ULTIMATE COMPUTING - Quantum Consciousness Studies

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42 Brain/Mind/Computer Figure 2.3: Closer view of neurons with intraneuronal cytoskeleton visible. Dendrites, ascending from below into cell bodies, have numerous dendritic pines. Several synapses are depicted. By Jamie Bowman Hameroff. 2.2.10 Holography Holograms may be formed from interference patterns generated from two or more coherent wave sources. Initially a laboratory curiosity, holography became important with the advent of lasers as coherent light sources in the early 1960’s. A hologram recorded in a photographic plate appears to be mere garble until reilluminated with one of the original coherent wave sources and thereupon projects three dimensional spatial images. Two properties of holograms have attracted ‘ interest and comparisons with consciousness and mental imagery. One is that holograms have an enormous capacity for information storage, although
Brain/Mind/Computer 43 coherent reference waves are necessary for recall. The second is that much information in a given hologram is contained in any one small portion of it, although with reduced resolution and signal to noise ratio. Recently, dynamic real-time holography has been developed with the use of photorefractive crystals (Gower, 1985). Denis Gabor (1948), who received the 1969 Nobel prize for his invention of holography, remarked: for some years now this property of holograms has attracted the interest of neurophysiologists who were puzzled by the difficulty in locating the ‘engram’ in the human or animal memory. As is now well known, especially since the famous experiments of Lashley, large parts of the brain can sometimes be destroyed without wiping out a learned pattern of behavior. This has led to speculation that the brain may contain a holographic mechanism. Gabor was skeptical, however, about the “existence of waves or tuned resonators in the brain.” The mantle of holographic brain theory was taken up by Stanford’s Karl Pribram (1986) who has contended that the brain perceives sensory information by analysis of the interference of neural firing frequencies. What results within the brain, according to Pribram, is a holographic domain in which space and time are enfolded. Consequently transformations into ordinary domains can be achieved from any part of the encoded records. This is the property of distributedness of information which characterizes holograms and brain functions. Holographic brain models have been based on coherent wave interference at the level of neuronal activities, particularly dendritic-dendritic interactions. Verification of coherency among neurons has been lacking, and the neural level hologram remains merely an interesting mathematical model. However, the cytoskeleton within neurons (and all cells) may be well suited for holographic mechanisms due its spatial coherence (i.e. 8 nanometer periodicity) and potential temporal coupling (coherent nanosecond oscillations, see Chapter 6). Thus intracellula cytoplasm surrounding the cytoskeleton may be the substrate for holographic consciousness. The holographic concept of consciousness has psycho-physical implications (Weber, 1975). Physicist David Bohm has remarked that our perceptions of reality are conditioned on lenses (eyes, cameras, microscopes, etc.) which focus, objectify, form boundaries, and particularize. Lensless holograms are distributed, lack boundaries and are “holistic.” Bohm suggests that the reality ‘of the universe is mathematically similar to a hologram (the “implicate” domain) which deals with frequency domain, and fluctuating waveform properties as opposed to our lens conditioned Euclidean-Newtonian impressions. This approach seems consistent with modern physics views on wave/particle duality and the uncertainty principle. Experiences reported by mystics, schizophrenics and hallucinogenic drug experimenters describe loss of spatial and temporal boundaries, and a holographic (“fractal”) characteristic of the whole being represented in every part. One may argue whether mystical/schizoid/drug induced perceptions are aberrations or clarified reality, but certain properties of holograms (distributedness of information, vast storage capacity, three dimensional spatial imagery) bear some resemblance to consciousness.
Page 1 and 2: ULTIMATE COMPUTING 1 ULTIMATE COMPU
Page 3 and 4: Contents 3 4.3.7 Parallelism, Colle
Page 5 and 6: Prelude 5 0 Prelude What is this bo
Page 7 and 8: Toward Ultimate Computing 7 1 Towar
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Page 33 and 34: Brain/Mind/Computer 33 2 Brain/Mind
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Page 55 and 56: Origin and Evolution of Life 55 Fig
Page 57 and 58: Origin and Evolution of Life 57 cen
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Anesthesia: Another Side of Conscio
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Viruses/Ambiguous Life Forms 185 Fi
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Viruses/Ambiguous Life Forms 189 to
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NanoTechnology 191 micromanipulator
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NanoTechnology 193 Figure 10.2: Nan
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NanoTechnology 195 Figure 10.3: Mul
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NanoTechnology 197 Figure 10.5: STM
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NanoTechnology 213 applied to the s
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NanoTechnology 215 10.7 Replicating
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The Future of Consciousness 217 11
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Bibliography 219 12 Bibliography Aa
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Bibliography 221 Barra H. S., C. A.
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Bibliography 223 Careri, G., U. Buo
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Bibliography 225 Dafu, D. and X. Ji
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Bibliography 227 Eckert, R., Y. Nai
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Bibliography 229 Fröhlich, H. (198
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Bibliography 231 Hameroff, S. R. an
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Bibliography 233 Jacobson, M. (1974
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Bibliography 243 Shimizu, H. and H.
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Bibliography 245 Preparations: Phos
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Bibliography 247 Wisniewski, H., W.
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Bibliography 257 Muralt, P. and D.
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Bibliography 259 Myhill, J. (1964).
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Bibliography 261 12.6 Quantum Compu
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Bibliography 263 Keyes, R. W. (1972
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Bibliography 265 beta tubulin, 7, 8
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