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Table 12.1. Weed seed Contaminants of rice encountered during dry seed inspection of incoming seeds. Family and species Seed description Range of detection in incoming seeds a Sample of country in which detected a Figure number Asteraceae Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Caryophyllacea Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Cyperaceae Cyperus compactus Retz. Cyperus iria L. Fimbristylis miliaceae (L.) Vahl Scirpus juncoides Roxb. Scirpus sp. Poaceae Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. Achenes black, achenes of the tubular flowers compressed, oblong, 4.5 x 1.1 mm, coarsely strigose, the apex 2-awned, 2-3.5 mm long, strigose Seed circular in outline with marginal notch, 1-1.3 mm in diameter, reddish brown, surface covered with curved rows of tubercles Seed trigonous, oblong to Iinear, slightly convex on one side, apiculate rostrate, brown, 1-2x0.5 mm Seeds (achenes) brown to red brown, egg shaped, 1-1.5 mm long and 0.1-0.5 mm wide with large base and short pointed minute tip Seed (achene), inverted egg-like, tip blunt, pale ivory to brown, finely reticulate, 0.6-1 mm long by 0.75 mm wide Seed (achene) pale brown to black, three sided, almost smooth, with minute tubercles, up to 6 barbed bristles originating from the base, seed about 2 mm long and 1.5-1.75 mm wide Lower glume minute but distinct, deltoid. 0-5- 2 mm long, upper glume about 2/3 the length of spikelet, narrow, with 1-mm-long marginal hairs and 3 smooth nerves; lemma broadly lanceolate, as long as the spikelet with 5-7 smooth nerves: palea lanceolate, leathery (coriaceous), pale green to yellow brown, as long as lemma; yellow-white caryopsis tightly enclosed by the lemma and palea, generally elliptical and dorsally compressed with a punctiform hilum: embryo 0.6-0.8 mm by 0-.1% 0-.33% .01-.1% 0-.04% .1-.12% .1-.12% Nepal Egypt Bangladesh, Madagascar, China Bangladesh Bhutan, Nepal Nigeria, Vietnarn Bangladesh Bhutan, China, India. Madagascar, Malaysia, Nepal Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Taiwan), India, Madagascar, Malaysia, Nepal 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Weed seed contaminants 67
Table 12.1 continued Family and species Seed description Range of detection in incoming seeds a Sample of country in which detected a Figure number Digitaria sp. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda 2 mm about half the length of the caryopsis. Seed (spikelet) pubescent green tinged with purple, seeds white to yellow, egg-shaped (ovate) 1.3 mm long and 1 mm wide Seed (spikelet) glumes hairy, long awn present, smooth, yellow green to yellow brown, ovate, convex, about 1.5 mm long by 1 mm wide 0-.10% .32-.40% Madagascar Bangladesh, Bhutan, China Egypt, India Iran, Madagascar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, South Africa 12.7 12.8 lschaemum Salisb. Panicum repens rugosum Panicum sp. Paspalum distichum L. [= P. Paspalodes (Michx.) Scribn.] Paspalum sp. Rottboelia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. D. Clayton Glumes transversely ribbed, nerves many and winged above, seeds light brown, biconvex. measuring 2 mm long by 1 mm wide, smooth or very finely reticulated Spikelets oblong-ovate. acute or slightly acuminate, 3 mm long Fruit nearly as long as the spikelet, 1.2 mm wide. smooth, usually without hairs (glabrous). but some may have a few bristly hairs at the apex, first glume very small or absent, second glume as long as the spikelet anti 3- to 5-nerved, lemmas 3- to 5 nerved and shiny, with prominent