Water SolutionS Desalination - X-Flow

EXPERTISE IN
DESALINATION
Water Solutions
Desalination

Seawater
desalination
Desalination is the
process of removing
salt and other minerals
from water in order to
produce fresh water
suitable for human
consumption. It is an
increasingly important
practice to secure clean
water in a number of
countries.
The rising population and living standards,
growing economies and changes in climate
patterns are putting a serious stress on the
world’s fresh water supplies. The earth’s
hydrologic cycle provides a fixed supply of
fresh water while global demand is growing
rapidly.
With its pioneering focus on developing
cost-effective, yet sustainable ways of
providing fresh water for human use in
regions where the availability of water is
limited, Pentair has firmly established its
desalination expertise and technologies.
Pentair´s technologies, know-how and
insights are specifically geared towards
reducing energy consumption, withstanding
the highly corrosive and aggressive nature
of seawater as well as improving the water
quality standard.
THE DESALINATION PROCESS
The growth in membrane technology has
made reverse osmosis (RO) the most
commonly used technology in desalination
throughout the world.
Pre-treatment
Seawater is pressurized and fed to a system
that contains semi-permeable membranes.
Clean water permeates through the
membranes while dissolved minerals, such
as salt and organic substances are retained
by the membranes. This results in two
water streams: one of clear, desalted water
and one of reject water that continuously
flushes the concentrated salt solution out of
the membrane system. Approximately 35 to
50 percent of the feed stream is converted
to clean water while the remainder of the
feed stream, with all of the minerals, is
returned to the ocean.
In order to optimize a desalination system
for the best water quality with minimal
energy consumption and maximum
protection against corrosion one should
pay close attention to system efficiency
(pumps), system fouling (pre-treatment
with multimedia filter or ultrafiltration
membranes) and re-mineralization
(post-treatment with CO 2
injection for pH
correction).
7
CO 2
Fresh Water
advanced pump technology
General Introduction
In order to achieve optimal system
efficiency, specialized pumps are
needed between the various steps of the
desalination process. The system design
must assure uninterrupted flows with
minimal energy consumption and deal
effectively with the corrosive and aggressive
nature of seawater.
Since each desalination plant has a specific
design and characteristics, Pentair’s
pump manufacturers – Fairbanks Morse
and Nijhuis Pompen – appropriate their
pump design to deliver the specific
capacity and head needed with maximum
reliability, flexibility and durability. Coupled
with its energy efficiency performance,
Pentair pump technology reduces energy
consumption to the minimum required to
consistently operate a specific desalination
system.
Pentair’s desalination pumps are made
of high quality duplex or super duplex to
offer the durability needed for distributing
highly corrosive and abrasive seawater.
Since the RO technology will be the future
technology for desalination processes, the
focus here lies on this technology. However,
the mentioned pumps are also suitable for
thermal desalination technology.
Vertical Turbine Pump
Pumps in the desal process
Pentair offers a wide range of pump
types, built to international standards and
customer specification for the different
steps in the desalination process:
1 - Water Intake/filter feed pump
Typically a vertical turbine or horizontal
pump supplying sea- or brackish water to
the plant - pump type HMF, Venus and VDL,
FM7000, FM 2800/5800.
2 - Filter backwash pump
Typically a horizontal pump which supplies
water for backwash cleaning of the filters -
pump type HMF and NC, FM2400/5700.
3 - lp Booster pump
Provides pressure to the high pressure
pumps to avoid NPSH problems (cavitation)
- pump type HMF, NC and Venus,
FM2800/5800.
4 - High pressure pump (HPP)
Typically an axial or radial split multistage
pump which feeds the water through the
first pass RO membranes.
5 - Flushing pump
Flushes the membranes and HPP in case
of long term stop of the plant - pump type
HMF and NC, FM2400/5700.
6 - RO Cleaning pump
Circulates cleaning agent for system
cleaning - pump type HMF and NC, FM3800.
