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MODULE A- INTRODUCTION TO RADAR Before we derive the radar equation for the distributed targets situation, we need to make some assumptions: 1) The beam is filled with targets. 2) Multiple scattering is ignored 3) Total average power is equal to sum of powers scattered by individual particles. Recall the radar equation for a single target: (1) For multiple targets, radar equation (1) can be written as: (2) where the sum is over all targets within the pulse volume. If we assume that h/2
MODULE A- INTRODUCTION TO RADAR Thus, (5) can be written as: (5) Substituting (5) into (3) gives: (6) Note that: P r is proportional to R -2 for distributed targets. P r is proportional to R -4 for point targets. Radar Reflectivity The sum of all backscattering cross sections (per unit volume) is referred to as the radar reflectivity (η). In other words, (7) In terms of the radar reflectivity, the radar equation for distributed targets (21) can be written as: (8) All variables in (8), except η are either known or measured. Now, we need to add a fudge factor due to the fact that the beam shape is Gaussian. Hence, (8) becomes; (9) Complex Dielectric Factor The backscattering cross section (σ i ) can be written as: 20 TURKEY RADAR TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005
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