but often off-center midnerve. lemmas of fertile florets finely roughened by longitudinal rows of minute tubercles, producing faintly striate effect, glumes and sterile lemma often finely pubescent, with soft hairs on the upper portion and along their sides, spikelels flattened, never strongly arched, with a broad base on the fertile floret and short, pointed apex Spikelets 4-5 mm long. the stalkless one yellowish, smooth and hard, sunk into the thick internode; stalked spikelets green and leafy, with thick flattened stalk fused with the internode .05-.30% Bhutan Nepal 0-.10%, Madagascar 0-.10% .04-.40% Egypt Madagascar Bangladesh Madagascar Pakistan 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 aBased on observations at SHU, IRRI. 68 Rice seed health testing manual
Page 2 and 3:
A Manual of Rice Seed Health Testin
Page 4 and 5:
Contents Foreword v Preface vi Part
Page 6 and 7:
Foreword Intensive collaboration ch
Page 8:
Part 1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 Rice
Page 11 and 12:
tional levels (Kahn 1988). Quaranti
Page 13 and 14:
Morphology of the mature plant Matu
Page 15 and 16:
two-celled, besifixed, deeply sagit
Page 18 and 19:
Part 2 Procedures for seed health e
Page 20 and 21:
CHAPTER 3 Equipment J.K. Misra, T.W
Page 22:
3.2 Dry seed inspection using a mag
Page 25 and 26: Example. In a two-stage random samp
Page 27 and 28: solid pointed end. The tube and sle
Page 30: CHAPTER 5 Dry seed inspection J.K.
Page 33 and 34: Detection Blotter and agar plate me
Page 35 and 36: Results: Examine plates for charac-
Page 37 and 38: Extraction and isolation It is esse
Page 39 and 40: GRINDING METHOD (FOR SMALL-SCALE SE
Page 41 and 42: flagellum. Cells occur singly, in p
Page 43 and 44: 7.6 Oxidase test reaction. L = colo
Page 45 and 46: 7.9 Production of 2-ketogluconate.
Page 47 and 48: 1. Grow pathogen-free plants under
Page 49 and 50: 7.12 a. P. glumae type A colony on
Page 51 and 52: A1. Macerate 100 seeds in 10 ml of
Page 53 and 54: Results: 7.Streak the bacteria onto
Page 55 and 56: Sieve method (Fig. 8.1) Procedure:
Page 58 and 59: CHAPTER 10 Field inspection J.K. Mi
Page 60 and 61: Table 10.2. continued Disease Fungi
Page 62 and 63: Table 10.2. continued Disease Growt
Page 64: additional precaution, the multipli
Page 67 and 68: terracoat (5-ethoxy-3- trichloromet
Page 70: Part 3 Pests and pathogens CHAPTER
Page 73: elevant tests for determining the i
Page 77 and 78: Cryptolestes pusillus Schonherr The
Page 79 and 80: Rice weeviI Scientific name: Sitoph
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER 14 Fungal pathogens J.K. Mi
Page 84 and 85: THE DISEASE—BROWN SPOT Sir John W
Page 86 and 87: Symptoms Glumes are discolored, and
Page 88 and 89: y low relative humidity. Released a
Page 90 and 91: THE DISEASE—STEM ROT Stem rot was
Page 92 and 93: THE DISEASE—SHEATH BLIGHT Sheath
Page 94 and 95: Sarocladium oryzae is seedborne. Th
Page 96: Although not currently considered a
Page 99 and 100: Pseudomonas fuscovaginae Pathogen:
Page 101 and 102: See Chapter 7 and Figure 15.4a for
Page 103 and 104: Infected seeds and contaminated wat
Page 105 and 106: For further details, see the Common
Page 107 and 108: nonfluorescent) and Erwinia herbico
Page 109 and 110: Franklin M T, Siddiqi M R (1972) Ap
Page 111 and 112: Tai F L, Siang W N (1948) 'I-chu-hs
Page 113 and 114: 106 Rice seed health testing manual
Page 115 and 116: 108 Rice seed health testing manual
Page 117 and 118: After autoclaving the medium, add t
Page 119 and 120: smoniloid = having swellings at reg
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