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MODULE A- INTRODUCTION TO RADAR Figure-2.1 : First Radar Patent 2.2. Basic Radar Terms It seems beneficial to give at least the definitions of some basic radar terms to be able to understand the theory and operation of radars. The common definitions of basic terms which will be talked about frequently during that <strong>training</strong> <strong>course</strong> are given below: a) Frequency (f) Frequency refers to the number of completed wave cycles per second. Radar frequency is expressed in units of Hertz (Hz). b) Phase (δ ) Phase of an electromagnetic wave is essentially the fraction of a full wavelength a particular point is from some reference point measured in radians or degrees. TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 7
MODULE A- INTRODUCTION TO RADAR c) Bandwidth (BW) The difference between the upper and lower frequencies of a band of electromagnetic radiation. d) Wavelength ( λ ) The distance from wave crest to wave crest (or trough to trough) along an electromagnetic wave’s direction of travel is called wavelength. e) Pulse width (τ) Time interval between the leading edge and trailing edge of a pulse at a point where the amplitude is 50% of the peak value. f) PRF&PRT Pulse repetition frequency is the number of peak power pulses transmitted per second. Pulse repetition time is the time interval between two peak pulses. g) Duty Factor/Duty Cycle Duty cycle is the amount of time a radar transmits compare to its listening or receiving time. The ratio is sometimes expressed in per cent. It can be determined by multiplying PRF and Pulse width or, by dividing the Pulse width with PRT. h) Beamwidth (θ) It is defined as the angle between the half-power (3 dB) points of the main lobe, when referenced to the peak effective radiated power of the main lobe Some Nomenclature Name Symbol Units Typical values transmitted frequency f t MHz, GHz 1000-12500 MHz wavelength λ cm 3-10 cm Pulse duration τ µsec 1 µsec Pulse length h m 150-300 m (h=c τ) Pulse repetition frequency PRF sec -1 1000 sec -1 interpulse period T millisec 1 millisec peak transmitted power P t MW 1 MW average power P avg kW 1 kW (Pavg = P t τ PRF) received power P r mW 10 -6 mW 8 TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005
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training course on weather radar systems - RTC, Regional Training ...

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