DIALYZER

DIALYZERS
Introduction to DIALYZERS
Harvard Apparatus DIALYZER Family
REUSABLE DIALYZERS
DIALYZER
For routine dialysis of volumes from 10 μl to 5 ml, see page N26.
Fast DIALYZER
Routine dialysis at higher speeds due to an additional dialysis port, see page N27.
SpinDIALYZER and Fast SpinDIALYZER
These are our DIALYZER and Fast DIALYZER with an internal magnet that allows the
entire unit to rotate on a magnetic stirrer for even faster dialysis, see page N28.
ElectroPrep
The ElectroPrep is an electrophoresis based dialysis system. It can be configured for a
number of applications including the elution of biomolecules from gels as well as
sample concentration. Flow-Thru ElectroPrep (pat) is used with the single or multi
Fast DIALYZER system for ultra-fast pumping, see pages N29 to N31.
Flow-Thru Fast DIALYZER
Used with the ElectroPrep system supporting continuous online sample detection,
see page N32.
Flow-Thru DIALYZER
Larger Membrane for rapid dialysis of volumes up to 10 ml, see page N33.
DISPOSABLE DIALYZERS
Ultra-Micro DispoDIALYZER
Disposable, single use DIALYZERS for sample sizes from 1 μl to 5 μl, see page N34.
Micro DispoDIALYZER
Disposable, single use DIALYZERS for sample sizes from 5 μl to 100 μl, see page N35.
Macro Fast DispoDIALYZER
Disposable, single use DIALYZERS for sample sizes from 1 ml to 10 ml, see page N36.
96-Well DispoDIALYZER
Disposable, single use DIALYZERS that utilize a 96-well format for high throughput
applications and are for samples sizes from 25 μl to 300 μl, see page N37.
EQUILIBRIUM DIALYZERS
Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZER - Reusable
For simultaneous and highly reproducible equilibrium dialysis of up to 20 samples
with volumes up to 5 ml, see page N39.
Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER - Reusable
The Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER is available as 2- or 3-chamber systems. It is used to
study interactions between biomolecules such as the binding of a ligand to a protein,
see page N40.
Fast Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER - Reusable
A reusable Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER suitable for 25 μl samples for quicker
equilibration times using membranes with larger surface areas, see page N41.
DispoEquilibrium DIALYZER - Single Use
A disposable version of the Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER suitable for samples up
to 75 μl, see page N41.
96-Well Equilibrium DIALYZER - Single Use
A 96-well disposable equilibrium DIALYZER for high throughput interaction studies.
Suitable for samples up to 200 μl, see page N42.
Dialysis is a physical separation method in
which small molecules pass through the pores
of a selective membrane while larger
molecules are retained in the dialysis
chamber. Our DIALYZER portfolio is a unique
family of products for the dialysis of small
sample volumes of proteins, peptides, nucleic
acids, and other biomolecules. The system is
suited for sample volumes from 10 μl to 10 ml
or higher. The DIALYZER family consists of
over 50 different components that can be
joined together to create hundreds of
combinations for various applications.
Advantages:
• Easy to use
• Leak-proof
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Rapid dialysis/purification
Applications:
• Exchange of buffers
• Equilibrium dialysis
• Protein binding assays
• Removal of detergents
• Concentration of samples
• Sample prep for HPLC, HPCE
• Electro-concentration
• Immunoblotting
• Purification of proteins, DNA/RNA
• Electrophoresis, electro-elution,
electro-dialysis
• Removal of excess radiolabel or
PCR-primers
• GC, GC-MS, NMR
• Elution of proteins and nucleic
acids from gels
• Removal of CsCl, agarose,
pyridoxal-5-phosphate
• Removal of silicates after
chromatography
• Complex carbohydrate purification
• On-Line concentration, on-line
dialysis, dynamic dialysis
• Serum protein binding
• Protein, receptor, and ligand binding
assays
• Protein-drug binding assays
• Protein-protein interations
• Protein-DNA interactions
Molecular Biology
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N25

DIALYZERS
DIALYZER (Reusable)
How to Use:
DIALYZERS
Step 1
Place the sample in
the sample chamber
of the DIALYZER
Advantages:
Applications:
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
• Easy to use
• Reusable
• Autoclaveable
• Available for wide range of
sample sizes - 10 μl to 5 ml
• High sample recovery
• Rapid dialysis/purification
• Made of Teflon -
totally inert
• Low protein binding
• Membranes available with
MWCO’s to suit almost
any application
• Leak-proof
• Purification of
biomolecules
• Exchange of buffers
• Removal of detergents
• Sample concentration
• HPLC, HPCE
• Removal of excess
radiolabel
• Post-PCR clean-up
• GC, GC-MS, NMR
The DIALYZER is a simple single-sided device for dialysis of biological
samples. A broad range of DIALYZER sizes are available to accommodate
sample volumes ranging from as little as 10 μl up to 5 ml. Pre-cut
dialysis membranes are available for the DIALYZER with Molecular
Weight Cut-Off ranges from 100 to 300,000 Daltons. The entire unit is
constructed of Teflon, a virtually unreactive material, which will not
interfere with your valuable samples. Once assembled a Teflon-Teflon
seal ensures that the DIALYZER is 100% leak-proof. The DIALYZER is
ideal for the simple dialysis of salts, for the exchange of buffers, and for
the concentration of samples. Includes chamber with cap.
Step 2
Step 3
Choose a suitable
membrane and clamp
into place with the
DIALYZER cap
Place the entire unit
into a large beaker
of dialysis buffer.
Dialysis time is 3 hours
to overnight depending
upon sample and
buffer chemistry,
temperature and
volume.
DIALYZERS: Ordering Information
Chamber
Volume (μl) Qty. of 1 $ Qty. of 5 $
10 BS4 74-0210 BS4 74-0200
20 BS4 74-0211 BS4 74-0201
50 BS4 74-0212 BS4 74-0202
100 BS4 74-0213 BS4 74-0203
200 BS4 74-0214 BS4 74-0204
500 BS4 74-0215 BS4 74-0205
1000 BS4 74-0216 BS4 74-0206
1500 BS4 74-0217 BS4 74-0207
3000 BS4 74-0218 BS4 74-0208
5000 BS4 74-0219 BS4 74-0209
Key
Desired Component
Contaminants
Dialysis Buffer
Membrane
For Membrane ordering
information, see page N44.
The membrane ordering information is color coded to
assist you in selecting the appropriate membrane:
Pink shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes up to 200 μl
Purple shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 250 μl to 1,500 μl
Green shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 3,000 μl to 5,000 μl
N26
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

DIALYZERS
Fast DIALYZER (Reusable)
The Fast DIALYZER boasts all the features of the original DIALYZER
plus an additional dialysis port. The Fast double-sided DIALYZER thus
has two dialysis membranes, one on either side of the sample chamber.
The increased membrane surface area results in greater sample
exposure and an enhanced rate of dialysis. The Fast DIALYZER
includes chamber and two caps.
Advantages:
• Twice as quick
• Reusable
• Available for most sample
sizes - large or small
• Membranes available
with MWCO’s
to suit almost any
application
• Easy to use
• Leak-proof
• Autoclaveable
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Rapid dialysis/purification
• Made of Teflon -
totally inert
Applications:
• Exchange of buffers
• Removal of detergents
• Concentration of samples
• HPLC, HPCE
• Immunoblotting*
• Purification of proteins,
DNA and RNA
• Removal of excess
radiolabel
• Post-PCR clean-up
• GC, GC-MS, NMR
• Removal of CsCl, agarose,
pyridoxal-5-phosphate*
• Removal of silicates after
chromatography*
• Complex carbohydrate
purification*
• Equilibrium dialysis
• Protein binding assays
* When used in conjunction with
the Harvard Apparatus ElectroPrep
system.
The Fast DIALYZER is also suited for a wide spectrum of additional
applications including:
• Electro-Elution
• Elution of Proteins and Nucleic Acids from Gels
• Electro-Concentration
• Electro-Dialysis, see page N29
Fast DIALYZERS: Ordering Information
Chamber
Volume (μl) Qty. of 1 $ Qty. of 5 $
50 BS4 74-0408 BS4 74-0400
100 BS4 74-0409 BS4 74-0401
200 BS4 74-0410 BS4 74-0402
500 BS4 74-0411 BS4 74-0403
1000 BS4 74-0412 BS4 74-0404
1500 BS4 74-0413 BS4 74-0405
3000 BS4 74-0414 BS4 74-0406
5000 BS4 74-0415 BS4 74-0407
The membrane ordering information is color coded to
assist you in selecting the appropriate membrane:
Molecular Biology
Pink shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes up to 200 μl
Purple shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 250 μl to 1,500 μl
Green shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 3,000 μl to 5,000 μl
For Membrane ordering information,
see page N44.
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N27

