Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ...
Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ... Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria - Journal of ...
Chapter IV: Fishers of Men: The Political Economy of Kidnapping in the Niger Delta Criminality or whatever else that could be the reason for hostagetaking and kidnapping is in need of explanation. Why for instance has criminality as a means of livelihood suddenly ceased to take well known forms such as armed robbery or sea piracy and taken on the character of occupational shift in which the youths have been transformed from the age-long tradition of fishing in the numerous rivers and creeks in the region into ‘fishers of men’ What are the political, social and economic forces involved in this transformation These are the central questions addressed in this chapter which relies on the rich extant literature on the Niger Delta, numerous newspaper reports and field work in the region during my one year sabbatical leave in 2006 at the Niger Delta University (NDU), Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State. The rest of the chapter is devoted to a brief historical review of the political economy of the Niger Delta in the section which follows. Section 3 deals with the oil economy, politics and kidnapping while section 4 is the conclusion. Location and Brief Review Of Political And Economic History Of The Niger Delta The Niger Delta has been defined as: Comprising the area covered by the natural delta of the Niger River and the areas to the east and west, which also produce oil, covering approximately 25,900 square kilometres with a northern boundary 100
Dr. William Ehwarieme located close to the bifurcation of the Niger River at Aboh, while the western and eastern boundaries are around the Benin River and Imo River respectively. (Environmental Resources Management Limited [EMRL], 1997). Defined in this strict geographical sense, the area would be made up of six states namely, Edo, Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers, Cross River and Akwa Ibom. The land area however, extends to cover 75,000 square kilometres and includes three additional states namely, Ondo, Imo and Abia for purposes of delineating oil producing areas under the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) Act. This chapter adopts the latter definition of the Niger Delta because kidnapping has also been prevalent in the three states, although most of the cases have occurred in the six core states particularly Rivers and Bayelsa. For some purposes in this chapter, core Niger Delta would be used to differentiate the six from the three states. The Niger Delta has been described as “mostly a flat, low-lying, swampy basin criss-crossed by a dense network of meandering rivers and creeks” with four broad ecological zones which are, “from the coast inland, the coastal sandy barrier ridge zone, the mangrove swamp zone, the freshwater swamp zone and the lowland rainforest zone.” (UNDP, 2006:44). This naturally makes fishing and agriculture the traditional occupation of the people. Differences in the ecological zones however, necessitated some forms of occupational specialization. Thus, while the people in the lowland rainforest zone 101
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Chapter IV: Fishers <strong>of</strong> Men: The Political Economy <strong>of</strong> Kidnapp<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Niger</strong> <strong>Delta</strong><br />
Crim<strong>in</strong>ality or whatever else that could be <strong>the</strong> reason for hostagetak<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and kidnapp<strong>in</strong>g is <strong>in</strong> need <strong>of</strong> explanation. Why for <strong>in</strong>stance has<br />
crim<strong>in</strong>ality as a means <strong>of</strong> livelihood suddenly ceased to take well<br />
known forms such as armed robbery or sea piracy and taken on <strong>the</strong><br />
character <strong>of</strong> occupational shift <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> youths have been<br />
transformed from <strong>the</strong> age-long tradition <strong>of</strong> fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> numerous<br />
rivers and creeks <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> region <strong>in</strong>to ‘fishers <strong>of</strong> men’ What are <strong>the</strong><br />
political, social and economic forces <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> this transformation<br />
These are <strong>the</strong> central questions addressed <strong>in</strong> this chapter which relies<br />
on <strong>the</strong> rich extant literature on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Niger</strong> <strong>Delta</strong>, numerous newspaper<br />
reports and field work <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> region dur<strong>in</strong>g my one year sabbatical<br />
leave <strong>in</strong> 2006 at <strong>the</strong> <strong>Niger</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> University (NDU), Wilberforce Island,<br />
Bayelsa State.<br />
The rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chapter is devoted to a brief historical review <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> political economy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Niger</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> section which follows.<br />
Section 3 deals with <strong>the</strong> oil economy, politics and kidnapp<strong>in</strong>g while<br />
section 4 is <strong>the</strong> conclusion.<br />
Location and Brief Review Of Political And Economic History Of<br />
The <strong>Niger</strong> <strong>Delta</strong><br />
The <strong>Niger</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> has been def<strong>in</strong>ed as:<br />
Compris<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> area covered by <strong>the</strong> natural delta <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Niger</strong> River<br />
and <strong>the</strong> areas to <strong>the</strong> east and west, which also produce oil, cover<strong>in</strong>g<br />
approximately 25,900 square kilometres with a nor<strong>the</strong>rn boundary<br />
100