running jointly small hotels and bistros. 

Expected assistance from the Government: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Food aid and other basic needs to most vulnerable sections of the population like 

children and the old; 

Potable water supply; 

The provision of social and physical infrastructural services (health, education, 

telephone services, etc.); 

Building worship places; 

Supply of electric power; 

Provision of transportation services; and 

Putting food security programme in action. 

Place/Venue of the FG: In the Premises of 

Gocho Kebele 

Date: 26/02/08 

Wereda: Kindo Didaye FGD composition: Farming Families of 

Gocho Kebele 

Kebele: Gocho Number of participants: 40 

Beneficial Impacts: 

Understanding about the benefit that the project would provide to the community is not 

more than skin-deep although they are well aware of its disadvantages. 


 

 

 

 

As the reservoir is going to claim vast tracts of land, the community not only loses 

farm land, but also it will have very limited access to forest resources like wood for 

house constructions and grass for thatch roofs; including energy sources; 

Beekeeping will be impeded by the loss of forests and resulting in the loss of 

income to the households; 

Loss of grazing land and browsing areas for domestic animals will take place; as 

well as the loss of land with salty soils (locally known as bole), where livestock very 

much prefer licking; and 

It will be no more possible to harvest root crops that are found naturally and vital 

sources of food in times of drought and distress. 

Recommended mitigation measures: 

 

FGD participants finally appealed to appropriate Government units to have 

exhaustively identify all those farmers who are going to be displaced and then 

compensate them with a means that commensurate their losses. 


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Place/Venue of the KI: Kebele Office Date: 06/03/08 

Wereda: Boloso Sore KI composition: Kebele Officials 

Kebele: Ose Number of participants: 06 


 

The participants believe that there is no individual household that is going to lose 

his farm land by the project dam/reservoir. However, they believe the community 

will be affected by loss of: 

o Forests and forest resources and grazing areas. 

o Forest products which are essential for construction. 

o Crossings points to adjacent communities thus limiting outside 

communication with farmers who live in Ose Kebele. 

o The crossing points are vital route for both sides where trading of 

commodities mainly on livestock and its ancillary produces, equines, pulses, 

and honey are made possible. 

o The livestock farmers which hitherto have ample access to the lush grazing 

land of Omonada will be halted. 


o 

In order to reverse this adverse conditions that might have been resulting 

from the project, bridges or other better access opportunities should be put in 

place. 


Wereda: Boloso Sore KI composition: Kebele Officials 

Kebele: Bombe Number of participants: 05 

They believed that they will have access to the power supply. But the following impacts 

will be caused due to the project: 

 

 

 

 

Loss of forests and forest resources including grazing lands; 

Loss of crevices of rocks and hollow tree trunks that serve as hives for honey 

bees; 

Loss of forest products which are essential for construction and energy sources, 


Loss of crossings points to adjacent communities thus limiting outside 

communication with farmers who live in Bombe Kebele. 

The crossing points are vital routes for both sides (residents in Dawro and Wolayta Zones) 

where trading of agricultural commodities is going on. 

In order to reverse this adverse condition that might have been resulting from the project, 

bridges or other better access opportunities should be put in place. 


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Wereda: Boloso Sore KI composition: Wereda and Kebele 

Officials 

Kebele: Ajora Number of participants: 06 

The KI members are the Wereda and Boloso Bombe Kebele Officials and the following 

were the gist of the discussion. 

 

 

There is no farmer that is going to be affected by loss of farmland from inundation. 

However, there are some farmers who could lose income sources as a result of 

the land claimed by the reservoir. These are farmers who sell grass that grow on 

communal grazing fields. There are others who augment their income by selling 

timber, various woods for house construction and farm implements. These groups 

of farmers will also lose income for the fact that these important trees will be lost 

by the reservoir. 

The key informat members believed that rural households will have access to 

electric power and light. 

Place/Venue of the PCM: Afuki Weyro 

Kebele 

Date: 16/02/08 

Wereda: Loma PCM composition: Representatives and 

members from the 

Kebele and MDI 

Kebele: Afuki Weyro Number of participants: 06 

The participants believe that there is no individual household that is going to be affected 

his/her farm land and house by inundation. However access to communal resources and 

facilities will be hindered and cause loss of income to the households who depend on 

these natural resources. The natural resources and common facilities which will be lost 

due to the reservoir include: 

 

 

 

 

Communal grazing lands and grass lands that are used for roof thatching; 

Forest and forest resources like incense producing trees; 

Salty water points used by livestock; and 

Crossing points that serve as a route for driving their livestock in search of grazing; 

The loss of crossing points problem will be solved by provision of abridge on the 

Omo River for communal use. 


