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Pharmacy Technician - Applied Technology Center

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The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />

<strong>Technician</strong><br />

Syllabus<br />

School year<br />

2011-2012<br />

Lisa M. Carrigan, RN<br />

Instructor<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 1


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY<br />

ACTIVITY/COURSE CODE: 5570<br />

COURSE DESCRIPTION:<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> is designed to train pharmacy technicians to pass the <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technician</strong><br />

Certifying Board examination. A practicing pharmacist has developed the curriculum. The program includes<br />

90 classroom hours plus 60 homework hours for a total of 150 hours. The American Council of<br />

Pharmaceutical Education accredits the program.<br />

The CD-ROM format serves as the students’ text and workbook. The interactive multimedia training uses<br />

Internet access, on-line testing, scoring, and monitoring. Teachers can monitor students’ progress via<br />

Internet. Students work at their own pace and teachers determine when exams are taken. The cost of the<br />

CD for the students is $255 each. The course is as a stand-alone course and an independent study. More<br />

information can be found at www.passassured.com<br />

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:<br />

This course is recommended for students in grade 12 who are scheduled to graduate at the conclusion of<br />

the year in which training is begun. Eligibility to register for the <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technician</strong> Certifying Board<br />

examination requires a high school diploma.<br />

CREDIT:<br />

1 unit high school credit<br />

RESOURCES:<br />

COURSE OVERVIEW: This course is a self-paced course delivered through the use of varied computerbased<br />

technologies and project-based assignments.<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 2


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

COURSE COMPETENCIES<br />

STANDARD 1<br />

ORIENTATION<br />

In the Orientation section, students are introduced to basic terms and definitions, the <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technician</strong><br />

Certification Board (PTCB), and the PTCB exam. PTCB recertification details and easy-to-follow steps for<br />

maintaining certification are provided. Each subsection is supplemented with a Windows help file accessible<br />

at any time from the CD Drive.<br />

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Certification, Licensure, and Registration<br />

Review of important basic terms and definitions.<br />

The PTCB and the Certification Exam<br />

Review of the <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technician</strong> Certification Board, its founding members, and purpose.<br />

The PTCB certification examination structure, time allowed for exam, and broad topic content is<br />

also included.<br />

Recertification<br />

Details the processes needed to maintain certification.<br />

Contact information and requirements for recertification are provided.<br />

FEDERAL LAW<br />

From Food and Drug Administration laws to the Poison Prevention Act, federal laws that have guided<br />

pharmacy are presented. In this section, the method used to determine a valid DEA number is reviewed.<br />

Because state and local laws vary greatly, it is not practical for this product to cover them. The PTCB exam<br />

covers only federal law.<br />

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<strong>Pharmacy</strong> Law and Time<br />

Review of laws that affect the pharmacy industry, when they were enacted, and their importance.<br />

Federal Law and Drugs<br />

Evaluation of the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, which regulates the manufacture, distribution,<br />

and dispensing of controlled substances based on abuse potential.<br />

Rules for Controlled Substance Prescriptions<br />

Outlines filing procedures and record maintenance in accordance with state and federal laws.<br />

Also covers drug substitution requirements.<br />

DEA Number Verification<br />

Review of how a doctor's DEA number is determined and its purpose.<br />

An interactive display gives the student instructions on how to determine if a DEA number is valid.<br />

Schedule II Drugs<br />

Review of storage requirements for Schedule II Drugs.<br />

Investigational Drugs<br />

Explanation of the four phases of investigational drugs.<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 3


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

STANDARD 2<br />

MEDICATION REVIEW<br />

In this section, the pharmacy technician is introduced to pharmacology. The study guide focuses<br />

on maintaining the proper instructional level for a pharmacy technician. Various types of drugs,<br />

prescriptions, medication dosage forms, and medical devices are reviewed. Drug interactions in<br />

the human body's major systems, such as the central nervous system, peripheral nervous<br />

system, and cardiovascular system are evaluated. The study concentrates on commonly used<br />

drug classes that would be of most concern for the <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technician</strong>.<br />

