Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ...
Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ... Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ...
Chapter III: Contending Issues in Governance and Democracy at the Local Government Level in Nigeria: Some Reflections on the Niger Delta Question structure on the nature of Nigerian federalism. Since it is federalism that created the need for revenue allocation, it is appropriate to worry about what a revenue allocation system does to a nation. Take for example, the recent clamour, court cases and political tension generated over resource control mounted by the South/South Governors of oil producing states of Nigeria. The oil producing states are laying claim to natural resources located both onshore and offshore which the sharing formulae have wholly allocated to the central government. This, critics have argued have broken faith with the letters of true federalism. By the principles of derivation, owners of resources must have a fair share and say over resources abounding in their territories. Igun (2008) captured it succinctly when he said “in the years immediately following independence when Nigeria relied mainly on cash crops such as groundnuts and cotton (for the North), cocoa (for the west), and palm oil (for the east), the allocation was one hundred percent to the generating region”. But this situation changed considerably when earnings from crude oil became massive and thus over-took earings from agricultural products. According to Igun, ‘the ruling elite from the three dominant group connived, using the levers of federal political power to alter the formula to favour them and deny the indigenes of the Niger-Delta oil bearing communities’. The Niger- Delta which is the centre of Nigeria’s multi-billion dollar oil industry is one of west Africa’s most underdeveloped and violent regions. Though the region is the source of more than 90% of Nigeria’s foreign 74
Dr. Akpomuvire Mukoro earnings, its people are among the poorest in the country (Punch Newspaper 12, November 2003). Also, in the month of April 2004, the federal government decided to withhold allocation to the states that created new local government claiming that the exercise was illegal. If the principles of fairness, equity, derivation, decentralization and consultation which are the hallmarks of federal systems have been well applied, the local governments would not have been going cap in hand begging for hand-outs from the federal government. In such situations, the owners of particular resources or endowments have to be put in knowledge and made to participate on how their God given resources should be excavated, explored and expropriated. Anything short of this will continue to generate heat in the polity, create discontent and strife and encourage secession from a system that has become a pariah. One major reason underlying the creation of local government is funding. The Niger Delta States obviously have the financial muscle. But the majority ethnic nationalities in Nigeria will for all time stand against the Niger Deltan’s whenever the benefits and advantage of oil resources comes to the front burner. Nigeria is a vast and very rich country. There are whole arrays of resources wasting away in the underbelly of many communities. But the federal government and the states to some extent, have arrogated 75
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Dr. Akpomuvire Mukoro<br />
earn<strong>in</strong>gs, its people are among <strong>the</strong> poorest <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> country (Punch<br />
Newspaper 12, November 2003).<br />
Also, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> April 2004, <strong>the</strong> federal government decided to<br />
withhold allocation to <strong>the</strong> states that created new local government<br />
claim<strong>in</strong>g that <strong>the</strong> exercise was illegal. If <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>of</strong> fairness,<br />
equity, derivation, decentralization and consultation which are <strong>the</strong><br />
hallmarks <strong>of</strong> federal systems have been well applied, <strong>the</strong> local<br />
governments would not have been go<strong>in</strong>g cap <strong>in</strong> hand begg<strong>in</strong>g for<br />
hand-outs from <strong>the</strong> federal government. In such situations, <strong>the</strong><br />
owners <strong>of</strong> particular resources or endowments have to be put <strong>in</strong><br />
knowledge and made to participate on how <strong>the</strong>ir God given resources<br />
should be excavated, explored and expropriated. Anyth<strong>in</strong>g short <strong>of</strong><br />
this will cont<strong>in</strong>ue to generate heat <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> polity, create discontent and<br />
strife and encourage secession from a system that has become a<br />
pariah. One major reason underly<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> local government<br />
is fund<strong>in</strong>g. The <strong>Niger</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> States obviously have <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ancial<br />
muscle. But <strong>the</strong> majority ethnic nationalities <strong>in</strong> <strong>Niger</strong>ia will for all time<br />
stand aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong> <strong>Niger</strong> <strong>Delta</strong>n’s whenever <strong>the</strong> benefits and advantage<br />
<strong>of</strong> oil resources comes to <strong>the</strong> front burner.<br />
<strong>Niger</strong>ia is a vast and very rich country. There are whole arrays <strong>of</strong><br />
resources wast<strong>in</strong>g away <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> underbelly <strong>of</strong> many communities. But<br />
<strong>the</strong> federal government and <strong>the</strong> states to some extent, have arrogated<br />
75