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Wereda: Loma KI composition: Kebele Officials 

Kebele: Yelo Woberti Number of participants: 03 

It is found that only one farmer will lose his farmland and house due to the project; 

However communal natural resources will be affected and access to these resources will 

highly be limited or totally absent due to the reservoir: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Much of the communal grazing land will be flooded by the reservoir, special trees 

that are favoured by animals to browse on will be lost and thus exacerbating the 

shortage of animal feeds; 

Trees that produce incense and Arabic gum will be flooded and harvesting these 

items will be impossible resulting in loss of income to the nearby farmers; 

Wildlife will be affected by the reservoir; 

Honey no more be harvested from hollow tree trunks and crevices of rocks serve 

as beehives due to the inundation of the forest by the reservoir; 

The same is true for the variety of spices which are growing at the riverbanks and 

serve as important sources of cash to the farmers as they would be lost by the 

reservoir; 

Plants whose roots are sources of food during drought are usually grown at the 

riverbanks of Gibe and these trees will also be flooded by the reservoir; 

The riverbanks are also important places where herbs for medicinal uses are 

found. This natural resource will be affected by the reservoir; 

Further more riverbanks are useful for growing grasses that are used for making 

house roof; and 

Special trees that are important for house construction and household utensils will 

be flooded by the reservoir. 

The above indicated critical effects are expected to result from the reservoir especially on 

the natural resources that community members have equal access to. Participants 

suggested that Government authorities at a higher level should develop and implement 

various options so that the adverse effects brought about by the project is compensated or 

mitigated. 


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Wereda: Loma KI composition: Kebele Officials 

Kebele: Deneba Bola Number of participants: 05 

No household members will be affected by the project individually. But natural resources 

that are commonly used and access to facilities and services will be affected. These 

include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss of communal grazing land found at the riverbanks of Omo; 

The current bridge that links the kebele with Wolayta zone and the alternative 

crossing point will be relatively far. This will increase the cost of transportation and 

those who cannot make it will severe communications with their peers and 

relatives that reside on the other side (Wolayta); 

Loss of some of tree species important for house construction and household 

utensils; 

Plants whose roots are sources of food during drought will be flooded; 

Loss of herbs which are of medicinal value will eventually be affected; 

Loss variety of spices which are growing at the riverbanks and serve as important 

sources of cash to the farmers; 

Existing wildlife will either be affected or will move to areas of human settlement 

and which might pose great danger to people; and 

About four ha of land that used to be cultivated but became fallow for the last four 

years will be lost. 


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Place/Venue of the KI: 

Zeba Delba Kebele 

Angela Town 

Date: 16/01/08 

Wereda: Genna Bossa KI composition: Kebele and Wereda 

Officials 

Kebele: Deechi Deneba Number of participants: 06 

Benefit: 

 

 

 

The community will be provided with electric light; 

There is a possibility of using irrigation for crop production; and 

Fishery will be a new endeavour both for employment opportunist and source of 

income. 

Undesirable effects: 

 

 

 

Loss of hot springs that are beneficial as healing for human as well as domestic 

animals; 

Loss of crossing points to other sides of communities usually used for economic 

and social purposes; and 

The loss of the artefact-the Halala Wall. 

Suggested solutions: 

 

 

 

Appropriate infrastructures should be put in place at suitable spots so that 

crossings to the other parts of the communities is possible; 

Provision of compensation should be implemented on time so as to solve the 

problem of project affected communities; and 

Provision of health services for human and livestock. 


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In the premises of 

Engela Kebele 

Date: 16/01/08 


Officials 

Kebele: Semara Minata Number of participants: 07 

The participants believe that there is no individual household who will lose farm land and 

house due to the project. However access to market facilities and communal resources 

will be impeded by the emerging reservoir. These include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Different crossing points from Dawro Zone to Wolayta Zone, Kambatta Zone, and 

Alaba Tembaro Zone will not be there any more due to creation of the reservoir; 

Hot springs that have healing effects will be flooded; 

Trees that are important for house construction and for making household utensils 

will be lost to flooding; 

Plants whose roots are sources of food during drought will be lost; 

Wildlife will seek a refuge around human settlement thus might cause widespread 

fears among the resident population; and 

Important herbs will be destroyed. 


Zaba Dilbo Kebele, 

Angola Town 

Date: 16/01/08 


Officials 

Kebele: Gerada Bachira Number of participants: 04 

Almost all farm lands and houses in the Kebele will not be impacted by inundation. 

However communally owned natural resources will be flooded by the reservoir and thus 

precluding their utilisations by members of the community. Some of these affected 

resources include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The riverbanks of Omo are sources of sand used for building and people whose 

income depend on exploiting these resources will be affected; 

Communally owned trees that are vital to construct houses and to make farm 

implements will be submerged by the reservoir; 

Trees that produce incense and Arabic gum will be inundated; 

Important herbs and different spice plants that are naturally grown will be 

destroyed; 

Hot springs that have healing effects will be inundated; and 

Wildlife could encroach upon human settlement areas and some of them could be 

detrimental for production and the vicious ones could be threats to the 

communities. Such unfavourable situations for both human and wildlife existence 

could lead the latter for their gradual extinction. 