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Doses and Terminology<br />

Review of pharmacology terms.<br />

In-depth review of various types of medication dosages, such as tablets, caplets, liquids,<br />

creams, emulsions, etc.<br />

Description of various administration devices for certain medications and dosages.<br />

Central Nervous System<br />

Medication review of drugs that affect the central nervous system (CNS).<br />

Includes drug interactions and the mechanism of action.<br />

Components of the CNS are briefly covered.<br />

Peripheral Nervous System<br />

Medication review of drugs that affect the peripheral nervous system (PNS).<br />

Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.<br />

Components of the PNS are briefly covered.<br />

Hormones<br />

Medication review of hormonal drugs, which are classified as those that significantly influence<br />

emotions and quality of life.<br />

Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.<br />

Local and systemic hormone uses are studied.<br />

All male and female hormones are reviewed.<br />

Cardiovascular Drugs<br />

Medication review of drugs that affect the cardiovascular system.<br />

Includes basic terms & definitions, drug interactions, mechanism of action and manufacturer named<br />

drugs.<br />

Components of the cardiovascular system are briefly presented.<br />

Renal Drugs<br />

Medication review of drugs that affect the renal system.<br />

Includes basic definitions, drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.<br />

Components of the renal system are briefly presented.<br />

Anti-Infectant Drugs<br />

Medication review of drugs classified as anti-infectants.<br />

Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, manufacturer-named drugs, anti-infectant drug<br />

classes and typical treatment regimes.<br />

Therapeutic classes used in the treatment of infections are reviewed.<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 4


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

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Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs<br />

Medication review of chemotherapy drugs.<br />

Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer named drugs.<br />

Therapeutic classes used in the treatment of cancer are detailed.<br />

Personnel safety and safe handling procedures for these dangerous agents are presented.<br />

Blood and Blood Formation<br />

Medication review of blood and blood formation drugs.<br />

Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.<br />

Basic definition referencing to blood and blood formation abnormalities are detailed.<br />

Vitamins<br />

A medication review of vitamins.<br />

Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.<br />

An illustrated study aid helps students remember which vitamins are fat-soluble and which are<br />

water-soluble.<br />

STANDARD 3<br />

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES<br />

In this section, students briefly review preparation procedures for parenteral products. Pictures taken during<br />

the preparation of different sterile products are used to illustrate various topics. Laminar and horizontal<br />

airflow hoods are explained through the use of pictures and diagrams. Devices used in the preparation of<br />

sterile products are illustrated. Students will learn the basics of aseptic techniques with emphasis on<br />

possible testing topics.<br />

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Definitions<br />

The definitions module explores basic terminology and environmental contamination concerns in<br />

performing aseptic techniques procedures.<br />

Laminar airflow hoods, air filtration systems, and inspection requirements are highlighted<br />

Vertical airflow hoods and biological safety cabinets are reviewed.<br />

Syringes<br />

The components of a syringe are illustrated and reviewed.<br />

Various types of syringes are graphically illustrated.<br />

The components of needle assembly and how the size (gauge) of a needle is determined are<br />

graphically illustrated.<br />

Parenteral<br />

A high-level review of various injection types.<br />

Includes uses of parenteral routes and the four most widely used parenteral routes.<br />

Intravenous injection types and widely used parenteral fluids are illustrated.<br />

This module prepares the student for review of sterile compounding.<br />

Techniques of Sterile Compounding<br />

Broad overview of skills needed to perform sterile compounding.<br />

Tips for avoiding contamination while using a Laminar airflow hood, and various procedures that<br />

assure successful sterile product mixing are provided.<br />

Examples include filling a syringe, breaking an ampule, reconstituting a sterile powder, injecting<br />

liquids into a plastic IV bag,<br />

Introducing liquids into a glass intravenous bottle, and many more necessary aseptic techniques.<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 5