7 - ERD (energy recovery device) booster
pump
Boosts the water from the ERD to the RO
membranes - pump type NCZ.
8 - Product water transfer pump
Transfers permeate water to storage
and/or distribution network - pump type
HMF, NC, Venus and VDL, FM 2800/5800,
FM2400/5700, FM7000.
Water pump types
The below mentioned specific
characteristics make Pentair pumps highly
suitable for desalination processes.
Benefits
• Highest efficiencies by designing the
pump’s BEP to customer duty point
• Appropriated material selections to the
demanding water qualities including
duplex stainless steels
• Reliable and proven pump designs reduce
maintenance costs
• Maintenance friendly
- back pull out design for process
pumps ensures easy access
- axial split design for easy access of
the split case pump.
• Space saving vertical configurations of
the process pumps reduce footprint
Vertical turbine pumps
(Type VDL, FM7000)
This pump is used for the seawater intake.
With this pump Pentair offers optimal
solutions to various intake methods (using
e.g. CFD or scale model tests).
Low pressure end suction pumps
(Type HMF, NC, FM2400/5700)
In the desalination process these pump
types are used as filter feed pumps, filter
backwash pumps or flushing pumps.
High pressure end suction pumps
(Type NCZ)
This pump functions as an ERD (energy
recovery device) booster pump.
Split case pumps
(type venus, fm2800/5800)
This pump is mainly used as filter feed or
HP booster pump or as product transfer
pump. The double suction configuration is
suitable for limited NPSHa.
High pressure membrane feed pump (HHP)
These horizontally mounted heavy duty
pumps can meet the high pressures that
RO plants require, especially for seawater
- they are considered the heart of an RO
plant.
1
6
Re-mineralization
or pH adjustment
8
2 3
SEAWATER
5 4
Reverse
Osmosis
Process
Fresh water
storage
Low Pressure End Suction Pump High Pressure End Suction Pump Double Suction Split Case Pump
High Pressure Membrane Feed Pump
2 D E S A L IN AT I O N 3

Pre-treatment
Solutions
Seawater Pre-treatment
with membrane technology
Water from different sources will have
variety of contaminants like suspended
solids, colloidal matters, organics, hardness
etc. All these contaminants will decrease
the efficiency or increase the running cost
of your desalting membrane system’s,
incases even break-down your system. It
is very important to select correct pretreatment
and pre-treat your water to feed
water limiting conditions before feeding into
the system.
Pentair offers a wide range of media and
cartridge based packaged pre-treatment
solutions including Multimedia Filters,
Activated Carbon Filters, Softeners,
Cartridge Filtration and AquaLine High
Flow Filtration system. All systems are
designed, manufactured, assembled and
tested in-house to ensure total system
integrity and performance.
AquaLine Liquid Filtration System
AquaLine liquid filtration systems are
ergonomically designed using Pentair
proprietary FRP housing and cartridge filter
elements. They provide superior flow rates,
corrosion resistant, lesser footprint and
long lasting performance:
Rugged design and lower cost alternative
8-inch diameter fiberglass housing
with a rugged construction that provide
long lasting performance. They deliver
superior flow rates and are a cost-effective
alternative to steel equivalents, offering
about 25 percent to 50 percent in cost
savings.
Labor-saving quick change design
AquaLine Housings with quick change
design allow operators to access and
change out cartridges in a matter of
minutes. A single AquaLine element can
be changed while the whole system stays
online, eliminating the additional cost
incurred for system downtime.
Vertical rack system saves valuable floor
space
The compact vertical rack design saves
valuable floor space; skids are also
available with isolation valves which
eliminate system shut down to change filter
element.
High performance media technology
The AquaLine pleated cartridge with an
outside-in flow provides maximum flow
rates with the lowest possible pressure
drop. The extended surface media provides
longer element life, fewer filter changeouts.
