to download the magazine - Multimedia University of Kenya

A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
MEDIA ICON FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
EDITORIAL
EDITORIAL TEAM
NICANOR NDIEGE
Managing Editor,
Students’ Blog Manager, MMU
Phone No. 0714-179-749,
Email:
nicanorndiege@gmail.com
MAY NALWENGE
News Editor,
Print Media Lab Assistant, MMU
Phone No. 0710-975-404,
Email:
maynalwenge@ymail.com
FREDRICK MUENDO
Design & Layout Manager,
Print Media Lab Assistant, MMU
Phone No. 0721-660-849,
Email:
muendofred@gmail.com
Whenever we are born, wedded,
ordained or go through a
life changing process such as college
graduation, it becomes a defining
moment in our lives in the way it
shapes our destiny.
It is on the backdrop of this scenario
that the first ever graduation
ceremony for Multimedia University
is not only a sweet reward for the hard
work the students have put in over
past few years but also a milestone
achievement for the institution as a
whole.
HATS OFF TO MMU ALUMNI
This noble event casts MMU in
the academic map of excellence as it
not only shows the ever increasing
demand in high quality of tertiary
education that the university provides
but also the need by students to
successfully complete their courses
and join the rest in moving society to
greater heights.
However, as we put our graduation
gowns on, walk across the podium to
receive our Degrees and Diplomas, let
us remember that this is not the end
of our education but a dawn of a new
stage in the process of learning.
Most importantly, as we graduate let
us stay connected to our university so
that we continue to build a robust and
sustainable campus for the future.
Therefore, we as MMU graduation
magazine team wish to congratulate
all the students for their hard work
and wish them the best as a world of
opportunities awaits outside.
The Editorial Team wishes to acknowledge support of Mrs. Gladys Kemunto Orina - Lecturer, for modeling us
in organizing the content and design, MMU Administration for allocating budget to publish the Magazine &
all graduates/students who provided their profiles which are featured on this edition.
Media Icon Magazine is Publication of
Print Journalism Section 2012.
Faculty of Media & Communication, (FAMECO)
Multimedia University College of Kenya,
P.O. Box 15653-00503,
Nairobi-Kenya.
Tel: +254 20 891 429
Fax: +254 20 891 701
Email: mmu.media.icon@gmail.com
Any publication or reprint of this Magazine without
any persmission from the Publisher is unlawful.
For More information, contact the Publisher.
‘
“Saluting MMU graduates”
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
MEDIA ICON
EDITORIAL
With term papers completed, final
exams graded, and graduation
certificate in hand, prospects of a
blissful future linger in the minds
of many and Multimedia University
graduates are not an exception.
After burning their midnight oil to
ensure they acquire all that it takes to
fit in the contemporary competitive
job market, MMU graduates deserve a
greater appreciation for all the efforts
and commitments they have shown.
In a world where the Charles Darwin’s
postulate ‘Survival for the fittest’ has
Prof. W.O. Oyawa Principal, MMU
WORD FROM THE DEAN, FAMECO, PROF. MUREJ
The Faculty of Media and
Communication (FAMECO) is
arguably the only such faculty in
Kenya that stands tall with the pride
of offering the first and only degree
programme in Film Production and
Animation.
We have best-equipped media and
communication labs, including more
than 22 high-end I-Mac computers,
professional TV cameras and stateof-the-art
audio and visual recording,
editing and post-production equipment
We are also set to offer two
more stand-alone degree
programmes: Bachelor of
Journalism and Bachelor of
Applied Communication as
from September this year
FOCUS ON GRADUATION
becomes synonymous, these graduates
have bravely and successfully
travelled this murky road to set the
stage for the inaugural graduation
ceremony for this institution.
However, they were not alone in
this nerve wrecking and sometimes
intimidating journey and we
take this cheerful moment to
congratulate all the faculty Dean’s,
‘These graduates have bravely
and successfully travelled this
murky road to set the stage
for the inaugural graduation
ceremony for this institution’
lecturers and support staff for their
outstanding efforts and scales of their
commitments towards making this
journey a success.