The participants finally suggested fair compensation to be accorded to the community 

members as a result of their losses of the natural resources due to the flooding. 


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Angola Town 

Date: 16/01/08 


Officials 

Kebele: Zaba Dilba Number of participants: 06 

The participants have ascertained that there will be no harm by the reservoir to household 

farms and domiciles. But the communal resources that farmers in the kebele utilise them 

or use as source of income will be affected. Some of these affected resources include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hot springs that have healing effects; 

Areas which have concentration of salty powder like substance and that livestock 

are very much fond of licking; 


implements; 

Trees that produce incense and Arabic gum, important medicinal herbs, and 

different spice plants that are naturally grown; 

As the habitat of wildlife is going to be destroyed they will either encroach upon the 

nearby human settlement areas creating havoc or will out migrate further 

endangering their existence; 


curtailed and this will seriously affect the already fledgling marketing situation of 

the communities caused by limited outlets; it is the wishes of the discussants 

therefore that this last problem should be solved by building a bridge to maintain (if 

not expand) the on going trade between communities; and 

Destruction of the Historical Halala Wall. 


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Angola Town 

Date: 16/01/08 

Wereda: Genna Bossa KI composition: Kebele Officials 

Kebele: Dasha Aja Number of participants: 03 

The participants ascertained that there will be no impact on household farms and 

domiciles due to the reservoir. But communal resources that farmers in the kebele utilise 

them or use as source of income will be affected. Some of these affected resources 

include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

About a total of seven hectares of land occupied by incense producing trees will be 

lost; 

Hot springs that have healing effects for both human and domestic animals; 

Plants whose roots are sources of food during drought could be destroyed; 

People who collect sand and depend on selling this building material will be 

affected; 


implements; 

Wildlife will be affected since the proposed reservoirs is their habitat; and 


obstructed and this will seriously affect the already existing low level of marketing 

caused by limited outlets; it is the wishes of the discussants therefore that this 

problem should be solved by building bridges or improve the situation through the 

provision and expansion of access opportunities. 


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Angola Town 

Date: 16/01/08 

Wereda: Genna Bossa KI composition: Kebele Officials 

Kebele: Gerada Entela Number of participants: 04 

The discussants have confirmed that there will be no impact by the reservoir on 

household farms and domiciles. But the communal resources that farmers in the kebele 

utilise them or make income will be affected. Some of these project affected resources 

include: 

 

 

 

 

 

Farmers who collect sand and augment their income through the sale of this 

material may not have access due to the reservoir and may face shortage of 

income; 

Trees that grow at the riverbanks and that are vital to construct houses; 

Wild plants that grow around the edges of River Omo and which are of important in 

times of drought; 

Hot springs that have healing effects for both human and domestic animals; and 


disrupted. This will seriously affect the existing social and economic relations 

among the neighbouring communities when the crossing points are blocked by the 

reservoir. 

It is therefore the wishes of the discussants that the communication problem should be 

solved by building bridges or through the provision and expansion of safe access 

opportunities. 


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Officials 

Kebele: Buri Number of participants: 09 

The discussants have confirmed that there will be no harm by the reservoir to individual 

household farms and domiciles. However, the communal resources that farmers in the 

kebele utilise them or make income there from will be affected. Some of these resources 

that are going to be lost due to the reservoir are include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hot springs that have healing effects for both human and domestic animals 

including salty water points occasionally used by livestock; 

About a total of 150,000 standing trees that produce Arabian gum and incense 

owned by the kebele administration; 

Substantial area of sand vital for construction and source of income; 

Crossing points and roads that link the kebele with other communities; 

Grass land around the riverbanks which are used for roof thatching; 

Wild plants that grow around the edges of River Omo which are important in times 

of distress and starvation; and 

Various herbs which are of medicinal value, different spice plants and roots that 

are used as detergents. 

The participants concluded by requesting the government to make appropriate 

compensation for the lost resources and inaccessibility caused by the reservoir. 


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Place/Venue of the FG: 

In the Compound of 

Orcha Kebele 

Office 

Date: 09/03/08 

Wereda: Soro FGD composition: Small scale livestock 

producers 

Kebele: Orcha Number of participants: 39 

Expected benefit: 

 

The FGD participants believe that the project is of immense benefit to the country 

as well as to the local communities. 

Adverse impacts: 

 

Usually livestock producers are constrained by shortages of grazing land. In the 

face of such situation, for about nine months, they leave for other places hankering 

after grazing lands. They often travel to various weredas across vast expanse of 

land to the extent of crossing Gibe River to the other side of adjacent weredas. 

When the project is realised it will aggravate further the shortage of grazing land in 

two counts. Firstly, vast areas of land will be inundated by water resulting in loss of 

existing grazing lands. Secondly, the movement of farmers from place to place in 

search of grazing is going to be severely restricted by the emerging reservoir; and 

thus the combination of these factors will seriously jeopardise the livelihood system 

of livestock farmers. 