DIALYZERS
SpinDIALYZER and Fast SpinDIALYZER (Reusable)
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
SpinDIALYZER
The SpinDIALYZER is our high-quality DIALYZER with a magnetic
feature incorporated internally and does not require an external stir
bar. This enables the entire SpinDIALYZER unit to be rotated during
dialysis using a magnetic stir plate (Catalog No. BS4 72-1975).
The constant motion of the sample results in dialysis times that are 50
to 100% faster than with the Dialyzer. SpinDIALYZER includes
chamber plus cap.
Fast SpinDIALYZER
The Fast SpinDIALYZER is our high-quality Fast DIALYZER with a
magnetic feature incorporated internally. This enables the entire Fast
SpinDIALYZER unit to be rotated during dialysis using a magnetic stir
plate (Catalog No. BS4 72-1975). The constant motion of the
sample results in dialysis times that are 50 to 100% faster than with
the Fast DIALYZER. As with the Fast DIALYZER, the Fast SpinDIALYZER
has two dialysis ports and includes chamber plus two caps.
Advantages:
• Faster dialysis times due
to an internal magnet
• Reusable
• Available for most sample
sizes- large or small
• Membranes available
with MWCO’s to suit
almost any application
• Easy to use
• Leak-proof
• Autoclaveable
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Rapid dialysis/purification
• Made of Teflon -
totally inert
Applications:
• Exchange of buffers
• Removal of detergents
• Concentration of samples
• HPLC, HPCE
• Immunoblotting*
• Purification of proteins,
DNA and RNA
• Removal of excess
radiolabel
• GC, GC-MS, NMR
• Removal of CsCl, agarose,
pyridoxal-5-phosphate*
• Removal of silicates after
Chromatography*
• Complex carbohydrate
purification*
* When used in conjunction with
the Harvard Apparatus
ElectroPrep system.
SpinDIALYZERS and Fast SpinDIALYZERS: Ordering Information
Chamber SpinDIALYZER Fast SpinDIALYZER
Volume (μl) Qty. of 1 Qty. of 5 Qty. of 1 Qty. of 5
10 BS4 74-0308 BS4 74-0300 – –
$
20 BS4 74-0309 BS4 74-0301 – –
$
50 BS4 74-0310 BS4 74-0302 BS4 74-0506 BS4 74-0500
$
100 BS4 74-0311 BS4 74-0303 BS4 74-0507 BS4 74-0501
$
200 BS4 74-0312 BS4 74-0304 BS4 74-0508 BS4 74-0502
$
500 BS4 74-0313 BS4 74-0305 BS4 74-0509 BS4 74-0503
$
1000 BS4 74-0314 BS4 74-0306 BS4 74-0510 BS4 74-0504
$
1500 BS4 74-0315 BS4 74-0307 BS4 74-0511 BS4 74-0505
$
The membrane ordering information on page N44 is color
coded to assist you in selecting the appropriate membrane:
Pink shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes up to 200 μl
Purple shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 250 μl to 1,500 μl
Green shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 3,000 μl to 5,000 μl
N28
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

DIALYZERS
ElectroPrep
Advantages
• Faster dialysis times due to
movement of charged molecules
in the electric field
• Re-usable
• Available for most sample sizes -
large or small
• Membranes available with MWCO’s
to suit almost any application
• Easy to use
• Leak proof
• Autoclaveable
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Made of Teflon - totally inert
ElectroPrep (BS4 74-1101) with Multiple Link-Chambers (sold separately)
The ElectroPrep system from Harvard Apparatus is an extremely versatile patented sample
prep technology based on (2D) electrophoresis/dialysis. This ElectroPrep system is ideal for
the rapid purification of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and other biomolecules.
With a run-time of 5 to 10 minutes, ElectroPrep provides speed and convenience, even at the
very low currents (5 to 10 mA) used with this system. The sample chambers are made of
Teflon, a completely inert material especially suited for high sample recovery. Membranes of
different MWCO (molecular weight cut off), from 100 to 300,000 Daltons, can be used for
selective elution, filtration, dialysis, fractionation and concentration. Fast DIALYZER can be
joined with multiple link chambers in different combinations (see pages N30 and N31) and
membranes (see page N44).
As shown above, multiple link chambers can be joined together with membranes of different
MWCOs placed between them for highly selective electro-filtration and separation.
Applications
• Electro-elution from gels
and solutions
• Electro-dialysis (with an average
buffer exchange time of 5 to
10 minutes)
• On-line electro-dialysis
• Electro-concentration
• Selective electro-filtration
• Size fractionation
• Primer removal
• Salt removal
• Detergent removal
• Dye-Terminator removal
• See some examples on the
following pages
Molecular Biology
* see page N44 for membrane selection and ordering information.
Key
Link-Chamber
Fast Dialyzer
Membrane
Teflon Cap
For Membrane ordering
information, see page N44.
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N29

DIALYZERS
ElectroPrep
Electro-Elution of DNA, Proteins or other Biomolecules
from Gel Pieces
Using the ElectroPrep system in the illustrated configuration, elution
of DNA, proteins, or any other biomolecules from a gel slice/plug can
be achieved quickly and easily with excellent recovery. Chambers can
be joined in any combination necessary to accommodate the
required gel volume. Samples can be concentrated if desired, by
choosing a receiving chamber of suitable volume. The MWCO
(molecular weight cut off) of the membranes (a and b) can also be
chosen to achieve very selective filtration
or size fractionation during the electroelution
Key
process.
Teflon Chamber
Teflon Cap
Membrane
– +
c
b
a
1
2
Electro-Elution of DNA, Proteins or other Biomolecules from Gel Pieces
Union
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
Selective Electro-Filtration/Concentration/Separation
Based on Different Charges on Biomolecules
In this configuration of the ElectroPrep, the sample is placed in a
sample compartment between two membranes (b), both of which
should have a MWCO larger than the desired biomolecules.
Membranes (a) and (c) should have MWCOs smaller than the biomolecules.
Based on their charges, the biomolecules will move to
either chamber (1) or chamber (2).
Biomolecules with unknown isoelectric
Key
points can also be separated and purified
using this method.
Teflon Chamber
Teflon Cap
Membrane
Union
Electrodialysis through Simultaneous Exchange
of Buffers
A sample is placed in the sample compartment between membranes
(a) and (b), both of which have MWCOs lower than the molecular
weight of the desired biomolecules. The sample is dialyzed through the
simultaneous exchange of buffers in the electric field. This method is
very fast and very effective. For example, after a PCR reaction, it can be
used to rapidly (5 to 10 minutes) remove
100% of the primer. Electrodialysis is also
effective for desalting neutral molecules
Key
that do not move in an electric field (such
Teflon Chamber
as sugars) or charged molecules at their
isoelectric point.
Teflon Cap
Membrane
Gel
– +
c
Selective Electro-Filtration/Concentration/Separation Based on Different
Charges on Biomolecules
– +
Electrodialysis through Simultaneous Exchange of Buffers
b
1
b
b
a
2
a
N30
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

