Lecture handout including QS - Department of Materials Science ...

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Contents Introduction 1 Magnetic Materials 36 Synopsis 2 Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism 36 Text Books & Websites 3 Ferro-, Antiferro-, Ferrimagnetism 37 Ferromagnetic Materials 38 Liquid Crystals 4 Curie temperature 38 Nematic Liquid Crystal structure 4 Magnetocrystalline anisotropy 38 Polarized Light 6 Domain formation 38 Birefringence & Polarized Light Microscopy 8 Shape Anisotropy 39 The Michel-Levy Chart 10 Magnetostriction 39 Extinction Positions & Domain wall, Bloch wall 39 Permitted Vibration Directions 11 Ferromagnetic Hysteresis 40 Determination of Sign of Birefringence 11 Aside on magnetic parameters 42 Birefringence in Liquid Crystals 11 Hysteresis loops: hard versus soft 42 Further types of Liquid Crystals: Ferrimagnetism & Spinel Structure 43 Smectic & Chiral Nematic 12 Inverse Spinel Structure 43 Liquid Crystal Displays 14 Solid Ionic Conducting Materials 44 An Introduction to Polymer Structures 16 (a) Diffusion Current 45 Flexible chains: conformation 17 (b) Drift Current 46 How big is a polymer molecule 19 Nernst-Einstein Equation 46 Examples of common polymers 20 Solid State Ionic Conductors 48 Polymer Microstructure & Properties 21 Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia, YSZ 48 Crystallinity 22 δ-Bi 2 O 3 48 Applications 49 Dielectric Properties of Materials 23 1. Oxygen Concentration cell 49 Polarisation Mechanisms 23 Lambda Sensor 50 Polarisation & Capacitance 23 2. Oxygen Pump 51 Dipole formation & Symmetry 25 3. Fuel Cell 51 Piezoelectrics 27 The hydrogen economy 53 Pyroelectrics 28 Ferroelectrics 29 Glossary 54 Polarisation & Structure 29 Phase Transitions in BaTiO 3 30 Switchable Dipoles 31 Dipole ordering & Domains 32 Reversible Polarisation, hysteresis 33 Applications, memory device 34 PZT 35
BH1 Course B: Materials for Devices BH1 Course B: Materials for Devices The functional properties of materials, such as magnetism, polarization and conduction, are intimately related to their crystal structure. Furthermore, many of these properties are also anisotropic – meaning that they are dependent upon the specific direction within a crystal structure. It is imperative that we understand these structure–property links in order to understand fully materials properties, and be able to control and optimize these properties. Only through such an understanding can we hope to exploit the full range of possible device and materials applications, keep coming up with smaller and smaller music systems, faster computers, and overcome some of the environmental issues currently troubling the world. The course begins with the remarkable properties of Liquid Crystals: somewhere between liquids (isotropic, no long range order) and crystals (anisotropic and ordered). The anisotropy of liquid crystals leads to important optical effects, which are exploited in display technology.
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Qu. Sheet 5 MATERIALS SCIENCE BQ1 C
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Qu.Sheet 8 MATERIALS SCIENCE BQ4 Co
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Lecture handout including QS - Department of Materials Science ...

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