 

As a final remark, the participants requested the appropriate government agency 

to provide compensation to those who are going to be displaced and this should be 

sufficient enough to cover their losses. They have also requested the Government 

to construct bridges that link their wereda with Dedo, Omonada, Besegane and 

Kulu Koneta Special weredas which serve as important market outlays for the 

communities in Soro Wereda. 


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Wereda: Soro KI composition: Kebele and Wereda 

Officials 

Kebele: Orcha Number of participants: 08 

The participants of the discussion believe the project will be beneficial to the community 

for the reasons that they will have access to electricity and this will enhance the 

opportunity for income and employment. They believe that there is no individual 

household who will lose farmland and house due to the reservoir. However access to 

market facilities and communal resources will be impeded by the reservoir. The communal 

resources that would be affected include: 

 

 

 

 

Forests and forest resources; 

Crevices of rocks and hollow tree trunks that serve as hives for honey bees; 

Crossing points – the Archa kebele people who are pastoralists will not get access 

to get to the adjacent communities if the crossing points are flooded by the 

reservoir; and 

This strategic crossing point links farmers of Soro Wereda (in which this kebele is 

found) and Omonada Wereda which is found in the other side of Gibe River 

located in different Zone. This is known to be vital route for both sides where 

trading of commodities mainly on livestock and its ancillary produces, equines, 

pulses, and honey are made possible. 

The livestock farmers which hitherto have ample access to the lush grazing land of 

Omonada will be halted. They usually drive their animals through this route across vast 

tracts of grazing land in Omonada. They stay there for about nine months before they 

return back to their villages. With the reservoir in place this connection point will cease to 

exist and will inevitably jeopardise their livelihoods. In order to mitigate this adverse 

impacts, bridges or other better access opportunities should be put in place so as this 

people will have access to grazing lands for their livestock. 


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Wereda: Soro KI composition: The Officials of Fenta 

Kebele 

Kebele: Fenta Number of participants: 08 

 

 

The participants have confirmed that there is little effects on farmlands, houses 

and other fixed assets of the farming families due to the project; 

The reservoir will curtail a crossing point that is found in the adjacent kebele. This 

strategic crossing point links farmers of Soro Wereda (in which this kebele is 

found) and Omonada Wereda found in the other side of Gibe River in different 

Zone. The crossing point is used as a bridge for both sides of the communities so 

that trading of commodities mainly on livestock and its ancillary produces, equines, 

pulses, and honey are made possible. Moreover, the Fenta kebele pastoralists use 

the crossing points to search for grazing land for their livestock. They usually drive 

their animals through this route across vast tracts of grazing land in Omonada and 

they stay for about nine months before they return back to their villages. With the 

reservoir in place this connection point will cease to exist and will inevitably impact 

to the agro-pastoralist families of Fenta Kebele. Therefore, there should be a 

bridge at appropriate place to solve the problem. 


Wereda: Soro KI composition: Kebele and Wereda 

Officials 

Kebele: Ombe Lanege Number of participants: 06 

The participants believe that there is no individual household who will lose farmland and 

house due to the project. However, access to market facilities and communal resources 

will be impeded by the reservoir and these include: 

 

 

 

The reservoir will flood the crossing points so that the adjacent communities will 

not have access to the existing opportunities. 

The strategic crossing point links farmers of Soro Wereda (in which this kebele is 

found) and Omonada Wereda located in the other side of Gibe River in different 

Zone. The crossing points are vital route for both sides where trading of 

commodities mainly on livestock and its ancillary produces, equines, pulses, and 

honey are made possible. 

The agro-pastoralist communities from Ambe Lange will be affected very much 

since access to the lush grazing land of Omonada will be disrupted. Usually Ambe 

Lange drive their animals through this route across vast tracts of grazing land in 

Omonada and stay there for about nine months before they return back to their 

villages. With the reservoir in place this connection point will cease to exist and will 

inevitably threaten their livelihood. In order to reverse this adverse condition 

bridges or other better access opportunities should be put in place. 


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Wereda: Soro KI composition: Wereda and Kebele 

Officials 

Kebele: 

Bureye Lange and 

Gebaba Lange 


 

 

 

No household members will be affected by the project individually. But crossing 

points that are vital for the agro-pastoralist communities will be submerged by the 

reservoir. 

These crossing points link farmers of Soro Wereda (in which this kebele is found) 

and Omonada Wereda found in the other side of Gibe River in different Zone. The 

crossing points are vital route for both sides where trading of commodities mainly 

on livestock, honey and other agricultural produces would be impossible. 

Access to grazing is possible due to the existing crossing points. The people 

usually drive their animals through these routes to vast tracts of grazing land and 

stay for about nine months before they return back home. With the creation of the 

Gibe III reservoir these connection points will cease to exist and will inevitably 

impact the agro-pastoralist communities unless bridges are built or other 

connecting means are constructed at appropriate places. 