DIALYZERS
ElectroPrep
– +
Rapid and Selective Electro-Filtration/Concentration
1
Fast DIALYZERS
The ElectroPrep must use at least one Fast DIALYZER (range of 50 μl
to 1,500 μl volume). The joining of multiple Fast DIALYZER units
requires a union of the appropriate size. Link Chambers can be easily
attached to Fast DIALYZER.
Fast DIALYZERS
Chamber Volume (μl) Qty. of 1 $ Qty. of 5 $
50 BS4 74-0408 BS4 74-0400
100 BS4 74-0409 BS4 74-0401
200 BS4 74-0410 BS4 74-0402
500 BS4 74-0411 BS4 74-0403
1000 BS4 74-0412 BS4 74-0404
1500 BS4 74-0413 BS4 74-0405
Link-Chambers
Link-Chambers can be joined together in different combinations
without the need for a union. The 25 μl, 50 μl, and 100 μl can be
joined together and the 250 μl can be joined to the 500 μl size. A
union (BS4 74-0102) can be used to join a 25, 50 or 100 μl chamber
to a 250 or 500 μl chamber.
b
a
2
Key Rapid and Selective
Electro-Filtration/
Teflon Chamber
Concentration
Teflon Cap
The sample is placed in the sample compartment
comprised of a chamber (1)
Membrane
and the union. The MWCO of membrane
Union
(b) should be larger than the molecular
weight of the biomolecules and the
MWCO of membrane (a) should be smaller. Upon the passage of
electric current, the biomolecules will pass through membrane (b)
and collect in chamber (2) while smaller molecules will pass
through membrane (a). This is a fast and effective method for the
concentration of small samples and for selective filtration.
Catalog No. $ Description
BS4 74-1101 424.00 ElectroPrep Tank, 4 x 8 x 3 in
BS4 68-0609 458.00 Power Supply, mini 25-200 V, 100 mAmp
Unions and Other Accesories
Catalog No. $ Description
BS4 74-0100 38.00 Union which Joins Two Chambers with Volumes
from 10 to 200 μl (volume = 350 μl)
BS4 74-1105 38.00 Union which Joins Two Chambers with Volumes
from 500 to 1,500 μl (volume = 2500 μl)
BS4 74-0102 38.00 Union which Joins a 10 to 200 μl Chamber to a
500 to 1,500 μl Chamber (volume = 1500 μl)
BS4 74-1112 67.00 Mini Vacuum Dessicator for Sample Concentration,
see page N36
Molecular Biology
Link Chambers
Chamber Volume (μl) Qty. of 1 $ Qty. of 5 $
25 BS4 74-1619 BS4 74-1620
50 BS4 74-1611 BS4 74-1615
100 BS4 74-1612 BS4 74-1616
250 BS4 74-1613 BS4 74-1617
500 BS4 74-1614 BS4 74-1618
For Membrane ordering information,
see page N44.
The membrane ordering information is color coded to
assist you in selecting the appropriate membrane:
Pink shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes up to 200 μl
Purple shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 250 μl to 1,500 μl
Green shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 3,000 μl to 5,000 μl
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N31

DIALYZERS
Flow-Thru Fast DIALYZER (Reusable)
Advantages
• Rapid sample preparation
• Minimal sample loss
• Inert sample and concentration
chambers (made of Teflon)
Flow-Thru Fast DIALYZER
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
The Flow-Thru Fast DIALYZER is a new and unique • Electro-elution
product that is ideal for electro-elution, electro-dialysis, • Electro-dialysis
electro-concentration and electro-filtration of larger sample • Electro-concentration
volumes (from 50 μl to 1 ml or more) and for protein
• Electro-filtration
crystalization when used with ElectroPrep, see page N29.
The Flow-Thru Fast DIALYZER has an inlet and an outlet providing
a flow-through system, which facilitates the continuous
• Protein crystallization
movement of the sample. Sample collection can be monitored through the use of an on-line detector, such as a
photometer, conductivity meter or any other suitable equipment readily available in the laboratory. The Flow-Thru
Fast DIALYZER can also be hooked to an HPLC sample loop for concentration of biological samples.
As shown in Figure 1, the sample from the sample reservoir (1) is pumped in continuous circulation through
the sample chamber. The MWCO of membrane (a) is smaller than the molecular weight of the desired
biomolecules. The MCWO membrane (b) is larger than the molecular weight of the desired biomolecules.
The desired biomolecules will be collected in the concentration chamber (2) since membrane (c) also has a
MWCO smaller than the desired biomolecules.
The setup in Figure 2 is similar. The sample from the sample reservoir (1) is pumped in continuous circulation
through the sample chamber. In this instance, however, the concentration chamber (2) is also connected to a
continuous on-line system with a sample detector such as an HPLC system. Therefore, the sample collected in
the concentration chamber can be periodically measured and analyzed. Flow-Thru Fast DIALYZER includes
chamber, two caps and two fittings.
Teflon Chamber
Teflon Cap
Membrane
Union
Port
Key
Applications
Flow-Thru Fast DIALYZERS: Ordering Information
Chamber Volume (μl) Qty. of 1 $ Qty. of 5 $
50 BS4 74-1204 BS4 74-1200
100 BS4 74-1205 BS4 74-1201
500 BS4 74-1206 BS4 74-1202
1000 BS4 74-1207 BS4 74-1203
For Membrane
ordering information,
see page N44.
– +
Sample
Reservoir
Pump
Figure 1 Figure 2
– +
Sample
Reservoir
Pump
Detector
or HPLC
Sample Loop
Pump
1
a
b
2
c
a
b
1
c
2
N32
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

DIALYZERS
Flow-Thru DIALYZER (Reusable)
Flow-Thru DIALYZER
Dialysis
Buffer In
Dialysis
Buffer Out
Dialysis
Buffer
Chamber
Membrane
(1.2 in x 3.2 in)
Advantages:
Sample
Chamber
• Ultra fast dialysis times are possible
due to large membrane surface area
• Automation ready
• Suitable for wide sample volume
range
• Inert Teflon dialysis chamber –
minimal sample loss
• Suitable for constant temperature
dialysis
Sample
Solution In
Sample
Solution Out
Key
Desired Component
Contaminants
Dialysis Buffer
Membrane
Applications:
• Dialysis
• Buffer exchange
• Salt removal
• Detergent removal
• Equilibrium dialysis
• On-line dialysis for HPLC
• On-line sample concentration
• And more…
The Flow-Thru DIALYZER is a unique system for
the rapid dialysis of sample volumes from 20 μl
to 100 ml. It provides a large surface area for
Flow-Thru on-line dialysis with minimal sample
loss. The entire dialysis unit is made of Teflon,
an inert material, and has two separate serpentine
channels superimposed on each other and
separated by a dialysis membrane. The length
of each channel is about 700 mm. Five different
chambers are available (20 μl, 75 μl, 150 μl,
300 μl and 600 μl). Chambers of different volumes
can also be superimposed on each other
for specific applications.
With the Flow-Thru DIALYZER more than 90%
of salts or small molecules can be dialyzed
from a sample in one cycle (about 10 minutes).
Cycles can be repeated automatically
through the use of continuous flow systems and
the entire dialysis unit can be submerged in a
water bath for constant temperature dialysis.
Catalog No. $ Description
BS4 74-1300 541.00 Flow-Thru DIALYZER of two 300 μl Chambers with Fittings, clamping system, 10
Membranes with MWCO of 10K, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-1301 1,584.00 Flow-Thru DIALYZER of two 300 μl Chambers with Fittings, clamping system, 10
Membranes with MWCO of 10K, Pump Drive with Two Pump Heads and
Tubings, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-1400 541.00 Flow-Thru DIALYZER Chamber 20 μl Teflon, pkg. of 2
BS4 74-1401 432.00 Flow-Thru DIALYZER Chamber 75 μl Teflon, pkg. of 2
BS4 74-1402 432.00 Flow-Thru DIALYZER Chamber 150 μl Teflon, pkg. of 2
BS4 74-1403 432.00 Flow-Thru DIALYZER Chamber 300 μl Teflon, pkg. of 2
BS4 74-1404 432.00 Flow-Thru DIALYZER Chamber 600 μl Teflon, pkg. of 2
Cellulose Acetate Membranes for Flow-Thru DIALYZER
BS4 74-1508 77.00 Membranes MWCO 100 Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1500 77.00 Membranes MWCO 500 Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1501 77.00 Membranes MWCO 1K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1502 77.00 Membranes MWCO 2K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1503 77.00 Membranes MWCO 5K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1504 77.00 Membranes MWCO 10K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1505 77.00 Membranes MWCO 25K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1506 77.00 Membranes MWCO 50K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1507 77.00 Membranes MWCO 100K Daltons, pkg. of 10
Regenerated Cellulose Membranes for Flow-Thru DIALYZER
BS4 74-1510 82.00 Membranes MWCO 1K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1511 82.00 Membranes MWCO 2K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1512 82.00 Membranes MWCO 5K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1513 82.00 Membranes MWCO 10K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1514 82.00 Membranes MWCO 25K Daltons, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1515 82.00 Membranes MWCO 50K Daltons, pkg. of 10
Polycarbonate Membranes for Flow-Thru DIALYZER
BS4 74-1520 90.00 Membranes 0.01 μm pore size, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1521 90.00 Membranes 0.05 μm pore size, pkg. of 10
BS4 74-1522 90.00 Membranes 0.60 μm pore size, pkg. of 10
Molecular Biology
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N33

