ULTIMATE COMPUTING - Quantum Consciousness Studies

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192 NanoTechnology 10.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STMs) Figure 10.1: Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) depends on ultraprecise, but rapid movement of a sharp, single atom tip over a surface. The movement is controlled by X-Y-Z direction piezoceramic arms which move fractions of nanometers in response to voltage changes. By Paul Jablonka (Schneiker and Hameroff, 1987).
NanoTechnology 193 Figure 10.2: Nanoscale view of substrate to STM tip electron tunneling. By Paul Jablonka (Schneiker and Hameroff, 1987). Mode Number I II III IV Quantity held constant i, v h, v h, i h, i, v Quantity measured h i v i/v Table 10-1: STM operating modes; i, v, h are tunneling current, voltage, and height (tip to sample surface distance) respectively (Schneiker, 1986). The 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics was split between the 50 year old cornucopia of microknowledge, the electron microscope, and a brand new, unfulfilled technology, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM half of the Prize was awarded to Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer of the IBM Zurich Research Laboratories where STM was invented in 1981 (Binnig, Rohrer, Gerber and Weibel, 1982). The principle used in STM is extremely simple (Figure 10.1). Piezoceramic materials expand or shrink extremely small distances (i.e. angstroms, or tenth nanometers) in response to applied voltage. In STM, piezoceramic holders scan an ultrasharp conducting tip (such as tungsten) over a conducting or semiconducting surface (Figure 10.1). When the STM tip is within a few angstroms of a surface, a small voltage applied between the two gives rise
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ULTIMATE COMPUTING 1 ULTIMATE COMPU
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Contents 3 4.3.7 Parallelism, Colle
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Prelude 5 0 Prelude What is this bo
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Toward Ultimate Computing 7 1 Towar
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Toward Ultimate Computing 9 Edmund
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Toward Ultimate Computing 11 Figure
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Toward Ultimate Computing 13 increa
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Toward Ultimate Computing 15 1.3.2
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Toward Ultimate Computing 17 in the
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Toward Ultimate Computing 21 (1981)
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Toward Ultimate Computing 25 A meth
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Brain/Mind/Computer 33 2 Brain/Mind
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Brain/Mind/Computer 35 and organiza
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Brain/Mind/Computer 37 consciousnes
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Brain/Mind/Computer 39 lend itself
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Brain/Mind/Computer 41 2.2.9 Neural
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Brain/Mind/Computer 43 coherent ref
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Brain/Mind/Computer 45 transmitting
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Origin and Evolution of Life 47 3 O
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Origin and Evolution of Life 49 con
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Origin and Evolution of Life 51 of
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Origin and Evolution of Life 53 inf
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Origin and Evolution of Life 55 Fig
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Origin and Evolution of Life 57 cen
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 59 4 Fro
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 61 “gr
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 63 Figur
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 67 ... W
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 69 impli
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 71 preco
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 73 Figur
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 75 abili
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 77 4.3.7
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From Brain to Cytoskeleton 79 lead,
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Cytoskeleton/Cytocomputer 81 Figure
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Cytoskeleton/Cytocomputer 85 within
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Protein Conformational Dynamics 129
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Page 149 and 150: Anesthesia: Another Side of Conscio
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Page 219 and 220: Bibliography 219 12 Bibliography Aa
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Page 223 and 224: Bibliography 223 Careri, G., U. Buo
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Page 241 and 242: Bibliography 241 Robinson, A. L. (1
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Bibliography 243 Shimizu, H. and H.
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Bibliography 245 Preparations: Phos
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Bibliography 247 Wisniewski, H., W.
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Bibliography 249 Berghaus, Th., H.
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Bibliography 253 Louis, E., F. Flor
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Bibliography 255 Sonnenfeld, R., an
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Bibliography 257 Muralt, P. and D.
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Bibliography 259 Myhill, J. (1964).
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Bibliography 261 12.6 Quantum Compu
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Bibliography 263 Keyes, R. W. (1972
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Bibliography 265 beta tubulin, 7, 8
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Bibliography 267 dipole interaction
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Bibliography 269 129, 133, 136, 144
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Bibliography 271 Ramon y Cajal, 67
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