Wereda: Soro KI composition: Kebele Officials 

Kebele: Gortancho Number of participants: 13 

The participants believe that there is no individual household who will lose farmland 

and/or house. However, access to market and other facilities will be disrupted due to the 

reservoir. The loss of crossing points will bring the following problems: 

 

 

 

The crossing points link farmers of Soro Wereda (in which this kebele is found) 

and Omonada Wereda found in the other side of Gibe River in different Zone. This 

is known to be vital route for both sides where trading of commodities mainly on 

livestock and its ancillary produces, equines, pulses, and honey are made 

possible. 

They will not have access to grazing where they usually drive their animals 

through these routes to vast tracts of grazing land on the other side of the river and 

stay for about nine months before they return back to their villages. 

The participants requested the government to provide access and reinstate the 

community to their usual way of life. 


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Place/Venue of the FG: 

In the Compound of 

Kebele Office 

Date: 10/03/08 

Wereda: Soro FGD composition: Small scale livestock 

producers 

Kebele: 

Gebaba Lange, 

Bureye Lange and 

Ombo Lange 


Expected benefit: 

 

The FGD participants believe that the project is of immense benefit to the country 

as well as to the local communities. 

Adverse impact: 

 

Usually the agro-pastoralist are constrained by shortages of grazing land. In the 

face of such situation, for about nine months, they leave for other places hankering 

after grazing lands. They often travel to various weredas across vast expanse of 

land to the extent of crossing Gibe River to the other side of adjacent weredas. 

When the project is realised, it will aggravate further the shortage of grazing land in 

two counts. Firstly, vast areas of land will be inundated by water resulting in loss of 

existing grazing lands. Secondly, the movement of farmers from place to place in 

search of grazing is going to be severely restricted by the creation of reservoir; and 

thus the combination of these factors will seriously jeopardise the livelihood system 

of the agro-pastoralist communities. 

Solutions to be considered: 

 

As a final remark, the participants requested the appropriate government agency 

to provide compensation to those who are going to be displaced. Besides, the 

compensation should be sufficient enough to cover their losses. They have also 

requested the Government to construct bridges that link their wereda with Yem 

and Omonada-Weredas to serve as important market outlays for the communities 

of Soro Wereda. 


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Wereda: Timbaro KI composition: Wereda and Kebele 

Officials 

Kebele: Debube Ambukna Number of participants: 06 

They confirmed that there is no household who will lose farmland and house due to the 

project. However, access to communal resources will be impacted. These natural 

resources which will be lost due to the reservoir include: 

 

 

 

Communal woodlots for charcoal making; 

Grass on communal land used for roof thatching; and 

Access to fuel wood, timber and grazing land. 



Officials 

Kebele: Waro Number of participants: 05 


house due to the project. However, access to communal resources will be hindered 

causing loss of income to the households who depend on these natural resources. These 

natural resources which will be lost due to the reservoir include: 

 

 

 

 

 


Access to fuel wood, timber and grazing land; 

Plants whose roots are sources of food during drought; 

Crossing points that serve as a route for trading with other weredas will be 

disrupted; and this problem should be solved by building a bridge to maintain the 

on going trade between the kebeles/Weredas intact; and 

With regard to the benefit, the community will have access to electricity. 


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Officials 

Kebele: Bohe Number of participants: 06 

The participants believe that there is no individual household who will lose his/her 

farmland and house due to the project. However, access to communal resources will be 

impeded and this will bring loss of income to the households who depend on these natural 

resources. The natural resources which will be lost due to the reservoir include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Loss of access to fuel wood, timber and grazing land; 

Trees that are important for house construction and for making household utensils; 



Tree trunks suitable for beehives thus militating the production of honey; 

Habitats of the wildlife which will seek a refuge around human settlement thus 

might cause widespread fears to the settlers; 

Crossing points that serve as a route for trading with other weredas will be 

disrupted; and therefore this problem should be solved by building a bridge to 

maintain the on going trade and other communications between the 

kebeles/weredas. 

In general, the participants suggested that the government should consider some kind of 

compensation for all these losses that farmers might encounter eventually. 



Officials 

Kebele: Farsuma Number of participants: 06 

 

The participants believe that there is no individual household who will lose 

farmland and house due to the project. However, access to communal resources 

will be impeded and this will bring loss of grazing land or livestock production. 


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Officials 

Kebele: Bachira Number of participants: 05 

The participants believe that there is no project affected persons who will lose farmland 

and house due to the project. However access to communal resources will be impacted 

and contributing to loss of income to the households who depend on these natural 

resources. These natural resources which will be lost to the reservoir include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Grass grown on communal land which is used for roof thatching; 

Migration of wildlife to other areas; 

Trees that are important for house construction and for making household utensils; 

Crossing points across the Omo River that serve as a route for trading with other 

communities (Dawro Wereda) will be curtailed; and therefore this should be solved 

by providing access to other crossing points; and 

With regard to positive impact of the project, the participants of the discussion 

believe that rural household will have access to electricity due to the 

implementation of the project. 


