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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of changing cultivation systems on the landscape structure of La Gamba 61 compact shaped landscape patches (O’Neill et al. 1988). With exception of section Bonito 2 all rural sections had higher fractal dimensions than forests. Due to the inclusion of linear landscape elements these high values indicate rather a high density of linear elements than a high complexity of the matrix. The comparison of AREA and PD clearly showed differences in the configuration of the patch types. Primary forests had the biggest extend, but comprised only few patches. Secondary forests were characterized by a much smaller AREA and clearly higher PD because most of these forests were formerly used as pastures. Riparian vegetation covered only smaller areas, but showed a relatively high PD because many small patches and strips of remnant riparian forests were present along the riversides. The expansion of oil palm plantations causes considerable changes in the landscape matrix. Pasture-dominated parts were richer in ecologically valuable elements such as live fences and riparian vegetation, while within and along oil palm plantations mainly ecologically futile elements such as roads and drainage ditches were found. Compared to pastures plantations had a bigger AREA, but lower PD which reflects that they are labor-intensive permanent cultures of great extend. The land use map (see Figure 1) shows that, conversely to pastures, oil palm plantations were never divided and scarcely bordered by live fences. Hence, the expansion of these plantations involves the risk of a simplification of landscapes and the loss of small natural landscape elements in agricultural areas. This can lead to a significant reduction or shift of the biodiversity in tropical ecosystems affected by oil palm plantations. Oil palms are a globally rapidly expanding crop which has already replaced large areas of natural forest in many tropical countries such as Malaysia or Indonesia and this progress is still going on. These plantations entail many other problems such as habitat fragmentation, pollution, loss of biodiversity and soil destruction. Because oil palms are unsuitable habitat for most forest species they can act as severe barrier to animal movement (Fitzherbert et al. 2008). To maintain the exchange of plants and animals between the forest areas surrounding the village La Gamba, the conservation of live fences and other natural habitats is of great importance. As the mean patch area of pastures was relatively big (2.52 ha) and the density of live fences was rather low (20.0 m per ha farmland) more live fences could be established by dividing pastures into smaller paddocks (Höbinger 2010). This measure would improve the connectivity of forest patches, increase the tree cover within farmland, and provide a high conservation value of the agricultural landscape mosaic in its unconnected gallery forests (Seaman and Schulze 2009). References Botequilha Leitão, A.B., Miller, J., Ahern, J. and McGarigal, K., 2006. Measuring Landscapes. A Planner's Handbook. Island Press, Washington DC, 272 p. Cushman, S.A., McGarigal, K. and Neel, M.C., 2008. Parsimony in landscape metrics: Strength, universality, and consistency. Ecological Indicators, 8: 691–703. Fitzherbert, E.B, Struebig, M.J., Morel, A., Danielsen, F., Brühl, C.A., Donald, P.F., and Phalan, B., 2008. How will oil palm expansion affect biodiversity Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23: 538-545. Harvey, C.A., Guindon, C.F., Haber, W.A., Hamilton DeRosier, D. and Murray, K.G., 2008a. La importancia de los fragmentos de bosque, los árboles dispersos y las cortinas rompevientos para la biodiversidad local y regional: el caso de Monteverde, Costa Rica. In: Harvey C.A. and Saénz J.C. (Eds.). Evaluación y conservación de biodiversidad en paisajes fragmentados de Mesoamérica. Santo Domingo de Heredia, Cosa Rica: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad. Costa Rica. INBio: 289-325. Harvey, C.A., Sáenz, J.C. and Montero, J., 2008b. Conservación de la biodiversidad en agropaisajes de Mesoamérica: ¿que hemos aprendido y qué nos falta conocer In: Harvey C.A. and Saénz J.C. (Eds.). Evaluación y conservación de biodiversidad en paisajes Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of changing cultivation systems on the landscape structure of La Gamba 62 fragmentados de Mesoamérica. Santo Domingo de Heredia, Cosa Rica: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad. Costa Rica. INBio: 579-596. Harvey, C.A., Villanueva, C., Villacís, J., Chacón, M., Munoz, D., López, M., Ibrahim, M., Gómez, R., Taylor, R., Martinez, J., Navas, A., Saenz, J., Sánchez, D., Medina, A., Vilchez, S., Hernández, B., Perez, A., Ruiz, F., Lang, I., Sinclair, F. L., 2005. Contribution of live fences on the ecological integrity of agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 111: 200–230. Höbinger, T., 2010. Land use, landscape configuration and live fences in an agricultural area in southern Costa Rica: proposals for improving landscape structure and establishment of biological corridors. Diploma Thesis. University of Vienna. Kappelle, M., Castro, M.A.H., Gonzáles, F. and Monge, H., 2003. Ecosystemas del Área de Conservación Osa (ACOSA) - Ecosystems of the Osa Conservation Area (ACOSA). Santo Domingo de Heredia, Cosa Rica: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, INBio. Klingler, M., 2007. Wirtschafts- und siedlungsstruktureller Wandel und seine Folgen in der Gemeinde La Gamba, Golfo Dulce Region, Costa Rica. Diploma Thesis. University of Innsbruck. Li, H. and Wu, J., 2004. Use and misuse of landscape metrics. Landscape Ecology, 19: 389– 399. McGarigal, K. and Marks, B., 1995. FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscape Structure. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW- GTR-351. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland. Morera, C., Romero, M., Avenado, D. and Zuniga, A., 2005. Evaluación Socioambiental del área de amortiguamiento Este del Parque Piedras Blancas y La Reserva de Vida Silvestre Golfito. Revista Geográfica de América Central. Universidad Central. O'Neill, R.V., Krummel, J.R., Gardner, R.H., Sugihara, G., Jackson, B., DeAgelis, D.L., Milne, B.T., Turner, M.G., Zygmunt, B., Christensen, S.W., Dale, V.H. and Graham, R.L., 1988. Indices of landcape pattern. Landscape Ecology, 1: 153–162. R Development Core Team, 2007. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical. Version 2.6.0. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.orgH (last accessed: 23. October 2009). Schindler, S., Poirazidis, K. and Wrbka, T., 2008. Towards a core set of landscape metrics for biodiversity assessments: A case study from Dadia National Park, Greece. Ecology Indicators, 8: 502–514. Schindler, S., Kati, V., Von Wehrden, H., Wrbka, T. and Poirazidis, K., 2009. Landscape metrics as biodiversity indicators for plants, insects and vertebrates at multiple scales. In: Breu, J., Kozová, M. and Finka, M. (Eds.), European Landscapes in Transformation: Challenges for Landscape Ecology and Management. European IALE Conference 2009 12-16 Jul 2009, Salzburg, Austria & Bratislava, Slovakia: 228-231. Seaman, B.S. and Schulze, C.H., 2009. The importance of gallery forests in the tropical lowlands of Costa Rica for understorey forest birds. Biological Conservation, 143: 391- 398. Turner, M.G, Gardner, R.H. and O’Neill, R.V., 2001. Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice. Pattern and Process. Springer-Verlag, New York. Uuemaa, E., Antrop, M., Roosaare, J., Marja, R. and Mander, Ü., 2009. Landscape Metrics and Indices: An overview of Their Use in Landscape Research. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 3, (2009), 1. http://www.livingreviews.org/lrlr-2009-1H (last accessed 11. November 2009). Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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Page 52 and 53: S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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Page 74 and 75: T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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Page 90 and 91: H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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Page 94 and 95: C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