DIALYZERS
Ultra-Micro DispoDIALYZER - Samples from 1 μl to 5 μl (Single use)
Advantages:
• Micro-volume dialysis
• Economical
• Easy to use
• Leak-proof
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Rapid dialysis/purification
How to Use:
Ultra-Micro DispoDIALYZER
Step 1
Place sample
into the
DispoDIALYZER
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
The 1 μl to 5 μl Ultra-Micro DispoDIALYZER
is a unique disposable DIALYZER for the dialysis
of very small samples. The entire dialysis
unit installed with different MWCO membranes
(0.025 cm 2 surface area) is small
enough so that dialysis can be carried out in
a microcentrifuge tube. Sample recovery is
quick and easy with almost 100% of the sample
recovered after only a short centrifugation
step. Ultra-Micro DispoDIALYZER
includes two 1.5 ml capped microcentrifuge
collection tubes.
Ultra-Micro DispoDIALYZERS: Ordering Information
Applications:
• Exchange of buffers
• Removal of detergents
• Concentration of samples
• HPLC, HPCE
• Purification of proteins,
DNA and RNA
• Removal of excess radiolabel or
PCR-primers
• GC, GC-MS, NMR
Membrane MWCO
(Daltons) Qty. of 25 $ Qty. of 50 $ Qty. of 100 $
100 BS4 74-0603 104.00 BS4 74-0604 164.00 BS4 74-0605 301.00
500 BS4 74-0606 BS4 74-0607 BS4 74-0608
1,000 BS4 74-0609 104.00 BS4 74-0610 164.00 BS4 74-0611 301.00
2,000 BS4 74-0612 BS4 74-0613 BS4 74-0614
5,000 BS4 74-0615 104.00 BS4 74-0616 164.00 BS4 74-0617 301.00
10,000 BS4 74-0602 BS4 74-0600 BS4 74-0601
Step 2
Step 3
Done!
Place the
DispoDIALYZER
into a microcentrifuge
tube containing
dialysis
buffer
Place the
DispoDIALYZER
inverted into a
new tube and
centrifuge for 1
minute at low
speed
25,000 BS4 74-0618 104.00 BS4 74-0619 164.00 BS4 74-0620 301.00
50,000 BS4 74-0621 BS4 74-0622 BS4 74-0623
Key
Desired Component
Contaminants
Dialysis Buffer
Membrane
N34
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

DIALYZERS
Micro DispoDIALYZER - Samples from 5 μl to 100 μl (Single use)
Advantages:
• Economical
• Hassle-free
• Available for small sample sizes
• Membranes available with
MWCO’s to suit almost any
application
• Easy to use
• Leak-proof
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Rapid dialysis/purification
Applications:
• Exchange of buffers
• Removal of detergents
• Concentration of samples
• HPLC, HPCE
• Purification of proteins,
DNA and RNA
• Removal of excess radiolabel or
PCR-primers
• GC, GC-MS, NMR
The Micro DispoDIALYZER is a unique
disposable DIALYZER for the dialysis of small
sample volumes from 5 μl to 100 μl. Sample
recovery is quick and easy using the Micro
DispoDIALYZER, almost 100% of the sample
is recovered after a short centrifugation step.
The Micro DispoDIALYZER includes installed
membrane of different MWCO, foam float,
cap and two collection tubes (1.5 ml).
How to Use:
Micro DispoDIALYZER
The sample is placed in the sample
chamber as shown in the diagram
below. It is separated from the
dialysis buffer by the membrane.
Micro DispoDIALYZERS: Ordering Information
Membrane MWCO
(Daltons) Qty. of 25 $ Qty. of 50 $ Qty. of 100 $
100 BS4 74-0714 104.00 BS4 74-0700 164.00 BS4 74-0701 301.00
500 BS4 74-0721 BS4 74-0722 BS4 74-0723
1,000 BS4 74-0715 104.00 BS4 74-0702 164.00 BS4 74-0703 301.00
2,000 BS4 74-0716 BS4 74-0704 BS4 74-0705
5,000 BS4 74-0717 104.00 BS4 74-0706 164.00 BS4 74-0707 301.00
10,000 BS4 74-0718 BS4 74-0708 BS4 74-0709
25,000 BS4 74-0719 104.00 BS4 74-0710 164.00 BS4 74-0711 301.00
50,000 BS4 74-0720 BS4 74-0712 BS4 74-0713
The entire unit is placed in a beaker and
floats vertically due to the flotation ring
attached to the unit. Stirring the dialysis
buffer results in faster dialysis times.
Simply invert the DispoDIALYZER in
a microcentrifuge tube and centrifuge
briefly to recover the sample.
Molecular Biology
Step 1
Step 2
Done!
Key
Desired Component
Contaminants
Dialysis Buffer
Membrane
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N35

DIALYZERS
Macro Fast DispoDIALYZER
Samples from 1 ml to 10 ml (Single use)
Dialysis Accessories
Concentrator
BS4 74-1112
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
Advantages:
• Macro-volume dialysis
• Economical
• Easy to use
• Leak-proof
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Rapid dialysis/purification
Applications:
• Exchange of buffers
• Removal of detergents
• Concentration of samples
• HPLC, HPCE
• Purification of proteins,
DNA and RNA
• Removal of excess radiolabel
or PCR-primers
• GC, GC-MS, NMR
Macro Fast DispoDIALYZER
The Macro Fast DispoDIALYZER
is also available for larger samples.
This unit is available with
5,000 or 10,000 Dalton regenerated
cellulose membranes. The
other basic features of this unit
are the same as those of the smaller volume DispoDIALYZERS
described earlier. The Macro Fast DispoDIALYZER includes shell, two
rings and two membranes of MWCO 5KDa or 10KDa (4.5cm 2 surface
area each). Assembly required.
Concentrator
Sample concentration is easy with the Harvard Apparatus
Concentrator. Simply place any Dialyzer, complete with membrane,
into the Harvard Apparatus Concentrator. The liquid is evaporated
through the membrane and removed by the concentrator. When concentration
is complete simply puncture the membrane and remove
your sample. This technique is superior to other concentration methods,
such as centrifugation, in which the sample may stick to the
membrane surface or burst through the membrane.
Catalog No. $ Description
BS4 74-1112 67.00 Concentrator, pkg. of 1
Membrane Minder
BS4 74-0109
Macro Fast DispoDIALYZERS: Ordering Information
Membrane MWCO (Daltons)
Qty. 5,000 $ 10,000 $
25 BS4 74-0803 142.00 BS4 74-0802 142.00
50 BS4 74-0804 BS4 74-0800
100 BS4 74-0805 492.00 BS4 74-0801 492.00
For Microcentrifuges, see pages N95 to N103.
Membrane Minder
The Membrane Minder is an ingenious device designed for the safe
and easy movement and manipulation of delicate membranes.
The Membrane Minder is also ideal for use with filters, gel pieces,
small tissue samples and other small parts. The Membrane Minder
utilizes a vacuum to gently manipulate small objects at the push of a
button. A range of suction cups and vacuum needles are supplied
with the Membrane Minder to ensure the right tool is available,
whatever the application.
Catalog No. $ Description
BS4 74-0109 218.00 Membrane Minder, pkg. of 1
N36
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

DIALYZERS
96-Well DispoDIALYZER - Samples from 25 μl to 300 μl (Single use)
How to Use:
96-Well DispoDIALYZER
The
96-Well
DispoDIALYZER
Advantages:
• High recovery (> 95%)
Place the sample
into the wells of
the 96-Well
DispoDIALYZER
and assemble
strip caps
• 96-well high-throughput format
• Individual membranes means no crosscontamination
between wells
• High well to well reproducibility
• Range of possible sample volumes:
25 μl to 300 μl
• Range of membrane MWCO’s
available: 1K, 2K, 5K, 10K, and 25K Daltons
Float the
entire plate in
dialysis buffer
• High quality regenerated cellulose membranes
• Membranes are free from sulphur and heavy
metal contamination
Applications:
• Salt removal
• Buffer exchange
• Parallel sample prep after fraction collection
• Oligonucleotide purification
• Detergent removal
• HPLC
• HPLC-MS
• And more…
96-Well DispoDIALYZERS:
Ordering Information
Membrane MWCO
Catalog No. $ (Daltons)
BS4 74-0900 311.00 1,000
BS4 74-0901 2,000
BS4 74-0902 311.00 5,000
Retrieve the
purified samples
for downstream
applications
Key
Desired Component
Contaminants
Dialysis Buffer
Membrane
Molecular Biology
The 96-Well DispoDIALYZER is a novel product for the
simultaneous preparation of 96 samples. Each well in this
system has a separate membrane, thus eliminating the
possibility of sample contamination and leakage.
The 96-Well DispoDIALYZER provides very high
reproducibility among different wells and sample recovery
is excellent. Wells are sealed with twelve 8-cap strips
(included).
BS4 74-0903 10,000
BS4 74-0904 311.00 25,000
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N37