We acknowledge the fact that
providing the students with relevant
and adequate learning materials
with a Radio Station that broadcasts
24 hours alongside excellent TV
Studio.
The Faculty has two departments:
Journalism & Communication, Film
& Broadcast which offer certificate,
diploma and degree programmes
with the best training resources in
Journalism.
We are also set to offer two more
stand-alone degree programmes:
Bachelor of Journalism and Bachelor
of Applied Communication as from
September this year.
The two courses will have two
specializations, namely Corporate
Communication and Health and
Development Communication.
Whether you aspire to be a newspaper
“Saluting MMU graduates”
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies
alongside offering guidance is not an
easy task and we all say kudos to all
the lecturers especially those from the
Faculty of Media and communication
the publisher of this Magazine.
Nevertheless, we can’t take off
our sight the good work of the
University’s Principal Prof.
Walter Oyawa who under his
watchful eye and leadership, the
University is having its inaugural
graduation ceremony alongside other
developments.
This is clearly a milestone
achievement as different strings had
to be pulled together even in adverse
situation for this process which has
been a pipe dream to materialize.
To our graduates, its time to move to a
new phase of life but as you move on
from a community of friends, teachers
and mentors created over your college
tenure do not hang your ambitious
dreams on the shelf. Keep on moving
by whichever means.
MESSAGE
reporter, magazine columnist, a
TV/radio announcer, or reporter,
or graphic designer, a Certificate,
a Diploma or Degree in Mass
Communication will equip you with
the necessary skills and knowledge.
Students produce their own magazine,
short films, TV and Radio programmes
from the MMU 99.9 FM Radio
station.
3

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
MEDIA ICON FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
RADIO PROFILES
MICHAEL WERE, Supersport
Though he hustled early, his dreams
to become a football commentator
did not go into waste, the long
journey to be the only Swahili football
commentator for the world’s leading
football channel- Super Sport, began
on a humble note.
He joined Multimedia University
College of Kenya in 2006 through
the administration’s help and that was
how his talent grew.
He completed his Diploma Course in
November 2010 having specialized in
Radio Production.
DORCAS MULUGU,
Milele FM
Dorcas completed her studies in
2012 with a specialization in
Radio Production from MMU.
She then got an internship at Anguo
FM which is Milele FM’s sister
station.
Due to her amazing job and powerful
voice, she was offered a job as an
anchor. She also has her own show
‘DANIKODA’ which is taita for ‘now
or never’.
Dorcas aspires to join Aljazeera or
CNN and therefore takes Anguo as a
stepping stone to greater heights.
NANCY PARSALOI, Radio Maria Kenya
Nancy joined Multimedia
University College of Kenya
4
Thereafter, was offered an internship
in the university’s radio station where
he worked well even though the studio
EMMANUEL MAKOKHA, KBC
Emmanuel completed his Diploma
course in Mass Communications
in 2011 with specialization in Radio
Production.
He was appointed the Assistant
Manager of the university’s Radio
Station in 2010 and served as sports
editor and presenter.
After his studies, he left for internship
at Kenya Broadcasting Corporation
(KBC) where he gathered and
scripted sports news.
Emmanuel was then recommended
the Head of Sports Department. He
is also the analyst of daily sports
in 2009 for Diploma in Mass
Communication Course.
After first year of study, she was
attached at Kenya News Agency
(KNA) Nairobi, then after internship
she returned to complete studies and
specialized in radio production.
During her final year she was
appointed as the studio coordinator for
the Radio MMU, and she completed in
June 2011.
She secured her second internship at
“Saluting MMU graduates”
had only one computer then.
He could spend nights in the studio to
ensure that the station ran throughout.
Finally, when Super Sports announced
the talent search campaign dubbed
“Bonga Boli”,
He knew it was time to achieve his
dreams and he emerged the champion
in the grand finale that ended in an
overwhelming style.
Were attributes his success to his
lecturers who shaped him to what he
is today and promises to keep going
on and on.
programme dubbed ‘Ulimwengu wa
Michezo’.