The cartridge is available in 6.75-inch
diameter and 60-inch length and different
micron rating of 1, 5, 10 and 20 microns.
automatic multmedia filter
Automatic Multimedia Filter (MMF) from
Pentair Equipment Solutions are designed
with unique Pentair proprietary components
that provide light weight, corrosion
resistant, easy to operate and versatile MMF
units.
• Pentair manufactured “Structural” brand
FRP tanks
- Superior corrosion resistance
- Light weight & easy to Install
• Pentair manufactured “Aquamatic”
control valves
- Low pressure drop due to unique
y-pattern diaphragm valve design
- Positive control due to separate flow
and control chambers.
- Corrosion resistant and better
diaphragm life
• Pentair manufactured “Aquamatic” stager
controls
- Long maintenance free operation
as it is constructed from durable
and no-corroding, self lubricating
material
- Microprocessor based design
allows for electronic monitoring of
the water used
- Programming capability which
allows fine tuning of operation
based on applications
cartridge filtration system
Cartridge filtration and separation solutions
from Pentair Equipment Solutions are
designed using advanced technology and
customized solutions to complement your
broad range of applications.
Multi-Round Cartridge Filter
• Designed for ease in handling, changeover
and use
• Clamp, Flange & Davit designs to suit
different requirements
• Mirror polished finish on Outer & Inner
surface
• Durable housings for commercial,
industrial and municipal applications
Cartridge Filter Elements (MBL)
• Efficiency greater than 90 percent
• 100 percent polypropylene with better
chemical compatibility
• No surfactants, binders or adhesives
used in production
• High dirt holding capacity and low
pressure drop
• NSF 42 certified
The RO membranes used
for the desalination of
sea- or brackish water are
susceptible to biological
fouling and plugging with
fine silt. Therefore, pretreatment
of the water is
necessary to improve RO
efficiency, and to reduce
energy consumption,
maintenance costs and
production losses. Dedicated
seawater ultrafiltration
membranes function as
a single barrier, with a
low chemical and energy
consumption and a relatively
small overall system
footprint.
Pentair X-Flow offers two dedicated
solutions for seawater reverse osmosis
(SWRO) pre-treatment systems:
• Seaguard (horizontal configuration)
• Seaflex (vertical configuration)
advantages of UF pre-treatment
Seaguard and Seaflex feature hollow
fiber UF membranes that provide a
highly effective single barrier to keep
RO membranes free from fouling. Both
seawater-dedicated UF membrane modules
remove all fine silt and turbidity and retain
microorganisms that would otherwise
come in contact with, and grow on the RO
membranes.
Pentair X-Flow’s UF membranes operate
at low pressure with very low energy
consumption while achieving a high output
of clean water making UF membrane
technology the most cost-effective choice
for SWRO pre-treatment. The specialized
membrane geometry and characteristics
of Seaguard and Seaflex ensure that both
systems produce the highest quality SWRO
feed water.
For small to large installations
Pentair X-Flow’s vertical and horizontal
membrane configurations allow you to
select the best-suited solution for your
desalination plant.
Matching the system with your feed water
quality, site layout and need for system
redundancy reduces installation and
operating costs.
The horizontal Seaguard system features
the only UF membranes with RO style
membrane housings. This allows for use at
elevated pressure (>2.5 bar/36 psi), which
enables an in-line design with direct feed
into SWRO high-pressure pumps (direct
coupling). Additional benefits are the
compact footprint, the accessibility
of the membranes, and the ease of
commissioning.
These benefits make the Seaguard system
the ideal choice for large-scale desalination
plants and the most applied SWRO UF
membrane available on the market.
The vertically installed Seaflex membranes do
not need membrane housings, which reduces
CAPEX. Flexible layout options are available
with the modular Seaflex skids. The system
works in a wide range of operating and
cleaning modes making Seaflex membranes
the ideal choice for small and medium size
applications in areas with poor feed water
quality and for retrofitting existing lowpressure
membrane systems.