In the compound of 

health centre 

Date: 04/03/08 


Officials 

Kebele: Geyecha Number of participants: 07 


house due to the project. However, access to communal resources will be hampered and 

this will bring loss of income to the households who depend on these natural resources. 

These natural resources which will be lost due to the reservoir include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hot spring that have a healing effect; 

Tree species that are important for house construction; 

Herbs which are of medicinal value; 

Grass grown on communal land which is used for roof thatching; 



Communal woodlots for energy and charcoal making; 

Tree trunks suitable for bee hives; and 

Crossing points across the Omo River that serve the Kebele as a route for trading 

with other communities (Dawro Wereda and Bosa Wereda) will be disrupted. This 

problem has to be solved by government through the provision of other means 

such as construction of bridge to strength the existing social and economic 

interactions of neighbouring communities. 


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In the compound of 

Education Office 

Date: 02/03/08 


Officials 

Kebele: Belela Number of participants: 06 

The participants believe that the project has no any negative impact on individual 

household. However, access to communal resources will be impeded and this will 

contribute to loss of income for the households who depend on these natural resources. 

These natural resources which will be lost to the reservoir include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Grass grown on communal land which is used for thatching roof; 

Loss of access to fuel wood and grazing land; 

Trees that are important for house construction; 

Outward migration of wildlife; 

Hot springs that are vital both for human and domestic animals use; 


flooded, therefore this problem should be solved by building a bridge to maintain 

the communications between communities. 


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Annex 1.3: Consultation Records with Downstream Wereda Officials and 

Communities 

Transcription of ‘preliminary consultative meeting’ (PCM) held between experts of 

the consulting firm (MDI) and ‘Down Stream Zone Officials’ concerning Gibe 3 

‘Hydro-Electric Power Project’. 

The public consultation were held with the downstream (Lower Omo) communities and 

local officials and the following issues were discussed: 

 

 

 

The nature and scale of adverse impacts of the project specially the flood 

reduction on their livelihoods in a more transparent and direct manner, 

To express their views in the planning and operation of the scheme and propose 

acceptable potential mitigation and benefit enhancement measures, and 

Propose viable income generation and livelihood interventions for consideration in 

the social development programmes. 

The deliberation on these themes have been summarised in the following manner: 

Place/Venue of the PCM I: Zone Agriculture 

and Rural 

Development Office 

Date: 13/05/07 

Zone: South Omo PCM composition: Zone Officials and 


MDI 


The project will affect the livelihoods of the communities living in four weredas (Hamer, 

Sala Mago, Dasenech and Nyangatom) and specifically: 

 

 

 

The overflow of the river creates fishponds that are important sources of food and 

income and these opportunities will be lost as a result of the construction of the 

dam and reduced flood flow; 

Loss of grazing lands and water ponds which are used for livestock; and 

Recession agriculture will be adversely impacted and thus poverty will be 

aggravated as producers do not use flood plains. 

To avert the adverse condition the discussants have suggested that the communities 

especially that are located at the river banks should be provided with improved fishing 

gears and improved methods fish production and develop small scale irrigation scheme 

for the affected communities. 


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Place/Venue of the PCM: Wereda 


Date: 17/12/07 

Wereda: Hamer PCM composition: Wereda Officials and 

representatives. of 

MDI 


 

 

 

 

Substantial numbers of pastoralists in downstream communities use flood plains 

(the river banks) to grow crops (mostly maize and sorghum) following the overflow 

of Omo River during the rainy season and subsequently after the flood waters 

have receded; 

The community use the pond as a source of food as they catch fish from these 

places which have been created by the overflow of the River; 

The community aptly consider the Omo River as their source of livelihood for both 

food and income; and 

Most of the pastoral communities use Omo River as the only source for their 

livestock during the dry season. 

They suggested the following mitigation measures: 

 

 

The provision of irrigation using solar energy as the source of pumping the water 

to farmlands; and 

The setting up of social infrastructure services to promote the wellbeing of the 

community. 


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Date: 7/05/07 

Wereda: Hamer PCM composition: Wereda Officials and 

representatives. of 

MDI 


 

 

 

 




have receded. 

Downstream crop productions under such system commonly cover the food needs 

of the households for about six months. 

Quasi lakes are also created by the overflows where downstream communities 

use for fishing. 

Once the hydro-electric dam is in place constant flow will set in, with no more 

swelling of the Omo River to cause flooding in downstream areas and thus 

depriving the pastoral communities grazing areas and recession agriculture 

including pools of water for fishing. 

The recommended measures include the following: 

 

 

 

The promotion of irrigation for growing crops and grasses and fodder for livestock; 

The provision and expansion of basic services; and 

Adopting various actions that strengthen the livelihood system of the communities. 