He is currently a full Sports Presenter
at KBC Radio Taifa. Also works as a
Radio Lab Technologist at Multimedia
University.
Kameme FM (media max) where she
got a job.
Due to her hard work and persistence
she got another opportunity at radio
Maria Kenya where she is also
working as a mid morning presenter.
Tune into
99.9 FM
MMU Radio
“Where education,
technology and
community connect”
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
MEDIA ICON
PRINT PROFILES
ISAAC ONGIRI, Nation
Isaac currently works for the Nation
as a senior political reporter having
crossed over from the Standard where
he served as a political reporter. At
the Standard he mainly featured in the
Sunday Standard with specialization in
investigative and political journalism.
He joined Multimedia University in
2006 where he undertook a Diploma
Course in Mass Communications and
later specialized in Electronic Media.
After his studies, he got a job offer at
the Standard Group but a year later got
a better offer at the Star Newspaper.
In August this year he got another
offer with The Nation for his current
PHILIPH MUASYA , The Star
position and decided to sign the
contract.
He graduated from Moi University
with Bachelor of Science degree in
Communication and P.R.
Phillip was among the seven pioneer
students of Print Media, and the only
one with a Distinction.
After completing his studies in
2008, he started writing articles for
The Standard Newspaper in Sunday
magazines. He is currently writing for
The Star Newspaper.
OBED MUINDI, West FM
Obed joined Multimedia
University in 2006 and
specialized in Print Media. While still
undertaking his studies, he trained
as a journalist with Kenya Times
Newspaper (now defunct), from June
2007 to December 2007 where he
gained a wealth of experience.
He was founder member of the MMU
Journalism club where talents were
nurtured for aspiring journalists.
After his studies, he got a job with
the Kenya Times as a Sub Editor in
charge of Education and Science,
fields which he specialized in as a
journalist.
Currently, Obed works at West Media
Ltd – owners
of West FM
Radio as
an online
News Editor
and radio
news editor
(Swahili).
When in primary, he would mimic
radio presenters but later came
to realise that his talent was in writing.
While in form three he wrote a letter
to KBC enquiring on how to become
a journalist. To his surprise KBC
replied, advising him to join Kenya
Institute of Mass Communication.
After high school, he tried getting
admission at KIMC in vain. Then
later, they offered him a Radio
Production Course but since he
wanted to write, he declined.
He then applied for Mass
Communications at MMU and that
was where his talent was nurtured.
BETTY MUINDI, The People
Her talent emerged after a year’s In August 2011, the MMU alumnus
study at MMU, where she secured was recalled at the People Newspaper
first internship at the People Daily
Newspaper which is under K24.
Her hard work, dedication
and interest in writing
earned her a job as a
correspondent writing
news items and features.
In 2011 after the
completion of her Diploma
Course, she was given
an opportunity by a
vibrant monthly county
newspaper, South Rift
Times, where she was
overseeing designing
and printing of the
editions.
“Saluting MMU graduates”
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies
then later, due to her dedication
she was confirmed as a permanent
employee in the company.
Her short term career goals
are to utilize all skills and
knowledge acquired during
professional training at MMU
to further the development
of the mass communications
field.
She aspires to advance her
career through further
education and wants to
be the best journalist in
the region.
5

GREGORY MULEMI, Kenyanstar Magazine
The Kenyanstar magazine
and website sports
writer Gregory pursued
Diploma in media and
mass communication at
Multimedia University with
a specialization in Radio
Production in 2009.
Many thought he would
spend most of his time
behind microphone in the
studios but that was not the
case and as he says that in
media you must be prepared
for any work, he ended up
being a sports writer.
But where did this journey
begin “When I was eight,
I heard one commentator
airing live a football match
between Shabana FC and
To Isaiah, planning a
head after his three
year Diploma course in
Mass Communication at
MMU was the best way
to maneuver the gloomy
economy.
He ventured into
entrepreneurship an area
where most fresh graduates
AFC Leopards, I was
disgusted by the way he
did”, reveals Mulemi
He says he had greatest
challenge when he was
part of the team that started
airing sports programs on
MMU radio he notes that
became the backbone onto
which his passion to excel
was hinged.