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G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
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E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
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M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
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J.O. López-Martínez et al. 2010.
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Modeling lan
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R.S. Moro & T.K. Pereira 2010. Eval
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R.S. Moro & C.H Rocha 2010. A metho
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V. Núñez et al. 2010. Landscape i
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S.G. Plexida & A.I. Sfougaris 2010.
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A. Poljanec & A. Boncina 2010. Chan
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M. Redon & S. Luque 2010. Tengmalm
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M.C.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Contr
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M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
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T.N. Terra & R.F dos Santos 2010. L
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E. Tetetla-Rangel et al. 2010. Rela
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M. Tsibulnikova 2010. Economic esti
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M. Akbarzadeh & E. Kouhgardi 2010.
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B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
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B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
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J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
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S.M. Carvalho & A.R. de Freitas 201
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Quant
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I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
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J.S.V. Filho & M.L. Leite 2010. Sim
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F.J. Gómez et al. 2010. Land use c
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L.Leite & J.S.V. Filho 2010. Iden
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M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
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G. Puddu et al. 2010. Landscape tra
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H.R. Ratsimba et al. 2010. Multi-sc
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. L
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J. Schaefer-Santos & C. Lingnau 201
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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J. Superson et al. 2010. The defore
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A.L. Teixido et al. 2010. Impacts o
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H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Assessin
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H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Mapping
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Section 6 Tools of landscape assess
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N. Avani et al. 2010. Investigation
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J.C. Azevedo et al. 2010. Spatial d
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T. Batista et al. 2010. The third d
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V. Caboun 2010. New classification
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A.M. Carvalho et al. 2010. Connecti
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M. Deconchat et al. 2010. Identific
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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A.M. Geraldes 2010. Landscape runof
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A.M. Geraldes & M.J. Boavida 2010.
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K. Koschke et al. 2010. Using a mul
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Assessing
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A. Matos et al. 2010. Economic valu
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A. Migliozzi et al. 2010. Land-use
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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Section 7 Management and sustainabi
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P. Angelstam & M. Elbakidze. 2010.
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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M. Elbakidze et al. 2010. Does fore
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F. Fonseca & T. de Figueiredo 2010.
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A. Gil-Tena et al. 2010. Disentangl
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M.B. Horta & E. Keizer 2010. Assess
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E. Kouhgardi & M. Akbarzadeh 2010.
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Schimanski 2010. The importance
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L.A.M. da Silva & E. Shimanki 2010.
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N. Stryamets et al. 2010. Role of n
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E. Volkova 2010. The regional analy
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I. Löfström et al. 2010. Biodiver
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I. Löfström et al. 2010. Biodiver
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A.C.R. de Oliveira & S.M. Carvalho
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I. Silva et al. 2010. Lisbon’s pu
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Section 9 Symposia
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Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
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Measures of landscape structure as
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E.R. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Multi
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J.L. Hernández-Stefanoni et al. 20
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E. Uuemaa et al. 2010. Spatial grad
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E. Penot 2010. Socio-economic diagn
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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S. Decout et al. 2010. Connectivity
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S. Joost et al. 2010. GEOME. Toward
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S.R. Freitas et al. 2010. The effec
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B. Terrones et al. 2010. Detecting
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M. Kolström et al. 2010. Is it pos
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J.P. Nunes et al. 2010. Impacts of
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Management and conservation of Medi
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P.M. Fernandes et al. 2010. Testing
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E. Andrieu et al. 2010. When forest
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D. Geni et al. 2010. A framework fo
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A. Ouin et al. 2010. Do wooded elem
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C. Estreguil & G. Caudullo 2010. Ha
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J.M. Rey Benayas 2010. Restoration
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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