Place/Venue of the PCM: Kebele Office Date: 10/05/07 

Wereda: Hamer PCM composition: Kebele leaders and 

members, and MID 

Kebele: Karadus Number of participants: 40 

 

 

 

 

 

The Omo River has always been the lifeblood of the community providing essential 

water source for their livestock and crop production; 

Substantial numbers of community members in Hamer use flood plains to grow 

various crops like: maize, sorghum, soya and haricot beans and etc., both for 

consumption and for sale; 

Plants growing on the flood plains have flowers used to harvest honey; 

When the lakes are filled with flood water they use for irrigation to produce food 

crops and the surplus is bartered for livestock and milk; and 

They catch fish from the lakes for the purpose of household consumption and for 

sale. 

The absence of flooding will make the communities in a state of precarious balance 

between survival and deprivation. With the view to encounter such a situation they believe 

intensifying irrigated agriculture should be taken as the major focus of agriculture 

production in their communities. 


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Wereda: Hamer PCM composition: Kebele leaders and 


Kebele: Kara korcho Number of participants: 25 

 

 

 


water source for their livestock and crop production. 

Substantial numbers of community members in Hamer use flood plains to grow 

various crops both for consumption and for sale. 

They catch fish from the lakes that are filled by flood water for the purpose of 

household consumption and for marketing. 

The absence of flooding will expose the communities to loss of income. Therefore, 

mitigation measures like irrigated agriculture should be introduced and intensified with the 

aim of crop and fodder production. 



Date: 19/12/07 

Wereda: Nayangatom PCM composition: Wereda Officials and 



 

 

 

 




have receded. 

Downstream crop productions under such system are used for consumption and 

bartering. 

Quasi lakes are also created by the overflows where down stream communities 

use for fishing. 

Once the hydro-electric dam is in place, constant flow will set in, and no more 

swelling of the Omo River to cause flooding in downstream areas. As a result, 

there will not grazing areas, croplands and pools of water for fishing that may use 

for pastoral communities. 

The recommended measures include the following: 

 

 

 

Promotion of irrigation for growing crops and grasses and fodder for livestock; 

Provision and expansion of basic services; and 



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Date: 13/05/07 

Wereda: Nayangatom PCM composition: Wereda Officials and 


MDI 


 

 

Members of the communities grow crop after the overflow from the Omo River has 

receded and production from such farms are used for food and sale. The 

construction of the dam will change this flood situation adversely; and 

The overflow also makes number of grazing fields for livestock and this will be no 

more after the dam has been built. 

In order to mitigate the adverse effect of the project, irrigated agriculture and other social 

developments should be promoted to improve the socio-economic conditions of the 

project affected communities. 


Wereda: Nayangatom PCM composition: Leaders and members of 

four Kebeles and MDI 

Kebele: 

Lurengachawe,Natkara,Shenkora, 

Kuchere Nargye and Aptukoyet 

Lokper, Aypa 


 

 

 

 

The Omo River is the source of the livelihood of the community that it provides 

water source for their livestock and crop production. 

Downstream communities in Nayangatom Wereda use flood plains to grow various 

crops and production collected from the recession agriculture for the households’ 

food needs for about three months. 

After the flood recedes, pasture lands become abundant and it is used to graze 

their cattle in the dry season. 

Those households who neither engage in livestock nor crop production are 

engaged in fish catching from the lakes created by the flood. 

The absence of flooding will jeopardise the life of the communities. Therefore, the 

recommended measures by the participants include: 

 

 

 

Expansion of irrigated agriculture using diesel pumps; 

Distribution of improved fishing gear and the promotion of improved fish 

production; and 

Construction of access road particularly bridge over the Omo River for the 

expansion of tourist industry. Currently there is some endeavours to promote 

tourist industry in the downstream zones of Omo River. 


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Date: 10/12/07 

Wereda: Dasanech PCM composition: Wereda Officials and 


MDI 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 


(the river banks) to grow crops (mostly maize and sorghum). Floodplains become 

available when Omo River overflows; 

A total of about 6,000 ha of land is used for recession cultivation in the wereda; 

Downstream crop productions under such system cover the food needs of the 

households for about three to six months; 

Whenever there is no adequate flooding shortfalls of production is augmented by 

the Government through food aid; 

About 30 spots of pasture lands or islands become apparent in the wereda due to 

the overflow of the river. The pastureland serve the communities for grazing all 

year round; 

Quasi lakes are also created by the overflows of the river where down stream 

communities use for fishing. They are source of income and food for Desanech 

communities; and 

The implementation of the project will affected the pasturelands and fishing 

activities of the downstream communities so that they will not have the indicated 

sources of income for their livelihood. 