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

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Solutions<br />

Irrigation solutions, parenteral solutions, and TPNs are highlighted.<br />

Parenteral Antineoplastic Agents<br />

A general overview of preparation and the safe handling of antineoplastic agents used in the<br />

treatment of cancer. Emphasis on employee safety and safe procedures for handling these<br />

dangerous agents.<br />

Stability Considerations for Parenteral Products<br />

Parenteral Products have special stability concerns; information on various types of reference<br />

materials is included in this section. The steps of a Parenteral Admixture Order are illustrated.<br />

Details steps from receiving the order to delivering to the patient.<br />

STANDARD 4<br />

CALCULATIONS<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong> calculations are an essential function of the pharmacy technician. The PTTP's calculation section<br />

provides a refresher path through aspects of pharmacy mathematics. Many examples are calculated using<br />

different methods, providing the student a choice for calculating pharmacy math problems that best suits his<br />

or her needs. Calculations are performed actively with a timed audio presentation.<br />

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Metric Measurements<br />

Audio, charts, graphic illustrations, and text help files are provide the student with knowledge and<br />

reference tables for use in performing various conversions.<br />

Units of measurement in the Metric, Avoirdupois, and Apothecary systems are reviewed.<br />

Abbreviations<br />

The pharmacy industry exists in a world of abbreviations.<br />

Abbreviations used in prescriptions are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on abbreviations that are<br />

often misinterpreted.<br />

Reference listing of pharmacy abbreviations is included.<br />

Roman Numerals<br />

The eight primary roman numerals are illustrated, with emphasis on rules for adding and<br />

subtracting<br />

Roman numerals are widely used in pharmacy.<br />

Fractions, Decimals, & Percentages<br />

In this section, basic fraction, decimal, and percentage calculations are reviewed.<br />

The intensive use of 'motion graphics' supports the audio-driven lesson.<br />

A thorough understanding of this content will give the student a basis for mastering the remaining<br />

calculations topics.<br />

Temperature Conversions<br />

Two widely used methods for temperature conversions between Fahrenheit to Centigrade are<br />

illustrated.<br />

The audio-driven lesson uses 'graphics in motion' to provide clear examples of typical pharmacy<br />

temperature conversions.<br />

Ratios<br />

In the pharmaceutical field, ratios are used to provide a means for reducing or enlarging chemical<br />

mixtures.<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 6


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

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Procedures for determining the proper amount of solution to mix with drug active ingredient(s) are<br />

detailed.<br />

Quantities, Dilutions, and Concentrations<br />

A review of measurement for drug and expressions of quantity and concentration for drug products.<br />

Illustrates methods of determining quantities of ingredients and concentrations of drugs when<br />

preparing or dispensing drug products.<br />

Dosage Regimen<br />

Methods of expressing doses and dosage regimens.<br />

Students will learn to calculate the amount of drug product to dispense, or the number of days'<br />

supply from a dosage regimen.<br />

Emphasizes learning methods to calculate doses for pediatric patients.<br />

IV Flow Rates<br />

The student will learn to determine the flow rate of an IV solution when given the total volume, total<br />

time of administration, and the drops delivered per ml.<br />

Powder Volumes<br />

How to calculate powder volume and use this information in reconstituting dry powders for<br />

suspension or solution.<br />

Pricing<br />

Pricing methods support the needs of the pharmacy as a business enterprise.<br />

PTTP’s study guide will provide a review of various pricing methods used in retail pharmacy.<br />