Seaflex
Seaguard
Module orientation Vertical Horizontal
Filtration mode Inside-out Inside-out
Mode of operation Feed-and-bleed or dead-end Dead-end
Membrane material PES/PVP PES/PVP
Membrane diameter 0.8 mm/31 mil. 0.8 mm/31 mil.
Maximum pore size < 50 nm < 50 nm
Membrane housings - RO style membrane housings
Inline operation with perm. pressure < 2,5 bar @ 40 °C/ 104 °F < 6 bar @ 40 °C/104 °F
4 D E S A L IN AT I O N 5

proven skid design
With Pentair X-Flow’s standardized
seawater skids, equipped with our
membrane technology, you have superior
system performance backed by the
proven expertise of the leading global UF
membrane manufacturer.
Benefits
• UF provides high quality feed water
• Decreases SWRO fouling
• Reduces SWRO operation energy use
• Lowers chemical consumption for
SWRO CIP
• Lengthens SWRO membrane life
• Higher plant availability
• No cartridge filters in case of in-line
operation
• Compact footprint
• Robust and reliable system without
operator intervention
• Lowers CAPEX and OPEX
CodeLine TM Membrane Housings
CodeLine is the world’s leading brand
of membrane housings built to maximize
the performance of your water purification
systems. For over three decades,
CodeLine has been setting standards in
the industry and is the most trusted brand
in critical and demanding applications
like desalination, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration
and ultrafiltration.
codeline ® advantages
CodeLine membrane housings offer
significant advantages over other similar
membrane housings.
• Side ports with flat sealing surface for
minimized leakage.
• Unique quick lock head retention system
for quick access to membranes.
• Mirror ID finish plus a precision bore
delivers better membrane sealing and
ease in membrane loading and unloading.
• Durable and superior corrosion resistant,
composite construction.
• Threaded side ports for quick and easy
onsite maintenance and serviceability.
• Failsafe shell enables the vessel to
weep at four times the design pressure
preventing catastrophic failure,
qualification pressure exceeds six times
the design pressure providing better
safety.
• Multi-porting option allows vessels to be
connected together cutting down
investment on expensive manifolds,
better alignment and faster installation.
• High flow vessels with bigger size ports
up to 4” IPS grooved allow multiple
vertical connections, saving floor space.
• Single piece high grade glass-filled head
assembly for commercial applications
(up to 600 psi), no component
assembly, and no leaks.
Post-treatment:
CO 2
injection,
pH correction
Pentair Haffmans offers sustainable
solutions for the post-treatment of water
coming from the RO process.
Re-mineralization is the process needed to
make the RO water drinkable. Conventional
methods such as adding chemicals fail to
deliver the required permeate water quality.
Pentair Haffmans’ CO 2
injection system
adjusts the ph value and allows the calcium
(Ca + ) ion to re-create some hardness and
alkalinity in the water.
Pentair Haffmans provides both the CO 2
injection system as well as complete CO 2
injection packages for pH control including:
• CO 2
combustion plants for an economic
production of CO 2
• CO 2
storage facilities for uninterrupted
CO 2
supply
• CO 2
carbonation skids for an efficient
injection of CO 2
• CO 2
dosing systems for process
optimization and excellent water quality
customized turnkey co 2
solutions
Pentair Haffmans provides CO 2
solutions
that perfectly fit desalination project
requirements. Our custom-designed CO 2
dosing and injection systems allow for
dosing capacities up to 1,500 kg/h and
customer-specific system configuration.
From the basic design through
manufacturing and commissioning of the
CO 2
system Pentair Haffmans helps you
achieve maximum plant efficiency as your
one-stop partner.
Benefits
• CO 2
as non-toxic, nonhazardous additive
to drinking water
• CO 2
self-sufficiency, independence from
suppliers
• Customized turnkey solutions
6 D E S A L IN AT I O N 7

WATER SOLUTIONS
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