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A. Ouin et al. 2010. Do wooded elements in agricultural landscape contribute to biological control in crops 726 hoverfly abundance (eggs+larvae) in wheat fields between the wooded and non wooded landscapes. Compared with poorly wooded landscapes, landscapes with 27% of wood landcover seemed to shelter higher hoverfly abundance during one of the key-periods for the aphid population dynamics (early spring), thus providing them with higher potential regulation capabilities. Afterwards, the difference between hoverfly population abundances decreased during the season (Figure 1). Density of overwintering ground beetles in a woodlot We collected a total of 2014 ground beetles during the whole trapping period, belonging to 48 species. The total density of emerging ground beetles was four to five times higherin edges than in the inner areas of the woodlot and the mean number of species per trap was three times higher in edges than in the inner areas. Open habitats species overwintered only in the edges and not in the inner areas while the two other groups of species overwintered in all the woodlot but with a marked preference for the edges (Figure 2). 4. Discussion Our results show that woodlot edges are favourable for insect biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, by (i) favouring abundances of aphidophagous hoverflies in early spring in fields, and (ii) sheltering both high species richness and abundances of ground beetles. Positive influence of woodlot edges on these insect populations seems to occur mainly during the winter period, probably by offering local environmental conditions favourable to their overwintering. Identifying such landscape elements which favour overwintering of beneficial insects is of a particularly interest from the agronomic point of view of biological control of pests, for which early arrival of a natural enemy is required in spring (Honek, 1983; Tenhumberg & Poehling, 1995; Corbett in Pickett & Bugg, 1998). Aphidophagous hoverflies distribution and abundance prove to be dependent both on landscape parameters (Molthan, 1990), peculiar to forests and crop mosaic respectively, which act at different periods through the year and sometimes with a lasting effect. Indeed south forest edges proved to be important landscape elements for the overwintering of adult females of the beneficial aphidophagous hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus, particularly when spatially coupled with grasslands and fallows rich in floral resources (Arrignon et al., 2007). As for north forest edges, they also proved to enhance populations of adult E. balteatus emerging in spring since they are preferential overwintering sites for the larvae, probably because of higher density of aphid populations in the fall (Sarthou et al., 2005). For ground beetles, forest edges appeared as a major reservoir of specific diversity (numerous species and their individuals) potentially able to control some pest species in the nearby crop fields, even the forest species, which are the biggest ones and are reported to prey on slugs (Kromp, 1999; Symondson et al., 2002). Moreover, woodlot edges sheltered ground beetles species whose adults live and exert beneficial influence in crops but are not usually found in wooded habitats. The impacts of edge management on these populations and their ability to move from forest to crop have to be investigated in the future. These results offer new insights for pest regulation through landscape management, particularly by pointing the forest edges as other important landscape elements to add to well-known set-asides and hedges in the design of semi-natural element network in agricultural landscapes (Russel, 1989; Landis et al., 2000; Gurr et al., 2004). Undoubtedly, this 'landscaping' management of agroecosystems will benefit from a better ecological services-based knowledge of other landscape elements (natural grasslands, fallows, ditch edges…) at different spatial scales, and a better integration of this knowledge in crop management. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
A. Ouin et al. 2010. Do wooded elements in agricultural landscape contribute to biological control in crops 727 References Arrignon, F., M. Deconchat, J.-P. Sarthou, G. Balent and C. Monteil 2007. Modelling the overwintering strategy of a beneficial insect in a heterogeneous landscape using a multiagent system. Ecological Modelling 205: 423-436. Balent, G. and Courtiade, B. 1992. Modelling bird communities / landscape patterns relationships in a rural area of South-Western France. Landscape Ecology 6: 195-211. Corbett A., 1998. The importance of movements in the response of natural enemies to habitat manipulation. in Pickett C. H. & Bugg R. L. Enhancing biological control, University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1998, 422 p. Geiger, F., Wackers, F., Bianchi, F. J. J. A., 2009. Hibernation of predatory arthropods in seminatural habitats. Biocontrol 54, 529-535. Groeger, U., 1993. Investigations on the regulation of cereal aphid populations under the influence of the structure of agroecosystems. [German]. Agrarokologie, 6, 169 p. Gurr, M., Wratten, S. D. & Altieri, M. A., 2004. Ecological engineering for pest management: advances in habitat manipulation for arthropods. CAB International, 256 p. Honek, A., 1983. Factors affecting the distribution of larvae of aphid predators (Col., Coccinellidae and Dipt., Syrphidae) in cereal stands. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 95(4), 336-345. Jeannel, R., 1942. Coléoptères carabiques, I and II, Faune de France edn. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles, Paris. Kromp, B., 1999. Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture: a review on pest control efficacy, cultivation impacts and enhancement. Agriculture, Ecosystem, Environment 74, 187-228. Landis, D. A., Wratten, S. D. & Gurr, G. M., 2000. Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 45, 175-201. Luff, M. L., 2002. Carabid assemblage organization and species composition. In The agroecology of carabid beetles, ed. J. M. Holland, pp. 41-79. Intercept, Andover. Molthan, J., 1990. Composition, community structure and seasonal abundance of hoverflies (Dipt., Syrphidae) on field margin biotopes in the Hersian Ried. Mitt. dtsch. Ges. allg. Angew, Ent. 7: 368-379. Pfiffner, L., Luka, H., 2000. Overwintering of arthropods in soils of arable fields and adjacent semi-natural habitats. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 78, 215-222. Sarthou, J. P., A. Ouin, F. Arrignon, G. Barreau and B. Bouyjou (2005). "Landscape parameters explain the distribution and abundance of Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae)." European Journal of Entomology 102(3): 539-545. Sotherton, N. W., 1984. The Distribution and Abundance of Predatory Arthropods Overwintering on Farmland. Annals of Applied Biology 105, 423-429. Symondson, W. O. C., Sunderland, K. D., Greenstone, M. H., 2002. Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents Annual Review of Entomology 47, 561-594. Tenhumberg, B. & Poehling, H. M., 1995. Syrphids as natural enemies of cereal aphids in Germany: aspects of their biology and efficacy in different years and regions. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 52(1), 39-43. Thiele, H. U., 1977. Carabid beetles in their environments, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New-York. Thomas, C. F. G., Holland, J. M., Brown, N. J., 2002. The spatial distribution of carabid beetles in agricultural landscapes. In The agroecology of carabid beetles, ed. J. M. Holland, pp. 305-344. Intercept, Andover. Thomas, M. B., Wratten, S. D. & Sotherton N. W., 1992. Creation of “Island” habitats in farmland to manipulate populations of beneficial arthropods: predator densities and species composition. J. Appl. Ecol., 29: 524-531. Tscharntke T. & Kruess, A., 1999. Habitat fragmentation and biological control. In Theoretical Approaches to Biological Control , Hawkins B.A. & Cornell H.V. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 190-205. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. Th
