Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ...
Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ... Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ...
Chapter III: Contending Issues in Governance and Democracy at the Local Government Level in Nigeria: Some Reflections on the Niger Delta Question Africa because of the colonial legacy. Ake (1993:13), commented that ‘what the colonizers of Africa established in the cause of the state project was not so much a state in the western sense as an apparatus of violent repression’. Continuing, Ake observed that most of the nationalist leaders who came to power at independence decided to inherit the colonial state rather than transform it in accordance with nationalist aspirations. This isolated them and they became increasingly dependent on force to suppress a population that was inclined to revolt against their betrayal and unimpressive performance in office, a performance now epitomized by an economic crisis so deep that it has become life threatening. The interpretations that can easily be given for this kind of failure of leadership, according to Selznick (1984:22), ‘… result from an inadequate understanding of its true nature and tasks’. On the realm of leadership, what is common to them is power and the interest which it serves in terms of capital and resources accumulation in order to continue to be relevant within the political system. Critically speaking, Nigeria has become a predatory state where power is based not on the usually recognized broad public support, but on force or coercion. According to Igun (2008), this is complimented by ‘the support of a narrow kleptocratic self-seeking elite’. The elite, especially the opportunistic few collaborators from the Niger Delta region, encourages the exploitation of both public and private resources for the gain of themselves through institutionalized practices by which oil resources and crude oil are controlled and 78
Dr. Akpomuvire Mukoro stolen to grease the functioning of an intensive machinery of rent seeking political patronage and bare-faced oppression/suppression etc. Logically, the argument can be advanced that beginning from the 1950’s when attempt was made to democratize local administration into modern participatory form of grassroot self government, the exercise was vitiated by the Omniscient powers of the regional parties. An account by Dudley (1981:110 – 111) has it that at the end of the 1950s; … not only had the initial structures been changed, but party political pressure to have local authorities function as voting machines for ruling parties had led to most elected council being suspended and in their place, “caretaker committees”, composed of government nominees, substituted. Local participation had been made to give way to direct administration by the state government ministries. By 1975, this pattern had barely changed because at the grassroot, government remained as remote and removed from daily concern of the people as ever. In the circumstance, it was difficult to attract, retain and develop the kind of leadership that would bring about and 79
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Dr. Akpomuvire Mukoro<br />
stolen to grease <strong>the</strong> function<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> an <strong>in</strong>tensive mach<strong>in</strong>ery <strong>of</strong> rent<br />
seek<strong>in</strong>g political patronage and bare-faced oppression/suppression<br />
etc.<br />
Logically, <strong>the</strong> argument can be advanced that beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g from <strong>the</strong><br />
1950’s when attempt was made to democratize local adm<strong>in</strong>istration<br />
<strong>in</strong>to modern participatory form <strong>of</strong> grassroot self government, <strong>the</strong><br />
exercise was vitiated by <strong>the</strong> Omniscient powers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regional parties.<br />
An account by Dudley (1981:110 – 111) has it that at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
1950s;<br />
… not only had <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>itial structures been changed,<br />
but party political pressure to have local authorities<br />
function as vot<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>es for rul<strong>in</strong>g parties had<br />
led to most elected council be<strong>in</strong>g suspended and <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir place, “caretaker committees”, composed <strong>of</strong><br />
government nom<strong>in</strong>ees, substituted. Local<br />
participation had been made to give way to direct<br />
adm<strong>in</strong>istration by <strong>the</strong> state government m<strong>in</strong>istries.<br />
By 1975, this pattern had barely changed because at <strong>the</strong> grassroot,<br />
government rema<strong>in</strong>ed as remote and removed from daily concern <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> people as ever. In <strong>the</strong> circumstance, it was difficult to attract,<br />
reta<strong>in</strong> and develop <strong>the</strong> k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> leadership that would br<strong>in</strong>g about and<br />
79