IASPEI - Picture Gallery
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IUGG XXIV General Assembly July 2-13, 2007 Perugia, Italy (S) - IASPEI - International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior JSS009 Poster presentation 2066 Thermal neutrons' response to the earthquakes depending on the direction of their epicenter (based on Kamchatka observations) Dr. Ekaterina Sigaeva Space Physics Research Department Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Yuri Kuzmin, Oleg Nechaev Long-term ground-based observations have shown that thermal neutrons' flux is very sensitive regarding different processes both in the near-Earth space and in the Earth's crust due to the dual nature of the neutron flux near the Earth's surface. The first source of neutrons is bound up with the high-energy particles of cosmic rays, which produce neutrons in the interactions with the elements of the atmosphere. The second source originates from the natural radioactive gases of the Earth's crust. The calculations have shown that the impact of the second source strongly depends on geographical location of the observation point, i.e. on the local conditions of the gases' emission. One of the most promising applications of the thermal neutrons' observation is development of a new method for earthquake prediction. The observations in the seismic area of Kamchatka have shown that this region is very 'rich' in the neutrons' flux variations of different nature, including local effects (climate, weather, etc.) Therefore it's very important to separate the geodynamical variations from the rest. The analysis has shown that it's necessary to take into consideration not only the magnitude of the following earthquake and the remoteness of its epicenter from the experimental unit, but also the direction from the epicenter to the unit, and consequently the propagation path of the seismic waves. The paper presents the results of the neutrons' data analysis compared with the directions of the earthquakes' epicenters to the experimental unit. It is shown that for Kamchatka region there is a preferable direction along the boundary of the Pacific and Euro-Asian tectonic plates, and the majority of the strong earthquake with the epicenters in a sufficiently broad area along this boundary 'produce' the increased neutrons' flux at Kamchatka unit. Keywords: thermal neutron, epicenter direction
IUGG XXIV General Assembly July 2-13, 2007 Perugia, Italy (S) - IASPEI - International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior JSS010 2067 - 2092 Symposium Progress in electromagnetic studies on earthquakes and volcanoes - Seismo-electromagnetic studies using space technology Convener : Dr. Valerio Tramutoli, Prof. Ramesh Singh Co-Convener : Dr. Michel Parrot, Dr. Dimitar Ouzounov During the last decade, the possibilities have been shown that large events in the solid earth and oceans, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity and tsunamis, may affect the atmosphere and ionosphere through yet unresolved process the lithosphere-atmosphere-lithosphere (LAI) coupling. LAI coupling was postulated from ground-based observations associated with earthquakes. The recent investigations using multi satellite sensors have been actively pursued. Significant changes in total electron concentration (TEC) in the ionosphere, ground surface temperature anomaly by thermal infrared (TIR) emission and/or cloud cover associated with several large earthquakes have been observed over the epicentral region. Latest observations from the DEMETER satellite seem to provide evidence of Very Low Frequency (VLF) electrical and magnetic signals prior to some earthquakes. However, convincing results are still insufficient and the physical understanding of the link between the solid earth processes and surface/atmospheric/ionospheric precursory events is largely unclear. Topics to be discussed in this session include: 1) Case studies of satellite observation related to seismo-electromagnetic observations comparison with ground-based observations; 2) Theory on the physical mechanism of the connection between the process in the earth crust and atmospheric-ionospheric phenomena prior to main earthquakes; 3) Thermal infrared (TIR) emission phenomena, cloud cover and TEC anomalies, possibly related to major earthquakes, and volcanic/geothermal activities and their comparisons with groundbased relevant data, such as meteorological, radon emission and ionosonde data; 4) Possible usefulness of space technology in tsunami early warning.
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IUGG XXIV General Assembly July 2-13, 2007 Perugia, Italy<br />
(S) - <strong>IASPEI</strong> - International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's<br />
Interior<br />
JSS009 Poster presentation 2066<br />
Thermal neutrons' response to the earthquakes depending on the direction<br />
of their epicenter (based on Kamchatka observations)<br />
Dr. Ekaterina Sigaeva<br />
Space Physics Research Department Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics<br />
Yuri Kuzmin, Oleg Nechaev<br />
Long-term ground-based observations have shown that thermal neutrons' flux is very sensitive<br />
regarding different processes both in the near-Earth space and in the Earth's crust due to the dual<br />
nature of the neutron flux near the Earth's surface. The first source of neutrons is bound up with the<br />
high-energy particles of cosmic rays, which produce neutrons in the interactions with the elements of<br />
the atmosphere. The second source originates from the natural radioactive gases of the Earth's crust.<br />
The calculations have shown that the impact of the second source strongly depends on geographical<br />
location of the observation point, i.e. on the local conditions of the gases' emission. One of the most<br />
promising applications of the thermal neutrons' observation is development of a new method for<br />
earthquake prediction. The observations in the seismic area of Kamchatka have shown that this region<br />
is very 'rich' in the neutrons' flux variations of different nature, including local effects (climate, weather,<br />
etc.) Therefore it's very important to separate the geodynamical variations from the rest. The analysis<br />
has shown that it's necessary to take into consideration not only the magnitude of the following<br />
earthquake and the remoteness of its epicenter from the experimental unit, but also the direction from<br />
the epicenter to the unit, and consequently the propagation path of the seismic waves. The paper<br />
presents the results of the neutrons' data analysis compared with the directions of the earthquakes'<br />
epicenters to the experimental unit. It is shown that for Kamchatka region there is a preferable direction<br />
along the boundary of the Pacific and Euro-Asian tectonic plates, and the majority of the strong<br />
earthquake with the epicenters in a sufficiently broad area along this boundary 'produce' the increased<br />
neutrons' flux at Kamchatka unit.<br />
Keywords: thermal neutron, epicenter direction
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