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
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F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
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A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
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G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
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E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
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M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
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J.O. López-Martínez et al. 2010.
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Modeling lan
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R.S. Moro & T.K. Pereira 2010. Eval
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R.S. Moro & C.H Rocha 2010. A metho
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V. Núñez et al. 2010. Landscape i
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S.G. Plexida & A.I. Sfougaris 2010.
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M. Redon & S. Luque 2010. Tengmalm
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M.C.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Contr
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M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
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T.N. Terra & R.F dos Santos 2010. L
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E. Tetetla-Rangel et al. 2010. Rela
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M. Tsibulnikova 2010. Economic esti
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M. Akbarzadeh & E. Kouhgardi 2010.
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B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
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B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
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J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
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S.M. Carvalho & A.R. de Freitas 201
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Quant
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I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
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J.S.V. Filho & M.L. Leite 2010. Sim
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F.J. Gómez et al. 2010. Land use c
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L.Leite & J.S.V. Filho 2010. Iden
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M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
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G. Puddu et al. 2010. Landscape tra
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H.R. Ratsimba et al. 2010. Multi-sc
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. L
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J. Schaefer-Santos & C. Lingnau 201
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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J. Superson et al. 2010. The defore
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A.L. Teixido et al. 2010. Impacts o
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H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Assessin
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H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Mapping
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Section 6 Tools of landscape assess
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N. Avani et al. 2010. Investigation
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J.C. Azevedo et al. 2010. Spatial d
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T. Batista et al. 2010. The third d
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V. Caboun 2010. New classification
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A.M. Carvalho et al. 2010. Connecti
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M. Deconchat et al. 2010. Identific
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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A.M. Geraldes 2010. Landscape runof
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A.M. Geraldes & M.J. Boavida 2010.
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K. Koschke et al. 2010. Using a mul
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Assessing
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A. Matos et al. 2010. Economic valu
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A. Migliozzi et al. 2010. Land-use
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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Section 7 Management and sustainabi
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P. Angelstam & M. Elbakidze. 2010.
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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M. Elbakidze et al. 2010. Does fore
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F. Fonseca & T. de Figueiredo 2010.
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E. Kouhgardi & M. Akbarzadeh 2010.
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Schimanski 2010. The importance
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L.A.M. da Silva & E. Shimanki 2010.
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N. Stryamets et al. 2010. Role of n
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E. Volkova 2010. The regional analy
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Section 9 Symposia
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Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
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Measures of landscape structure as
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E.R. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Multi
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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S. Decout et al. 2010. Connectivity
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S. Joost et al. 2010. GEOME. Toward
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