STANDARD 5<br />

PHARMACY OPERATIONS<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong> operations are at the core of the pharmacy technician’s responsibilities. This section covers dayto-day<br />

operations; interactions with customers; patient records maintenance; inventory controls<br />

management; and state, federal, and local requirements. The program includes an overview of insurance<br />

claims and third party reimbursement.<br />

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Basic Facts<br />

The pharmacy technician will need to be familiar with drug nomenclature.<br />

The three names given to each drug are reviewed.<br />

NDC codes, mnemonic codes, and the importance of understanding different expiration date<br />

formats are discussed and illustrated.<br />

Various drug containers are illustrated.<br />

The different types of container closures and uses for each are reviewed.<br />

Assisting the Pharmacist<br />

Outlines acceptable medication prescribers, how prescriptions can be transmitted to a pharmacy,<br />

and specific requirements for certain classes of drugs.<br />

Outlines required information for prescription and the process for patient refills is given.<br />

General Prescription Duties<br />

Maintaining an accurate patient profile is crucial in providing medication to a patient.<br />

A well-maintained patient profile can prevent improper dispensing of medication and adverse<br />

effects for medication.<br />

Details of what should be collected for a proper patient profile are illustrated.<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 7


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

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Formularies, measuring and counting techniques, compounding and the different classes of<br />

balances are discussed.<br />

Medication Distribution and Inventory Control<br />

Definitions of key terms used in inventory management are provided.<br />

Ordering techniques and the proper receiving process of ordered items is reviewed.<br />

Expired or discontinued stock processes and drug recall issues are illustrated.<br />

Third Party Reimbursement<br />

Knowledge of "Third Party" reimbursement is an ever-changing environment.<br />

A general overview of processes used for reimbursement and different payment plans currently<br />

offered is illustrated.<br />

Formularies and generics are reviewed.<br />

Grading Scale<br />

A - 100 – 93<br />

B - 92 – 85<br />

C - 84 – 77<br />

D - 76 – 70<br />

F - 69 – 0<br />

Each section of the curriculum contains quizzes and a section test. The section tests will be<br />

required to be completed multiple times. The questions from the section tests are obtained from a<br />

large database of questions. Students will see different questions each time he/she takes the<br />

test. Repeated testing allows the student to see more and more questions. This helps to provide<br />

the student with great exposure to possible questions on the PTCB (<strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technician</strong><br />

Certification Board) test. Repeated testing also ensures mastery of the concepts.<br />

Section Tests/Projects: 80%<br />

Final Exam: 20% of the final grade<br />

For example: [ { 1 st term * 2 }+ {2 nd term * 2}+ Final exam ]/5 = Final grade<br />

[85+85+92+92+87]/5 = 88.2<br />

All students are responsible for attaining course competencies by completing the following requirements:<br />

1. Use of computer program, the section quizzes, section tests, tutored exam and final exam<br />

2. Complete assigned projects/homework/class work.<br />

Costs Involved in <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong><br />

Purchase of PassAssured CD - $255.00<br />

Notebook/Binder and paper<br />

Fees associated with taking PTCB (see www.PTCB.org)<br />

Course Requirements<br />

Students are responsible for attaining competencies through completion of the following course<br />

requirements:<br />

1. Attendance (as per District #3 policy)<br />

a. This is an online course with independent student unless the student is scheduled to be<br />

present at ATC for class (varies with each student).<br />

b. Attendance is not kept.<br />

2. Participation in on-line curriculum and assessment<br />

3. Completion of section quizzes, tests and exams<br />

4. Completion of any assigned individual projects<br />

5. Maintenance of Academic Honesty (Any student caught cheating or involved in any other academic<br />

dishonesty will be given a grade of zero and will be subject to further disciplinary action.)<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 8


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

Projects/Internet Research/Exam<br />

Projects will be assigned related to research in <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong>. Due dates will be established.<br />

Students must complete all required assignments by the designated due dates, with particular attention paid<br />

to the end dates of terms. Once terms have ended, students will not be allowed to submit work for the<br />

assignments during that term.<br />

Final Exam will be comprehensive and will include knowledge and application questions.<br />