ISAIAH GWENGI, An entrepreneur
despise. His production
house Gwengi Creatives,
which deals in graphic
design, photography and
video production, is based
at Bondo District in Siaya
County.
6
MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
MEDIA ICON FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
MEDIA GALLERY
He also earned himself
a correspondent position
in Nyanza Media and a
freelance position in African
Woman and Child Feature
Service (AWC).
While graduates find it
hard to crack joblessness
Gwengi believes that having
entrepreneurial mentality is
the answer.
DANSTAN KEITZA, MMU Media technologist
Danstan joined MMU was an intern at Radio
in 2007 for a Diploma Mambo as a producer and
course in Mass Communication
and completed in In 2010 he was also at-
a presenter.
2009 with specialization in tached at MMU TV studio
TV production.
as the studio assistant.
In June to Dec 2008, he
Due his commitment, in
ELvince Joshua,
Sportsnews Arena Magazine
John Muthusi,
Family Health International
“Saluting MMU graduates”
Euphresia Okwakori,
MMU Radio Presenter
Rawlings Otieno,
The Standard Newspaper
NATHANIEL MATANO, Safaricom
Matano, a 2010 print
student finalist at
Multimedia University
believed that for any success
to be realized, God must
come first.
“I’d like to encourage
the youths and students
out there that they will
accomplish their dreams as
long as they put God first
and never give up on their
dreams”, notes Matano in
his profile.
He got an attachment with
MMU radio as a reporter
and a Presenter before
becoming a Radio Training
2011 he got job at Ukweli
Video Production as Head
of production
Currently he is working at
MMU as Media technologist
assistant in 2011 in the same
institution.
In Feb 2012, he joined
Ecoplan Limited as a
messenger and an article
writer.
Currently, he is in
Safaricom as a Customer
Experience Assistant.
MMU ICT
Centre
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies
of
Excellence

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
MEDIA ICON
MEDIA GALLERY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
10
1. Information PS. Dr. Bitange Ndemo receives an explanation on evolution of Telephone
from Samuel Odoyo, Director, ICT Museum at MMU.
2. Chancellor, JKUAT, Prof. Francis Gichaga, planting atree during the Chancellor’s
Day at MMU.
3. MMU Principal, Prof. Oyawa,when he received Supersport commentator, Michael
Were in his office.
4. MMU Journalism Patron, Mr. Isaac Mutwiri, buying seedlings at Kakamega Rain
forest during a trip to Western Kenya
5. MMU students showing off their trophy after winning Intervarsity Premier Media
Expose at USIU.
6. MMU Journalism Club members pose for a photo with their Patron at Webuye Pan
African Paper Mills.
7.MMU Softball team pose for a photo with their Coach, Mr. Francis Karugu.
8. Dr. Bitange Ndemo(centre), Dean FAMECO, Prof. Murej and a guest converse outside
MMU Conference hall.
9. MMU Journalism Patron and members pose for a photo at a bullfighting statue in
Kakamega.
10. MMU ladies Hockey Captain, Lydia Syprose(centre), in a tussle for a ball with a KU
player at City Park Stadium.
11. MMU men Hockey Captain, Jeff Asira(left), in a tussle for a ball with a Parkroad
player at City Park Stadium.
“Saluting MMU graduates”
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies
7

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
MEDIA ICON FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
MEDIA GALLERY
PERPERTUA OKOTH, Citizen TV
As a graduate of Multimedia
University College with a Diploma
in Mass Communication in Electronic
Media, Perpetua has undertaken
several internships with organizations
like Kenya Broadcasting Corporation
and Kiswood before joining Citizen
TV.
Working as an editor and producer
since 2009, she has been able to take
on and make contributions on projects
like Corporate Sense, Art Galore,
Kobi With an Eye, Spelling Safari (a
kids competition programme, Angels
Café, Fashion Show, Wedding Show,
Machachari and various other projects
yet to be released.Through hardwork
and determination, she started her
career in the media industry as an
intern with KBC in 2007 and worked
for more than 6months.