Equilibrium Dialysis
Introduction to Equilibrium Dialysis
How Does Equilibrium Dialysis Work
Non-Binding Ligand
Binding Ligand
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
If the ligand and protein do not bind to each other the ligand is free
to cross the membrane. At equilibrium, the concentration of the
ligand in the assay chamber will be exactly half that initially placed in
the sample chamber.
Protein
Applications:
• Protein-drug binding
assays
• Receptor binding assays
• Ligand binding assays
• Protein-protein
interactions
• Protein-DNA
interactions
• Serum protein binding
Protein-Ligand Complex
Equilibrium dialysis is a specific
application of dialysis that is
important for the study of the
binding of small molecules and
ions by proteins. It is one of several
methods available for this
purpose, and its attractive feature
continues to be its physical
simplicity. Another attractive feature
of equilibrium dialysis is the
ability to perform interaction
studies without the use of fluorescent
or radiolabeled tags.
Generally, the objective of an equilibrium dialysis experiment is to
measure the amount of a ligand bound to a macromolecule. This is
typically done through an indirect process because in any mixture of
the ligand and macromolecule, it is difficult to distinguish between
the bound and free ligand. If, however, the free ligand can be
dialyzed through a membrane, until its concentration across the
membrane is at equilibrium, the free ligand concentration can be
measured easily. Data obtained under different experimental
conditions then provides information on various binding parameters
of the compounds such as the binding constants and the number of
binding sites or binding capacity.
If the ligand and protein form a complex, the bound ligand will be
unable to diffuse across the membrane and will remain in the sample
chamber. The concentration of the ligand will still be equivalent on
either side of the membrane upon reaching equilibrium. In this case,
however, the ligand concentration in the assay chamber is reduced by
the total amount of ligand bound to the protein divided by two.
Unbound Ligand
Unbound Ligand
Harvard Apparatus offers five types of Equilibrium DIALYZERS .
These products can meet virtually all of your bind-interaction application
requirements:
Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZER - Reusable
For simultaneous and highly reproducible equilibrium dialysis of up
to 20 samples with volumes from 0.25 to 5 ml, see page N39.
Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER - Reusable
The Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER is available as 2- or 3-chamber
systems. It is used to study interactions between biomolecules such as
the binding of a ligand to a protein. For sample volumes from 25 μl
to 500 μl, see page N40.
Fast Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER - Reusable
A reusable Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER suitable for 25 μl samples
for quicker equilibration times using membranes with larger surface
areas, see page N41.
DispoEquilibrium DIALYZER - Single Use
A disposable version of the Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER suitable for
samples from 25 to 75 μl, see page N41.
96-Well Equilibrium DIALYZER - Single Use
A 96-well disposable equilibrium DIALYZER for high throughput
interaction studies. For samples up to 50 μl to 200 μl, see page N42.
Contact Harvard Apparatus to receive a free
copy of our ‘Guide to Equilibrium Dialysis’.
N38
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

Equilibrium Dialysis
Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZER - Samples from 0.25 ml to 5 ml (Reusable)
Advantages:
• Easy to use
• Leak-proof
• Reproducible
• Fast dialysis times
• Available for a range of
sample sizes
• Up to 20 parallel, simultaneous
assays
• Autoclavable
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Made of Teflon – totally
inert
Applications:
• Protein binding assays
• Protein-drug binding
assays
• Receptor binding
assays
• Ligand binding assays
• Protein-protein
interations
• Protein-DNA
interactions
Emptying Stopper
Catalog No. $ Description
Plug
Multi-Equlibrium DIALYZER Systems
BS4 74-1800 8,044.00 Complete Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZER System
• Ready-to-Use Teflon Macro Dialysis Cells
(1 ml) with Large Surface Area and plugs,
pkg. of 20
• Variable Speed Drive Unit (12 x 12 x 7.5 in)
for 20 Cells, and 110V power supply, pkg. of 1
• Stand, pkg. of 1
• Filling Clamp, pkg. of 1
• Carriers for 5 Teflon Dialysis Cells, pkg. of 4
• Emptying Stoppers, pkg. of 20
• Macro Spacers, pkg. of 24
• Dialysis Membranes, MWCO 10,000 Daltons,
pkg. of 200
• Power Supply Adapter (110 V)
Membranes for Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZER
BS4 74-2100 191.00 MWCO 5,000 Daltons, pkg. of 200
BS4 74-2102 213.00 MWCO 10,000 Daltons, pkg. of 200
Cell
The Harvard Apparatus Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZER provides highly
standardized equilibrium dialysis conditions for up to 20 parallel
assays. The instrument offers outstanding uniformity of: membrane
area, sample volume, degree of agitation.
The advantages of this system are that up to 20 cells can be used
simultaneously for rapid dialysis under standardized conditions.
Experiments conducted using the Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZER are
extremely reproducible and leak-proof and can be performed at a
constant temperature.
The DIALYZER cells are made of Teflon, an extremely inert material,
and will not interfere with the samples. Multiple cell systems are
available (5, 10, 15, 20 cells) at various cell volumes (0.2, 1.0, 2.0
and 5.0 ml). The unit can be sterilized by autoclaving and the cells
can be filled easily with a filling clamp. Custom systems with alternate
chamber sizes, membranes and power supply are available.
Catalog No. $ Description
Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZER Individual Components
BS4 74-1903 1,256.00 Macro Teflon Dialysis Cells (1 ml) , pkg. of 5
BS4 74-1904 1,256.00 Macro Teflon Dialysis Cells (2 ml), pkg. of 5
BS4 74-1905 1,256.00 Macro Teflon Dialysis Cells (5 ml), pkg. of 5
BS4 74-1906 1,256.00 Macro Teflon Dialysis Cells, Large Surface Area
(1 ml), pkg. of 5
BS4 74-1909 55.00 Macro Spacer, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-1911 546.00 Macro Cell Carrier, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-1907 1,256.00 Micro Teflon Dialysis Cells (0.25 ml), pkg. of 5
BS4 74-1908 82.00 Micro Spacer, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-1910 825.00 Micro Cell Carrier, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-1912 166.00 Power Supply Adapter (110 V)
BS4 74-1912A 166.00 Power Supply Adapter (220 V)
BS4 74-1913 281.00 Filling Clamp, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-1914 166.00 Black Stoppers, pkg. of 32
BS4 74-1901 94.00 Emptying Stoppers, pkg. of 5
BS4 74-1919 213.00 Tank with Fittings (14.5 x 9.5 x 8.25 in), pkg. of 1
Molecular Biology
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N39

