A manual of rice seed health testing - IRRI books - International Rice ...
A manual of rice seed health testing - IRRI books - International Rice ...
A manual of rice seed health testing - IRRI books - International Rice ...
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smoniloid = having swellings at regular intervals<br />
like a string <strong>of</strong> beads<br />
monotrichous = (<strong>of</strong> bacteria) having one<br />
polar flagellum<br />
mucronate = pointed; ending in a short,<br />
sharp point<br />
mycelium = a mass or group <strong>of</strong> hyphae<br />
making up the thallus <strong>of</strong> a fungus<br />
mycoplasma = genus to which microorganisms<br />
with a unit membrane and no rigid<br />
cell wall belongs<br />
obclavate = the shape <strong>of</strong> a club upside<br />
down, thickened towards the base<br />
obligate aerobe = an organism that always<br />
needs oxygen for its growth<br />
obligate parasite = an organism that can<br />
obtain food only from living protoplasm;<br />
it cannot be grown in culture on<br />
nonliving media<br />
obligate saprobe = an organism that must<br />
obtain its food from dead organic matter<br />
and is incapable <strong>of</strong> infecting another<br />
living organism<br />
osmophilic = growing under conditions <strong>of</strong><br />
high osmotic pressure, as some yeast<br />
on concentrated sugar solutions<br />
ostiole = opening <strong>of</strong> a true perithecium or a<br />
pycnidium, ending in a pore<br />
parasite = an organism that lives at the<br />
expense <strong>of</strong> another, usually invading it<br />
and causing disease; an oganism that<br />
obtains its food or nutrients wholly or in<br />
part from another living organism, usually<br />
<strong>of</strong> a different species<br />
pathogen = an organism able to cause disease<br />
perfect stage = the sexual stage <strong>of</strong> a fungus;<br />
the state <strong>of</strong> a life cycle in which<br />
spores(such as ascospores and<br />
basidiophores) are formed after nuclear<br />
fusion or by parthenogenesis<br />
peritrichous = having flagella all over the<br />
surface<br />
petri dish = (named after R.J. Petri, a German<br />
scientist): a glass container consisting<br />
<strong>of</strong> a circular, flat dish with vertical<br />
sides, and a similar but slightly<br />
larger cover that fits over it; standard<br />
equipment for growing microorganisms<br />
in pure culture<br />
phialide = a type <strong>of</strong> conidiogenous cell that<br />
produces blastic conidia in a basipetal<br />
fashion without detectably increasing in<br />
length<br />
phytopathogenic = organisms characteristically<br />
either parasites <strong>of</strong> leaving plants<br />
or saprobes <strong>of</strong> plant material<br />
pionnote = (<strong>of</strong> Fusarium ) a spore mass having<br />
a fat- or greaselike appearance<br />
polytretic = tretic with several channels or<br />
pores<br />
predisposition = state or condition resulting<br />
from the act <strong>of</strong> inclining or conditioning<br />
beforehand, giving a tendency to, a propensity<br />
for<br />
prokaryote = a cellular organism that does<br />
not have a distinct nucleus (e.g., bacterium<br />
or blue-green alga)<br />
promycelia = a hypha <strong>of</strong> restricted growth<br />
bearing basidiospores, the epibasidium<br />
<strong>of</strong> the rusts and smuts<br />
pronotum = the upper or dorsal surface <strong>of</strong><br />
the prothorax<br />
propagule = any unit in service <strong>of</strong> propagation,<br />
such as spore, sclerotium,<br />
mycelial fragment, etc.<br />
pseudoseptum = a pluglike partition <strong>of</strong><br />
cellulin or other substance in a hypha,<br />
resembling a septum (pl.pseudosepta)<br />
pulverulent = powdered; as if powdered<br />
over<br />
pycnidia = an asexual, hollow fruiting body<br />
in which conidia are produced, characteristic<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sphaeropsidales<br />
pyriform = pearlike in form<br />
resistance = the power <strong>of</strong> a host to overcome,<br />
completely or in some degree,<br />
the effect <strong>of</strong> a pathogen or damaging<br />
factor<br />
reticulate = having the form <strong>of</strong> a net; covered<br />
with netlike ridges<br />
rhizoid = a short, thin branch <strong>of</strong> thallus,<br />
superficially resembling a root<br />
rust = a disease caused by one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Uredinales; also a rust fungus<br />
sagittate = shaped like an arrowhead<br />
saprophyte = an organism using dead organic<br />
material as food and commonly<br />
causing its decay<br />
sclerotium = a resting body <strong>of</strong> variable size<br />
composed <strong>of</strong> a hard mass <strong>of</strong> hyphae,<br />
with or without host tissue, from which<br />
fruit bodies, stromata, conidiophores,<br />
or mycelia may develop<br />
septate = with more or less regularly occurring<br />
cross walls<br />
septum = a cross wall in a hypha<br />
(pl. septa)<br />
seta = a bristlelike hair (pl.setae)<br />
sexual reproduction = reproduction involving<br />
nuclear fusion and meiosis<br />
slant = sterile agar media in test tubes<br />
congealed in slanting position<br />
slurry (<strong>seed</strong> treatment) = application <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>seed</strong> treatment fungicide by making<br />
watery paste <strong>of</strong> fungicide in a treatment<br />
jar (wide mouthed), <strong>seed</strong>s are poured<br />
in, covered, and shaken vigorously or<br />
jar is placed in roll mill for 5-10 min<br />
until the slurry is taken up evenly by the<br />
<strong>seed</strong> surfaces<br />
smut = a disease caused by one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ustilaginales; also a smut fungus<br />
solitary = arising singly at one point<br />
spermatium = a nonmotile, sporelike gamete,<br />
e.g., a pycniospore in rust fungi or<br />
a microconidium in Discomycete<br />
spinulose = covered with little spines<br />
spiracle = an apparatus for breathing; any<br />
<strong>of</strong> the small openings <strong>of</strong> the tracheal<br />
respiratory system in most terrestrial<br />
arthropods<br />
sporangiophore = a hypha that bears a<br />
sporangium<br />
sporangiospore = a spore borne within a<br />
sporangium<br />
sporangium = a saclike structure, the entire<br />
protoplasmic contents <strong>of</strong> which become<br />
converted into an indefinite number <strong>of</strong><br />
spores (pl. sporangia)<br />
spore = a minute propagative unit functioning<br />
as a <strong>seed</strong> but differing from it in<br />
that a spore does not contain a preformed<br />
embryo<br />
sporidium = spore produced on the<br />
promycelium or basidium <strong>of</strong> smuts and<br />
rusts<br />
sporiferous = carrying spores<br />
sporodochium = a pulvinate stroma with<br />
closely packed, relatively short<br />
conidiophores<br />
sporulation = producing spores or arrangement<br />
<strong>of</strong> produced spores<br />
sterigma = a small hyphal branch or structure<br />
which supports a sporangium, a<br />
conidium, or a basidiospore (pl.<br />
sterigmata)<br />
sterigose = having stiff hairs or bristles<br />
systemic = (<strong>of</strong> a plant pathogen) occurring<br />
throughout the plant; (<strong>of</strong> a chemical)<br />
absorbed into the plant through roots or<br />
foliage<br />
teleomorph = the perfect stage or sexual<br />
stage <strong>of</strong> fungi<br />
112 <strong>Rice</strong> <strong>seed</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>testing</strong> <strong>manual</strong>