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Table 10.2. continued Disease Fungi Growth stage at which inspection is made a Scale (degree of severity) Scale (for blast nursery) (Note: scale 1-4 is qualitative, 5-9 is quantitaitve). Note: Lesion types 5,7, and 9 are considered typical susceptible lesions. Panicle blast (PB) Pathogen: P. oryzae Note: For the mass evaluation of PB incidence, count only the number of panicles with lesions completely around node, neck, or lower part of panicle axis (symptom type 7-9). 8 (20-25 d after heading) 8-9 5 Narrow or slightly elliptical lesions, 1-2 mm long with brown margin 7 Broad, spindle-shaped lesions with yellow, brown, or purple margin 9 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish, grayish, or bluish lesions without distinct margins Scale (based on symptoms) 0 No visible lesion or lesions on only a few pedicels 1 Lesions on several pedicels or secondary branches 3 Lesions on a few primary branches or the middle part of panicle axis 5 Lesion partially around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part of panicle axis near the base 7 Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near the base with more than 30% of filled grain 9 Lesion completely around panicle base or uppermost internode or panicle axis near base with less than 30% of filled grains Scale (incidence of severely infected panicles) 0 No incidence 1 Less than 5% 2 5-10% 5 11-25% 7 26-50% 9 More than 50% Brown spot (BS) Pathogen: Cochliobolus miyabeanus ( Bipolaris oryzae, Drechslera oryzae ) Note: This scale may also be used to assess eyespot disease caused by D. gigantea. Narrow brown leaf spot (NBLS) Pathogen: Sphaerulina oryzina ( Cercospora janseana ) 2 and 5-9 3-9 Scale (affected leaf area) 0 No incidence 1 Less than 1% 2 1-3% 3 4-5% 4 6-10% 5 11-15% 6 16-25% 7 26-50% 8 51-75% 9 76-100% Scale (affected leaf area) 0 No incidence 1 Less than 1% 3 1-5% 5 6-25% 7 26-50% 9 51-100% Field inspection 53
Table 10.2. continued Disease Growth stage at which inspection is made a Scale (degree of severity) Bacteria Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) Pathogen: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Note: This scale may also be used to assess leaf smut caused by Entyloma oryzae. Leaf scald (LSc) Pathogen: Monographelia albescens (Gelachia oryzae Microdochium oryzae) Bacterial blight (BB) Pathogen: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Viruses 3-9 5-8 3-4 (kresek, greenhouse evaluation of leaf blight) 5-8 (leaf blight) Scale (affected leaf area) 0 No incidence 1 Less than 1% 3 1.5% 5 6-25% 7 26-50% 9 51-100% Scale (affected leaf area) 0 No incidence 1 Less than 1% (apical lesions) 3 1-5% (apical lesions) 5 6-25% (apical and some marginal lesions) 7 26-50% (apical and marginal lesions) 9 51-100% (apical and marginal lesions) Scale (for greenhouse test, lesion area) 1 0-3% 2 4-6% 3 7-12% 4 13-25% 5 26-50% 6 51-75% 7 76-87% 8 88-94% 9 95-100% Scale (for field test, lesion area) 1 1-5% 3 6-12% 5 13-25% 7 26-50% 9 51-100% Note: Scale (1-9) based on symptom severity in greenhouse test to evaluate varieties for symptomatic resistance (tolerance) and resistance to virus infection. Individual plants are scored at 3 wk after inoculation. Severity = Sum of scores Total no. of plants observed Score on each plant and compute average score. Rice virus and viruslike diseases Scale (infected plants) 0 No infection 1 1-10% 3 11-30% 5 31-50% 7 51-70% 9 71-100% 54 Rice seed health testing manual
Page 2 and 3:
A Manual of Rice Seed Health Testin
Page 4 and 5:
Contents Foreword v Preface vi Part
Page 6 and 7:
Foreword Intensive collaboration ch
Page 8:
Part 1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 Rice
Page 11 and 12: tional levels (Kahn 1988). Quaranti
Page 13 and 14: Morphology of the mature plant Matu
Page 15 and 16: two-celled, besifixed, deeply sagit
Page 18 and 19: Part 2 Procedures for seed health e
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 3 Equipment J.K. Misra, T.W
Page 22: 3.2 Dry seed inspection using a mag
Page 25 and 26: Example. In a two-stage random samp
Page 27 and 28: solid pointed end. The tube and sle
Page 30: CHAPTER 5 Dry seed inspection J.K.
Page 33 and 34: Detection Blotter and agar plate me
Page 35 and 36: Results: Examine plates for charac-
Page 37 and 38: Extraction and isolation It is esse
Page 39 and 40: GRINDING METHOD (FOR SMALL-SCALE SE
Page 41 and 42: flagellum. Cells occur singly, in p
Page 43 and 44: 7.6 Oxidase test reaction. L = colo
Page 45 and 46: 7.9 Production of 2-ketogluconate.
Page 47 and 48: 1. Grow pathogen-free plants under
Page 49 and 50: 7.12 a. P. glumae type A colony on
Page 51 and 52: A1. Macerate 100 seeds in 10 ml of
Page 53 and 54: Results: 7.Streak the bacteria onto
Page 55 and 56: Sieve method (Fig. 8.1) Procedure:
Page 58 and 59: CHAPTER 10 Field inspection J.K. Mi
Page 62 and 63: Table 10.2. continued Disease Growt
Page 64: additional precaution, the multipli
Page 67 and 68: terracoat (5-ethoxy-3- trichloromet
Page 70: Part 3 Pests and pathogens CHAPTER
Page 73 and 74: elevant tests for determining the i
Page 75 and 76: Table 12.1 continued Family and spe
Page 77 and 78: Cryptolestes pusillus Schonherr The
Page 79 and 80: Rice weeviI Scientific name: Sitoph
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER 14 Fungal pathogens J.K. Mi
Page 84 and 85: THE DISEASE—BROWN SPOT Sir John W
Page 86 and 87: Symptoms Glumes are discolored, and
Page 88 and 89: y low relative humidity. Released a
Page 90 and 91: THE DISEASE—STEM ROT Stem rot was
Page 92 and 93: THE DISEASE—SHEATH BLIGHT Sheath
Page 94 and 95: Sarocladium oryzae is seedborne. Th
Page 96: Although not currently considered a
Page 99 and 100: Pseudomonas fuscovaginae Pathogen:
Page 101 and 102: See Chapter 7 and Figure 15.4a for
Page 103 and 104: Infected seeds and contaminated wat
Page 105 and 106: For further details, see the Common
Page 107 and 108: nonfluorescent) and Erwinia herbico
Page 109 and 110: Franklin M T, Siddiqi M R (1972) Ap
Page 111 and 112:
Tai F L, Siang W N (1948) 'I-chu-hs
Page 113 and 114:
106 Rice seed health testing manual
Page 115 and 116:
108 Rice seed health testing manual
Page 117 and 118:
After autoclaving the medium, add t
Page 119 and 120:
smoniloid = having swellings at reg
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