Equilibrium Dialysis
MicroEquilibrium DIALYZER - Samples from 25 μl to 500 μl (Reusable)
Two-chamber
DIALYZER
unassembled
2-Chamber System
Two-chamber DIALYZER
assembled
3-Chamber System
Advantages:
• Easy to use
• Leak-proof
• Reusable
• Available for a range of sample sizes
• Membranes available with MWCO’s
to suit almost any application
• Autoclaveable
• Low protein binding
• High sample recovery
• Made of Teflon – totally inert
Applications:
• Protein binding assays
• Protein-drug binding assays
• Receptor binding assays
• Ligand binding assays
• Protein-protein interations
• Protein-DNA interactions
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
Key
Membrane
The binding and ligand elements are placed in one
chamber (the sample chamber) while the other
chamber (the assay chamber) contains an equivalent
volume of the same buffer without either element.
When equilibrium has been reached the
concentration of the ligand in the assay chamber
can be measured and analyzed to obtain the
results of the assay.
When the ligand is free in solution it can readily
pass through the membrane, but when complexed,
it is too large and is retained by the membrane.
For additional Membrane
ordering information,
see pages N43 to N44.
The Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER is a unique equilibrium dialysis chamber for small samples
(25 to 500 μl). Two chambers of equivalent volume are joined together with a membrane between
them, as shown. When dialysis is complete the chambers can be opened at each end to extract the
sample for analysis. The entire system can also be placed in a thermostat for temperature-controlled
dialysis. Includes two chambers (body plus link) and two solid caps.
The Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZER can also be used with three chambers instead of two by adding
an additional link chamber. One of the main advantages of using this configuration is that the results
can be obtained without waiting for equilibrium to be reached, thus reducing the assay time.
This is achieved by placing the assay compound in the central chamber; the binding component in
one of the terminal chambers and control buffer, containing neither component, in the remaining
chamber. Comparing the concentration of the assay compound in the two terminal chambers will
then yield information on the binding characteristics of the assay components.
Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZERS
Volume per Total
Chamber (μl) Volume (μl) Qty. of 1 $ Qty. of 5 $
2-Chamber System
25 50 BS4 74-1606 BS4 74-1600
50 100 BS4 74-1607 BS4 74-1601
100 200 BS4 74-1608 BS4 74-1602
250 500 BS4 74-1609 BS4 74-1603
500 1,000 BS4 74-1610 BS4 74-1604
Additional Chambers for 3-Chamber System (to add to the 2-chamber system)
25 – BS4 74-1619 BS4 74-1620
50 – BS4 74-1611 BS4 74-1615
100 – BS4 74-1612 BS4 74-1616
250 – BS4 74-1613 BS4 74-1617
500 – BS4 74-1614 BS4 74-1618
N40
Membrane ordering information is
color coded to assist you in selecting
the appropriate membrane:
Pink shaded membranes are for products
with sample sizes up to 200 μl
Purple shaded membranes are for products with
sample sizes ranging from 250 μl to 1,500 μl
Green shaded membranes are for products with
sample sizes ranging from 3,000 μl to 5,000 μl
Ultra-Thin Membranes for Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZERS
Membrane
MWCO (Daltons) Qty. of 24 $ Qty. of 96 $
For Use with 25 μl, 50 μl and 100 μl Volume Chambers
5,000 BS4 74-1704 BS4 74-1700
10,000 BS4 74-1705 BS4 74-1701
For Use with 250 μl and 500 μl Volume Chambers
5,000 BS4 74-1706 BS4 74-1702
10,000 BS4 74-1707 BS4 74-1703
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

NEW
Fast MicroEquilibrium
DIALYZER
Samples of 25 μl (Reusable)
Equilibrium Dialysis
DispoEquilibrium DIALYZER
Samples from 25 μl to 75 μl (Single use)
Advantages:
• Designed for 25 μl sample
volumes
• High membrane
area/sample volume ratio
• Faster equilibration
• High sample recovery
• Low protein binding
• Made of Acetal (Delrin ®
by DuPont); reusable
• Membranes available
with MWCO’s
• Suits almost any
application
Applications:
• Protein binding assays
• Protein-drug binding
assays
• Receptor binding assays
• Ligand binding assays
• Protein-protein interactions
• Protein-DNA interactions
Harvard Apparatus introduces to
our equilibrium dialysis product
line a new 25 μl Fast
MicroEquilibrium DIALYZER
using membranes and chambers
with high surface area to sample volume ratios. The high ratio and
short diffusion distances provide faster equilibration. The Fast
MicroEquilibrium DIALYZER includes Delrin ® sample and dialysate
chambers, anodized aluminum clamping nut, four Delrin ®
plug-fittings and two chemically compatible o-rings. The dialysate
chamber is separated from the sample chamber by a large
membrane that is tightly secured by the two o-rings, all sealed and
held together with a threaded clamping nut.
The Fast MicroEquilibrium DIALYZER is simple to use. The sample
and buffer are loaded into respective chambers through their inlet
ports and sealed by screw plug-fittings. The dialyzer assembly is
rotated along the membrane axis from time to time. The entire
assembly can be placed in a thermostatted chamber if temperature
control is required. After dialysis is complete, the dialysed sample is
aspirated from the dialysate/buffer chamber through a port.
Advantages:
• Easy to use & disposable
• Small sample volumes:
25 μl to 75 μl each
chamber
• Rapid dialysis due to
ultra-thin membrane
• High-quality regenerated
cellulose membranes
with MWCOs of 5,000
and 10,000 Daltons
• Leak-proof
Applications:
• Protein and Protein-drug
binding assays
• Receptor binding assays
• Ligand binding assays
• Protein-protein and
Protein-DNA interactions
Harvard Apparatus DispoEquilibrium DIALYZER is a single use product
for interaction studies and is currently the only such device on the
market. The DispoEquilibrium DIALYZER is leak-proof and provides
high sample recovery (almost 100 percent). This system is designed for
one-time use with samples such as radiolabeled compounds, avoiding
the hassle associated with cleaning the DIALYZER after use.
Each chamber has a capacity of 25 to 75 μl. The DispoEquilibrium
DIALYZER utilizes high-quality regenerated cellulose membranes with
MWCO’s of 5,000 or 10,000 Daltons. Sample recovery is very easy
through centrifugation or via removal with micropipettes. Includes two
caps (one black, one white), two 0.65 ml sample tubes per chamber
and two pipette tips for delivery/recovery.
Molecular Biology
Fast MicroEquilibrium DIALYZERS
Volume per Chamber (μl) Qty. of 1 Qty. of 5
25 BS4 74-1621 BS4 74-1622
$ 165.00 695.00
Ultra-Thin Membranes for Fast MicroEquilibrium DIALYZERS
Membrane MWCO (Daltons) Qty. of 24 Qty. of 96
5,000 BS4 74-1706 BS4 74-1702
$ 53.00 191.00
10,000 BS4 74-1707 BS4 74-1703
$
DispoEquilibrium DIALYZERS
Membrane
MWCO (Daltons) Qty. of 25 Qty. of 50 Qty. of 100
5,000 BS4 74-2204 BS4 74-2200 BS4 74-2201
$ 82.00 136.00 245.00
10,000 BS4 74-2205 BS4 74-2202 BS4 74-2203
$
Other MWCO available upon request
Extra Loading Pippette Tips, pkg. of 100 BS4 74-2222
$
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N41

Equilibrium Dialysis
96-Well Equilibrium DIALYZER Samples from 50 μl to 200 μl (Single use)
96-Well Equilibrium
DIALYZER Plate
BS4 74-2300
Plate Rotator
BS4 74-2302
U.S. Patent 6,458,275
Advantages:
Applications:
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
• Patented
• 96-well format
• Individual membrane for
each well
• Small sample volumes:
50 μl to 200 μl
• Ultra-thin regenerated
cellulose membranes
• Membranes are free of
sulfur and heavy metal
contamination
• High well-to-well
reproducibility
• Excellent sample
recovery (>95%)
• Protein and Protein-drug
binding assays
• Receptor binding assays
• Ligand binding assays
• Protein-protein and
Protein-DNA interactions
The single use, 96-Well
Equilibrium DIALYZER is a novel
product for the simultaneous
assay of 96 samples. Each well in
this system has a separate
membrane and thus eliminates
the possibility of sample crosscontamination.
Reproducibility is
very high across the different wells of the Equilibrium DIALYZER and
sample recovery is excellent. Wells 96-Well are sealed with 8-cap strips.
Twelve top 8-caps strips and twelve bottom 8-cap strips are included.
Thus a row of wells or all 96 wells can be used depending on the
specifications of the experiment. The 96-Well Equilibrium DIALYZER
utilizes high-quality regenerated cellulose membranes available with
MWCO’s of 5,000 or 10,000 Daltons. Rotator is required.
Single and Dual Plate Rotators
A Single or Dual Plate Rotator with variable rotation rates is available for
use with the Harvard Apparatus 96-Well Equilibrium DIALYZER. The
Rotator speeds up the equilibrium dialysis process by keeping the sample
in constant motion thereby ensuring higher reproducibility of results.
U.S. Patent
8-Plate Rotator Oven
BS4 74-2335
Dual Plate Rotator
BS4 74-2334
8-Plate Rotator Oven
The 8-Plate Rotator Oven is used for temperature controlled studies in
the 96-Well Equilibrium DIALYZER. The Rotator oven consists of the Big
SHOT Hybridization Oven (BS4 68-0770) on page N130 and a special
carousel (BS4 72-4909) to hold up to 8 plates simultaneously.
see Microcentrifuges pages N95-N103
Catalog No. $ Description
BS4 74-2300 383.00 96-Well Equilibrium DIALYZER Plate, Membrane
MWCO 5,000 Daltons, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-2301 383.00 96-Well Equilibrium DIALYZER Plate, Membrane
MWCO 10,000 Daltons, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-2302 605.00 Single Plate Rotator, pkg. of 1
Catalog No. $ Description
BS4 74-2334 825.00 Dual Plate Rotator, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-2335 3,050.00 8 Plate Rotator Oven, 110 V, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-2336 3,050.00 8 Plate Rotator Oven, 220 V, pkg. of 1
BS4 74-2324 17.00 Strip (8-Cap), (blue) Bottom, pkg. of 12
BS4 74-2325 17.00 Strip (8-Cap), (opaque) Top, pkg. of 12
N42
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