In 2009, she joined Kiswood (Kisumu),
an organization working closely with
USAID Kisumu as an intern doing
project work. This exposure and
experience earned her a contract with
USAID as a Project Communicator.
Currently, she is pursuing a B.Sc. in
Communication and Public Relations
at Moi University, Nairobi Campus.
MAGDALENE MWACHITI,
Kenya Airways
Magdalene completed her
Diploma course in Mass
Communications at Multimedia
University with a specialization in
TV Production in 2010.
Later, she got a 5-month internship
at the Kenya Ports Authority in the
Public Relations Department in 2009.
Thereafter she went for another
internship at Kenya Airways where
she got a job.
Currently she is working as the acting
Information and Communications
Officer in the Industrial and
Environment Section as a video
editor.
ROBERT KIMANI,
An entrepreneur
He joined Multimedia University
in 2008 for his Diploma in Mass
Communication course and completed
in 2010 with Print Journalism specialization.
THUKU KARIUKI, Africa Journal
Thuku joined Multimedia
University in 2007 to pursue
Diploma in Mass Communication
Course.
He has been on various industrial
internships where he has gained
tremendous experience which earned
him two job opportunities.
He worked as a T.V producer at NTV
for two years as from 2010; he was in
charge of live productions and Prime
time (PM) live broadcast.
Thuku got another opportunity at A24
Media where he is currently working.
At A24, he is involved in production
of Pan African Stories, such as Algeria
Independence, Lapsset project.
He is also working at Africa Journal as
a presenter which its productions are
aired on KTN every Saturday.
GEORGE ABUGA, Technical operator MMU TV Studio
George completed his Diploma in Mass Communication
in 2010 with a specialization in
TV production.
He got an internship at MMU TV Studio before
being confirmed as the studio training assistant.
Kimani is currently operating a
graphic design, photography and video
production in Nairobi.
8
Currently he is the communications’ Lab technoligist
at Multimedia University.
“Saluting MMU graduates”
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
MEDIA ICON
PR PROFILES
EVANS ODERO,
British Council
Evans joined MMU in 2006 to
study Mass Communications
(Diploma) and completed in 2008 with
specialization in Electronic Media.
He then went for his internship
at British Council as Information
Assistant, Professional Development
Centre.
Assistant, Projects and
Communications Officer.
He was then
confirmed
at the same
place and has
successfully
worked in
the following
positions:
Customer
Service
Currently, Evans is the
Communications Support Officer,
Kenya and Somalia.
MICHELLE BUKY, Visual Works Limited
Michelle completed her three year
course in Mass Communication
specializing in Electronic Media.
She was an active member of the
MMU Journalism Club where she
was once Managing Editor and Chief
sub editor of the Oracle Magazine.
She has worked in various places
including KICOSHEP Kenya as
Programme Assistant, Vineyard
Productions.
Currently she is at Visual Works
Limited doing general TV
productions, video and audio editing.
Michelle’s achievements include
documentaries on Sickle cell anaemia,
potato seed bulking, a Rift Valley
PEV recovery project on Post election
violence.
MMU Talents
She was also part of NCIC
documentary production on people’s
preparedness on the next elections.
Currently, she is involved a continuing
documentary ‘Peace in our pockets’ on
elections and civic education.
By Fredrick Muendo
David Chungi aka Wordbenda,
defines his artistic career style in
Spoken Word as “flowetry” because
it’s a mixture of art and rap.
He says that it is “witty and funny but
it always has an underling message,
something for the listener to take
home.”
Wordbenda started his art three years
ago when he performed at the Eve of
Poetry and got an encore on his very
first show.
This encouraged him to pursue this
form of art further, a decision that
has proved very wise as it is a great
avenue to pass his message.
MIXTURE OF ART AND RAP AS A CAREER
His career is something the youth
relate to mostly because it is put in
their lingua franca i.e. ‘Sheng’.
He won Slam Africa in January, 2012
and in May, he graduated from Sauti
Academy.