To mitigate and/or compensate these impacts, the participants recommended the 

following measures: 

 

 

 

 

Irrigation in the wereda is rudimentary and the scope should be expanded at least 

to offset the production losses from the estimated 6,000 ha of croplands; 

Development of pastureland irrigation for livestock; 

Appropriate marketing services for livestock and expansion of basic services; and 

Adopting various social development projects to support the livelihood system of 

the communities. 


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Date: 11/05/07 

Wereda: Dasanech PCM composition: Wereda Officials and 


MDI 


 

 

 

The livelihood of the Desanech community is based on the Omo River. Flood plain 

cultivation is vital source of food and income to the households; 

Fishery is the second most important livelihood source to produce food and cash 

to the communities; 

Pasture lands created by the overflow of the river are vital sources of forage for 

their livestock. 

Adverse effects resulting from the construction of the dam should be mitigated and such 

measures should include introduction of diesel pump for irrigation and improved methods 

for fishing. 


Wereda: Dasanech PCM composition: Kebele leaders and 


Kebele: Rate Number of participants: 33 

 

 

 

 

Swelling of Omo River is a blessing for floods on the plains that the communities of 

Desanech use for crop production. Absence of flooding will bring famine and 

starvation to the communities; 

Flood makes possible to grow maize and sorghum for consumption and marketing; 

Flood waters create fishponds which are vital sources of food and income. 

Pasture lands created by the flood of the river are the main sources of grazing 

lands for pastoralists. 

The absence of flooding will make the communities livelihood insecure. To mitigate this 

adverse condition, the community members recommended the implementation of new 

small scale irrigation and strengthening the existing irrigation schemes with the assistance 

of the Government and other development practitioners. 


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Wereda: Dasanech PCM composition: Kebele leaders and 


Kebele: Lobet Number of participants: 45 

 

 

 

 



When riverbanks are adequately (not in catastrophic proportion) flooded 

communities in Desanech could grow crops primarily for consumption all through 

the year and any surplus obtained is sold or bartered in the market; 

Pasture lands which are created by the river floodflow is the main grazing source 

for cattle all year round specially in the dry season; and 

Fishing in the lakes created by the floods is very common and used for household 

consumption and marketing. 

The recommended mitigation measures include: 

 

 

 

 

The expansion of irrigated agriculture as it is currently practised has proven to be 

practical while pastoralist have begun to produce fruits and vegetables for markets. 

As grazing plains cease to grow grass with the absence of flood waters, it is 

important that well water be installed for human and livestock use. 

Improved varieties of fodder should be introduced so that pastoralists will not 

depend on natural grazing, and 

Improved varieties of vegetable seeds should be distributed in order to promote 

the development of cash crops. 


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Date: 15/12/07 

Wereda: Selamago PCM composition: Wereda Officials and 


MDI 


 

 

 

 


(the river banks) to grow crops mostly maize and sorghum following the overflow of 

Omo River occurred during the rainy season. They use the plains after the flood 

waters have receded; 

Downstream crop productions under such system are used for consumption and 

bartering; 

Quasi lakes are created by the overflows use for fishing. It is the source of income 

for downstream communities; 

The implementation of the project will bring adverse impacts or livelihood of the 

downstream communities for the fact that there will be reduced flood flow and this 

will impact the recession agriculture and grazing lands and the quasi lakes. 

In order to avert these adverse effects the consultative team believe that the following 

measures should be implemented: 

 

 

 

Irrigated agriculture should be introduced to advance both crop and livestock 

forage production; 

Fish farming should be introduced/expanded; and 



Wereda: Selamago PCM composition: Leaders of the two 

Kebeles and 

members, and MDI 

Kebele: Omohana and Gura Number of participants: 32 

 

 

 

The Omo River has always been the lifeblood of the communities for it provides 

essential water source for their livestock and crop production; 

Downstream communities in Selamago Wereda use flood plains to grow various 

crops. Income from such sources maintains the households’ food needs for about 

three months in a year; 

Fishponds created by the overflow of Omo are important sources of food and 

income to the pastoral households. 

To mitigate or compensate this they recommended the introduction of irrigation agriculture 

and promotion of fodder production for livestock use. 


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Wereda: Selamago PCM composition: Leaders and 

members, of the 

Kebeles and MDI 

Kebele: Haylewa Number of participants: 20 

 

 

 

 



As this wereda is characterised by low rainfall most community members rely on 

the flood plains to grow various crops like maize and sorghum parallel with 

livestock production; 

Even in normal production period (with the presence of flooding) the wereda is 

known to be food deficit and the Government augments such deficit through ‘safety 

net programme’; 

Lower Omo is very important for fishing activities. Fish is the main food for the 

wereda people. 

The absence of flooding will jeopardise the lifestyle of the communities if no mitigation 

measures are taken. Therefore, they recommend the following measures: 

 

 

The expansion of irrigated agriculture using diesel pumps; and 

Distribution of improved fishing gear and the promotion of improved fish production 

systems 


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Annex 2: 

Sample Minutes of Public Consultation Meetings 


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Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan - Gibe III

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