Dialysis Membranes
Membranes for DIALYZERS
A large variety of membranes are available for use with
our products. The following tables are designed to assist you
in choosing the appropriate membranes for your needs.
Cellulose Acetate
These membranes are low protein binding and have a sharp MWCO
range. The membranes are pre-cut, and supplied in 0.05% sodium
azide solution. They are ready to use after rinsing with deionized
water and buffer. Glycerol, sulfur, and heavy metals are not present in
these membranes. The cellulose acetate membranes are intended
only for aqueous solutions, and the presence of an organic solvent is
not recommended.
Regenerated Cellulose
These membranes are more stable in organic solvents, but the MWCO
range is not as sharply defined as that of cellulose acetate membranes.
The membranes are pre-cut, and supplied in a 0.05% sodium azide solution.
They are ready to use after rinsing with deionized water and buffer.
Glycerol, sulfur, or heavy metals are not present in these membranes.
Polycarbonate
These membranes are more stable in organic solvents. They are available
in four highly controlled pore sizes for a well defined MWCO range.
Membranes for Equilibrium DIALYZERS
Ultra-Thin Membranes for Micro- and
Fast Micro-Equilibrium DIALYZERS on pages N40 and N41
Membrane
MWCO (Daltons) Qty. of 24 $ Qty. of 96 $
For Use with 25, 50 and 100 μl Volume Chambers
5,000 BS4 74-1704 BS4 74-1700
10,000 BS4 74-1705 43.00 BS4 74-1701 136.00
For Use with 250 and 500 μl Volume Chambers
5,000 BS4 74-1706 53.00 BS4 74-1702 191.00
10,000 BS4 74-1707 BS4 74-1703
Specialty Membranes
Membrane
MWCO (Dalton) Qty. of 10 Qty. of 100 Qty. of 200 $
Membranes for Multi-Equilibrium DIALYZERS (page N39)
and/or Mini Lipoprep (page N47)
5,000 – – BS4 74-2100
10,000 – – BS4 74-2102 213.00
Membranes for Liposomats
5,000 – BS4 74-6401 – 432.00
Specialty Membranes for Flow-Thru DIALYZERS on page N33
Membrane
MWCO (Dalton) Qty. of 10 Qty. of 100 Qty. of 200 $
Membranes for Flow-Thru DIALYZERS, Cellulose Acetate
100 BS4 74-1508 – –
500 BS4 74-1500 – – 77.00
1,000 BS4 74-1501 – –
2,000 BS4 74-1502 – – 77.00
5,000 BS4 74-1503 – –
10,000 BS4 74-1504 – – 77.00
25,000 BS4 74-1505 – –
50,000 BS4 74-1506 – – 77.00
100,000 BS4 74-1507 – –
Membranes for Flow-Thru DIALYZERS, Regenerated Cellulose
1,000 BS4 74-1510 – –
2,000 BS4 74-1511 – – 82.00
5,000 BS4 74-1512 – –
10,000 BS4 74-1513 – – 82.00
25,000 BS4 74-1514 – –
50,000 BS4 74-1515 – – 82.00
Pore Size Qty. of 10 Qty. of 100 Qty. of 200 $
Polycarbonate Membranes for Flow-Thru DIALYZER
0.01 μm BS4 74-1520 – –
0.05 μm BS4 74-1521 – – 82.00
0.60 μm BS4 74-1522 – –
Molecular Biology
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N43

Dialysis Membranes
Membranes for DIALYZERS - Size Range from 10 μl to 5,000 μl
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
Membranes for DIALYZERS on pages N26 thru N32, and N40 to N41
Cellulose Acetate DIALYZERS Size DIALYZERS Size DIALYZERS Size
Membranes Range of 10 μl to 200 μl Range of 250 μl to 1,500 μl Range of 3,000 μl to 5,000 μl
MWCO (Daltons) Qty. of 24 Qty. of 96 Qty. of 24 Qty. of 96 Qty. of 24 Qty. of 96
100 BS4 74-2410 BS4 74-2400 BS4 74-2510 BS4 74-2500 BS4 74-2619 BS4 74-2620
$
500 BS4 74-2411 BS4 74-2401 BS4 74-2512 BS4 74-2501 BS4 74-2609 BS4 74-2600
$
1,000 BS4 74-2412 BS4 74-2402 BS4 74-2513 BS4 74-2502 BS4 74-2610 BS4 74-2601
$
2,000 BS4 74-2413 BS4 74-2403 BS4 74-2514 BS4 74-2503 BS4 74-2612 BS4 74-2602
$
5,000 BS4 74-2414 BS4 74-2404 BS4 74-2515 BS4 74-2504 BS4 74-2613 BS4 74-2603
$
10,000 BS4 74-2415 BS4 74-2405 BS4 74-2516 BS4 74-2505 BS4 74-2614 BS4 74-2604
$
25,000 BS4 74-2416 BS4 74-2406 BS4 74-2517 BS4 74-2506 BS4 74-2615 BS4 74-2605
$
50,000 BS4 74-2417 BS4 74-2407 BS4 74-2518 BS4 74-2507 BS4 74-2516 BS4 74-2606
$
100,000 BS4 74-2418 BS4 74-2408 BS4 74-2519 BS4 74-2508 BS4 74-2617 BS4 74-2607
$
300,000 BS4 74-2419 BS4 74-2409 BS4 74-2520 BS4 74-2509 BS4 74-2618 BS4 74-2608
$
Regenerated Cellulose Membranes
MWCO (Daltons)
1,000 BS4 74-2706 BS4 74-2700 BS4 74-2806 BS4 74-2800 BS4 74-2906 BS4 74-2900
$
2,000 BS4 74-2707 BS4 74-2701 BS4 74-2807 BS4 74-2801 BS4 74-2907 BS4 74-2901
$
5,000 BS4 74-2708 BS4 74-2702 BS4 74-2808 BS4 74-2802 BS4 74-2908 BS4 74-2902
$
10,000 BS4 74-2709 BS4 74-2703 BS4 74-2809 BS4 74-2803 BS4 74-2909 BS4 74-2903
$
25,000 BS4 74-2410 BS4 74-2704 BS4 74-2810 BS4 74-2804 BS4 74-2910 BS4 74-2904
$
50,000 BS4 74-2411 BS4 74-2705 BS4 74-2811 BS4 74-2805 BS4 74-2911 BS4 74-2905
$
Polycarbonate Membranes
Membrane Pore Size
0.01 μm BS4 74-3103 BS4 74-3100 BS4 74-3203 BS4 74-3200 BS4 74-3303 BS4 74-3300
$
0.05 μm BS4 74-3104 BS4 74-3101 BS4 74-3204 BS4 74-3201 BS4 74-3304 BS4 74-3301
$
0.10 μm BS4 74-3106 BS4 74-3107 BS4 74-3206 BS4 74-3207 BS4 74-3306 BS4 74-3307
$
0.60 μm BS4 74-3105 BS4 74-3102 BS4 74-3205 BS4 74-3202 BS4 74-3305 BS4 74-3302
$
The membrane ordering information is color coded to
assist you in selecting the appropriate membrane:
Pink shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes up to 200 μl
Purple shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 250 μl to 1,500 μl
Green shaded membranes are for products with sample sizes
ranging from 3,000 μl to 5,000 μl
N44
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