Required Supplies<br />

1. 3-ring binder<br />

2. Paper<br />

3. Blue or black pen or pencil (no red, green, yellow, etc. pens to be used for assignments except as<br />

appropriate for projects).<br />

4. Computer headphones<br />

5. PassAssured CD<br />

Emergency Procedures<br />

Emergency evacuation procedures are posted in the classroom near the entrance door. Fire extinguishers<br />

are located near the exit.<br />

Classroom Rules (If assigned to attend ATC)<br />

1. Participate in classroom activities.<br />

2. Class lab time is expected to be spent in lab work and projects. This is not free time. Attendance<br />

and concerted work effort on assignments are required. Work at home will be required in addition<br />

to work during lab time (work at home should not substitute for work during lab periods).<br />

3. Internet usage is limited to classroom assignments. Any other use must be approved in advance by<br />

the instructor.<br />

4. Cell phones, iPods and MP3 players may be used inside the class. The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />

is not responsible for electronic devices brought to ATC and lost or stolen.<br />

5. Food and beverages at not permitted in the classroom. This includes plate lunches, drinks, candy,<br />

etc. whether open or not.<br />

6. Maintain all your hard copies within your own 3-ring binder. You are responsible for submitting all<br />

work in the appropriate box and retaining any returned work should it be necessary to validate<br />

completion of your work. The instructor will not be responsible for storing student work.<br />

7. Your ideas, comments, suggestions, questions, grade challenges, etc. are welcome. Your<br />

discretion in these matters is expected. These matters should be addressed in a respectful, mature<br />

manner.<br />

8. Be present and on time, prepared each day to gain as much knowledge as you possibly can.<br />

Finally…..<br />

For most students this will not be a difficult course. It will require diligence and hard work on your part. It will<br />

require time management and self-motivation as most of this course will be self-directed. The instructor will<br />

act as a facilitator and resource. Students will be expected to complete all work assigned and plan their time<br />

accordingly. Your success in this course will greatly depend on your efforts.<br />

I wish you much success!!<br />

Lisa Carrigan, RN, Instructor – Health Science (<strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong>, Medical Terminology, Patient Care<br />

Relations)<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 9


The <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong> offers authentically engaging career and technical education programs that<br />

provide all students the opportunity to acquire the skills, knowledge and motivation to achieve success<br />

in an ever changing world.<br />

STUDENT INFORMATION<br />

<strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong><br />

Full Name _________________________________ Age ______ Date of Birth _____________<br />

Address ___________________________________ Home Phone ______________________<br />

City, State, Zip _______________________________________________________________<br />

Email Address _______________________________________________________________<br />

Home School __________________ Grade __________ Homeroom Teacher _____________<br />

Career Objective ______________________________________________________________<br />

Computer Experience __________________________________________________________<br />

Parent/Guardian Name _________________________________ Relationship _____________<br />

Parent/Guardian Work Phone __________________ Place of Business ___________________<br />

Parent/Guardian Email Address ___________________________________________________<br />

Emergency Phone # _________________________ Cell Phone ________________________<br />

Statement of Responsibility:<br />

As a student in <strong>Pharmacy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> at <strong>Applied</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Center</strong>, I understand that I am responsible for<br />

maintaining the integrity of all the equipment and software in this class. I understand that any damaged<br />

equipment/software that results from improper handling, negligence or other inappropriate behavior will be<br />

replaced at my expense. I also understand that inappropriate use of the Internet may result in loss of use<br />

privileges. This includes, but is not limited to unauthorized downloading of software, configuration changes,<br />

use of chat lines, violation of copyright laws and other misuse of school computers and Internet.<br />

______________________________________<br />

Student Signature<br />

______________________________________<br />

Parent/Guardian Signature<br />

Date<br />

Date<br />

____________________________<br />

____________________________<br />

*Passwords and usernames will be chosen by the student but will be made available to instructor and<br />

parent/guardian.<br />

The ATC, where Academic Skills go to Work! 10

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