Lecture handout including QS - Department of Materials Science ...
Lecture handout including QS - Department of Materials Science ...
Lecture handout including QS - Department of Materials Science ...
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BH2 Course B: <strong>Materials</strong> for Devices BH2<br />
Synopsis <strong>of</strong> Course B<br />
1. Liquid Crystals & Polarized Light: rigid polymer molecules, nematic structures, the order<br />
parameter. Plane polarized light and birefringence. Permitted vibration directions, optical path<br />
difference & phase difference, Polarized Light Microscopy.<br />
2. Birefringence in Liquid Crystals: the Michel-Levy chart, extinction positions, compensators.<br />
Schlieren texture and disclinations. Smectic and chiral / cholesteric liquid crystals. Liquid Crystal<br />
Displays.<br />
3. An Introduction to Polymer Structure: repeated monomer units, long chain molecules,<br />
methods <strong>of</strong> representation. Conformation, flexibility, molecular size. Side groups, tacticity,<br />
microstructure & properties. Crystallinity in polymers.<br />
4. Dielectrics: polarisation mechanisms, permittivity & dielectric constant, capacitance. Symmetry &<br />
properties.<br />
5. Polarisation; Piezo-, and Pyro-electrics: Piezoelectric motor & generator effect, pyroelectric<br />
applications.<br />
6. Ferroelectricity: polarisation & structure, switching, phase transitions in BaTiO 3<br />
. Dipole<br />
ordering & domains, domain walls, poling.<br />
7. Ferroelectric Hysteresis & Applications: domain reversal & hysteresis loops. FE memory<br />
devices, materials requirements. PZT phase diagram.<br />
8. The Origin <strong>of</strong> Magnetism: electron orbitals & spin; dia-, para-, ferro-, antiferro- & ferrimagnetism.<br />
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy, domain formation, shape anisotropy, magnetostriction.<br />
9. Ferromagnets: domains and domain walls, ferromagnetic hysteresis. Tailoring magnetic<br />
properties for applications. Ferrimagnetism: the spinel & inverse spinel structures & magnetite.<br />
10. Solid Ionic Conducting <strong>Materials</strong>: conduction in solids, vacancy mediated ion hopping,<br />
activation energy, ion flux. Diffusion current (concentration gradient) & drift current (electric field).<br />
11. Solid State Ionic Conductors: the Nernst-Einstein equation. Arrhenius plots and ion<br />
conductivity. Yttrium stabilized zirconia, formation <strong>of</strong> oxygen vacancies. Oxygen concentration cell.<br />
12. Applications <strong>of</strong> Ionic Conductors: Lambda sensor, oxygen pump, fuel cells. <strong>Materials</strong><br />
requirements, the hydrogen economy.
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