Liposome Products
Introduction to Liposomes
Harvard Apparatus Liposomes
Advantages
• Fast, easy to use
• Unilamellar
• Reproducible
• Uniformly-sized (25 to 800nm)
• Very high encapsulation
• Low lipid loss (1 to 2%)
• Stable liposomes
(one year or longer)
Applications
• Drug delivery
• DNA delivery and gene therapy
• Cell-cell interactions
• Cosmetics
• Diagnostics
Today liposomes are an important part of biological, pharmaceutical,
and medical research. Because liposomes are the most effective
carriers for the introduction of many different types of agents into
cells, the applications of liposome-based samples and products are
extremely wide. A few examples are presented below:
• Liposomes are used for studying protein-liposome
interactions with compounds such as serum lipoproteins,
lectins, toxins and clotting components.
• They are used for the entrapment of anti-tumor agents,
anti-microbial drugs, anti-inflammatory and
immunomodulatory agents and CNS-active drugs.
The therapeutic applications are presently include cancer
therapy, arthritis, metal chelation therapy, enzyme
replacement therapy, hemophilia (factor VIII), myocardial
infarction, and as radiopharmaceutical markers.
• Liposomes are used for studying in vitro and in vivo
liposome-cell interactions.
• They are used for reconstitution experiments especially for
ion transport systems.
• In molecular biology, liposomes are used for the mediated
delivery of macromolecules into eukaryotic cells.
• In immunology, antigens encapsulated in liposomes are used
to generate antibodies, to mediate active and passive
immunization and for many other applications.
• The use of liposomes in gene-based technology and in
broader biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications is
increasing day by day.
Harvard Apparatus offers two instruments, the Mini Lipoprep and the
Liposomat, for fast, easy and reproducible liposome preparation.
No prior experience in liposome preparation is necessary.
Using these systems, liposomes can be prepared with virtually any
lipid, depending on the specifications of the experiment and the types
of biomolecules that need to be encapsulated. Liposome preparation
with these instruments is highly reproducible and compared to other
liposome preparation methods on the market, these liposomes are
very stable. Under sterile conditions, liposomes prepared using the
Mini Lipoprep and Liposomat can be stored for one year or longer.
Molecular Biology
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N45

Liposome Products
Specialized Tools For Bioresearch
Liposome Preparation
Liposome Specifications
With a few exceptions, liposomes are composed of natural or
synthetic phospholipids, mostly lecithins. Hence, they can be
metabolized in vivo and are generally non-toxic and non-antigenic.
Agents can be entrapped in liposomes without the formation of
chemical bonds and sensitive molecules can be protected within
them. Because of their restricted permeability, liposomal
preparations offer a controllable, time-dependent release system.
The entrapment of a drug within liposomes changes its
pharmaco-kinetics and can result in a better therapeutic index and
enhanced cellular uptake. Since different agents need different lipid
agents to create an optimal coat, in vivo experiments following
liposome preparation are often the optimal means of determining
which lipid represents the best compromise between permeability
and in vivo stability for any given agent.
Stability of Liposomes
No general rule for maintaining liposome stability exists since it
depends on several parameters, such as the type of lipid used, the
properties of the drug/agent in the liposomes, their size, lamellarity,
and homogeneity, the electrolyte content and pH of the medium
used, and also on the specifications of the desired application.
Size Control
The size of liposomes can be adjusted experimentally by varying
several parameters: the dialysis rate, type of detergent, type of
lipid(s), lipid/detergent molar ratio, lipid concentration, electrolyte
content and pH.
Detergents
The detergents used are gentle in their action and are not expected
to hydrolyze or peroxidize liposome components. The most
frequently used detergents are sodium cholate, n-octyl-b-Dglucopyranoside
and n-octyl-tetraoxyethylene (POE4). Other
detergents are sodium salts of glycocholic acid, deoxycholic acid,
taurocholic acid, chenoxycholic acid, n-hexyl- and n-heptylglucopyranoside
and lauryldimethylamine oxide.
Unilamellar Liposomes of Various Lipid Mixtures Prepared by Controlled Detergent Removal Using the Liposomat
(total lipid concentration varied between 10 and 13 mg/ml)
Lipid Composition Molar Ratio Detergent Molar Lipid / Detergent Ratio Liposome Diameter (nm)
EYL - cholate 0.60 55 ±3
EYL - cholate 0.76 68 ±3
EYL/chol 8:2 cholate 1.15 81 ±4
EYL/chol 7:3 cholate 0.52 61 ±4
EYL/PE 3:7 cholate 0.22 36 ±2
EYL/PI 8:2 cholate 0.60 59 ±2
EYL/PA 10:2 cholate 0.62 42 ±2
EYL/SA 10:2 cholate 0.62 49 ±2
EYL/cerebroside - cholate 0.60 81 ±4
DPPC/DMPA 9:1 cholate 0.20 97 ±4
DSPC/DCP 9:1 cholate 0.20 74 ±4
DPPC/DMPA 9:1 cholate 0.62 90 ±4
EYL - n-octyl-glucoside 0.20 176 ±3
EYL - n-octyl-glucoside/n-heptyl glucoside 0.80/0.17 117 ±3
EYL - n-heptyl glucoside 0.13 79 ±2
EYL - n-hexyl glucoside 0.05 59 ±2
DSPC/chol/DCP 7:2:1 n-octyl-glucoside 0.20 79 ±4
Hydrogenated soya 9:1 n-octyl-glucoside 0.20 130 ±5
Lecithin/DMPA
EYL = egg yolk lecithin
chol = cholesterol
PE = phosphatidylethanolamine
PI = phosphatidylinositol
PA = phosphatidic acid
SA = stearylamine
DMPA = dimyristoyl phosphtidic acid
DPPC = dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
DSPC = distearoyl phosphatidylcholine
DCP = dicetylphosphate
Table reprinted with permission of H.G.Weder and O. Zumbuehl
N46
11,000 Specialty Products to Enhance Your Bioresearch

Liposome Products
Liposome Preparation
Liposomes
Liposomes are formed when detergents are removed from an equilibriated
lipid/detergent solution by dialysis.
Liposomat
BS4 74-6400
Liposomes
Detergent
Mini Lipoprep
• The Mini Lipoprep is well suited for the preparation of small
volumes of liposomes (0.5 ml to 1.0 ml).
• It consists of a sample chamber, which is used with a
membrane, and a motor to rotate the sample chamber at
constant speed.
• Liposomes are formed during dialysis of the detergent in the
lipid/detergent micelles through the membrane.
• Using the Mini Lipoprep, unilamellar homogeneous liposomes
can be prepared in 2 to 3 hours.
Catalog No. $ Description
Mini Lipoprep
BS4 74-6300 1,414.00 Mini Lipoprep with Dual Speed Drive Unit
(10/20 rpm), Dialysis Cell (500 μl to 1000 μl) and
200 Membranes (MWCO 10,000 Daltons Very
High Permeability), qty. of 1
BS4 74-2100 191.00 Membranes for Mini Lipoprep MWCO 5,000
Daltons, qty. of 200
BS4 74-2102 213.00 Membranes for Mini Lipoprep MWCO 10,000
Daltons Very High Permeability
BS4 74-6304 148.00 Kit for Liposome Preparation (for 20 Preparations);
includes: 500mg Phosphatidylcholine from Soyabean,
and 800mg Cholic Acid Sodium Salt, qty. of 1
Liposomat
• The Liposomat is ideal for the preparation of liposomes of
volumes from 3 ml to 50 ml or higher.
• The system has two serpentine channels superimposed on
each other and separated by a membrane.
• Each channel has a volume of 3 ml and a length of 3 meters.
The mixed lipid/detergent micelles run through one of the
channels while the buffer flows through the other channel.
• Due to controlled dialysis and the high surface area in the
system, liposomes can be formed within 30 minutes.
• The serpentine chambers can also be immersed in a water
bath for liposome production at constant temperature.
Catalog No. $ Description
Liposomat
BS4 74-6400 8,310.00 Liposomat Device for Preparation of Liposomes
(3 ml to 50 ml) with Dual Pump, Flow-Through
Dialysis Chamber and 100 Membranes (MWCO
5,000 Daltons), qty. of 1
BS4 74-6401 432.00 Membranes for Liposomat (MWCO 5,000 Daltons),
qty. of 100
BS4 74-6402 213.00 Long Tubing for Use of Liposomat with Thermostat,
qty. of 1
Molecular Biology
U.S. Toll Free: (800) 272-2775 • Fax: (508) 429-5732 • Online: www.harvardapparatus.com
N47