Wordbenda has a lot of his work on
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies
you tube, among other media but
despite all this, he is still a very
humble man. He says that his greatest
achievement is when someone comes
up to him after a performance and
tells him that his art has touched him/
her in a special way.
He is currently pursuing a Bachelor
of Film Production and Animation at
MMU and despite the challenge in
managing both his studies and career,
he is very motivated to continue with
both.
In the spirit of nurturing the students
talents, he performs spoken word
artists every fortnight on every
Wednesday at the MMU theatre room.
For more information on Wordbenda, you can visit YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and coming soon,
www.wordbenda.com.
“Saluting MMU graduates”
9

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
MEDIA ICON FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
JOURNALISM CLUB
By Nicanor Ndiege
In his article published in a local
daily, columnist Wale Akinyemi
describes a leader as one who can
paint a picture of the future and move
an organization or a nation from egg
to butterfly.
His description befits that of
Multimedia University Journalism
Club leaders right from its inception
to date for in their hands, the club has
always been on its success path.
The first Journalism club chairperson
HISTORY OF MMU JOURNALISM CLUB
had been dedicated to sharpening
and setting the pace in journalistic
excellence from very early on.
With growing interest and
commitment of club members, it
expanded and in the year 2009, the
Oracle volume three and four were
published with Wekesa as the editorin-chief.
Jerry Rawlings Otieno succeeded
Wekesa and did not disappoint either,
the club continued with its good work
of churning out young and aggressive
journalists to the mainstream media.
leadership the club was crowned the
most active by JKUAT Chancellor
Prof. Francis Gichaga on Chancellor’s
Day but above all, these leaders were
not just office holders but leaders who
had a compelling vision of the club.
Ramathan Rajab an investigative
reporter, Daily Nation Newspaper. He was
the first chairman of the club.
Ramathan Rajab, took the noble duty
of molding the club and setting a
pace that would be appreciated by
likeminded persons.
Through hard work and dedication,
Ramathan ensured that the club got its
constitution, a document that set legal
grounds for members’ operation.
Keeping up with the tempo, Rawlings
ensured that Oracle Magazines volume
five and six were produced making
the club and faculty of media and
communication to continue standing
tall within the University for their
outstanding hard work.
Goaded by the will to continue
showcasing the vibrancy of faculty
of media and the club, John Muthusi,
succeeding Rawlins took control of
the club and left the responsibility to
Zackary Mwangi.
Journalism club member, Victor Wetende
(Right) receives a trophy on behalf of the
club from JKUAT Chancellor Prof. Francis
Gichaga during Chancellor’s day at MMU.
These leaders therefore left a
monumental mark in the history of
journalism club and Faculty of Media
and Communication in Multimedia
University.
But all these successes could not
have been realized were it not for
the presence of the club Patron Mr.
Isaac Mutwiri whose commitments
and efforts can only be seen as the
engine fuel that always kept the club
in progress.
“Setting the
Still on delivery path, first and second
Oracle publications were produced
under the watchful eye of Ramathan
who also doubled up as the editorin-chief
to amazement of many who
could not believe the club had writers
who had passion about their work.
He then passed the leadership mantle
to Crispinus Wekesa in the year 2008
in a crowning glory of a club that
10
Journalism club past Oracle publications
Zackary followed the footsteps of his
predecessors while manning the club
before welcoming Samuel Owino as
he bows out.
Currently the club is in the hands
of Evans Onchana under whose
“Saluting MMU graduates”
pace in
journalistic
excellence”
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies

MMU 1ST GRADUATION ISSUE, 2012
FACULTY OF MEDIA & COMMUNICATION
MEDIA ICON
PR PROFILES
Enquiries or Applications accompanied by copies of relevant academic qualifications can
be submitted to:
Registrar/ Academic Affairs,
Multimedia University College, P.O.BOX 15653 – 00503, NAIROBI.
“Saluting MMU graduates”
A world Class Centre of Excellence in Communication Technologies

FOR DETAILS ON MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF KENYA
Visit Website: www.mmu.ac.ke