Landscapes Forest and Global Change - ESA - Escola Superior ...

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P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. The influence of spatial structure on natural regeneration and biodiversity 57 Acknowledgements This research work has been done in the framework of GESBOME Project (RNM 1890) from the Excellence Research Group Programme of the Andalusian Government. Financial support was provided by Caja Madrid foundation to PGM and by postdoc contract (2007-0572) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to JLQ. We are also very grateful to TRAGSA for conducting the Forest Inventory and to Lorena Gómez Aparicio for her advices. References Brockerhoff, E. et al., 2008. Plantation forests and biodiversity: oxymoron or opportunity. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 925-951. FAO, 2006. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005- Progresss towards sustainable forest management. FAO. Rome, Italy. Gómez-Aparicio, L. et al., 2009. Are pine plantations valid tools for restoring Mediterranean forests An assessment along abiotic and biotic gradients. Ecological Applications 19: 2124-2141. Gustafson, E. J., 1998. Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What Is the State of the Art. Ecosystems 1: 143-156. Haralick, R. M., Shanmugam, K. and Dinstein, I., 1973. Textural features for image classification. IEEE Transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics smc-3: 610-621. Hepinstall, A., and Sader, S. A., 1997. Using Bayesian statistics, thematic mapper satellite imagery, and breeding bird survey data to model bird species probability of occurrence in Maine. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 63: 1231-1237. Hewitt, N. and Kellman, M., 2002. Tree seed dispersal among forest fragments: II. Dispersal abilities and biogeographical controls. Journal of Biogeography 29: 351-363. Hill, J. L. and Curran, P. J., 2003. Area, shape and isolation of tropical forest fragments: effects on tree species diversity and implications for conservation. Journal of Biogeography 30: 1391-1403. Li, H., and Zhang, Z., 2003. Effect of rodents on acorn dispersal and survival of the Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.). Forest Ecology and Management 176: 387-396. Lookingbill, T. R., and Zavala, M.A., 2000. Spatial Pattern of Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens Recruitment in Pinus halepensis Dominated Woodlands. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 607-612. Noss, R. F., 1990. Indicators for Monitoring Biodiversity: A Hierarchical Approach. Conservation Biology 4: 355-364. Ohsawa, T. et al., 2007. Steep slopes promote downhill dispersal of Quercus crispula seeds and weaken the fine-scale genetic structure of seedling populations. Annals of Forest Science 64: 405. Pausas, J. et al., 2004.Pines and oaks in the restoration of Mediterranean landscapes of Spain: New perspectives for an old practice — a review. Plant Ecology 171: 209-220. St-Louis, V. et al., 2006. High-resolution image texture as a predictor of bird species richness. Remote Sensing of Environment 105: 299-312. Turner, M. G. 1991., Quantitative methods in landscape ecology. Springer. Turner, M. G., Gardner, R. H. and O'Neill, R. V., 2001. Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process. New York: Springer-Verlag NY. White, W. et al., 2004. Seed dispersal to revegetated isolated rainforest patches in North Queensland. Forest Ecology and Management 192: 409-426 Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of changing cultivation systems on the landscape structure of La Gamba 58 Impact of changing cultivation systems on the landscape structure of La Gamba, southern Costa Rica Tamara Höbinger 1* , Stefan Schindler 1 & Anton Weissenhofer 2,3 1 Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation & Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria 2 Department of Structural and Functional Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria 3 Tropical Station La Gamba, Postal 178, Golfito/Puntarenas, Costa Rica Abstract Human activities often cause changes and homogenization in landscape structure. To investigate the human impact on a tropical agricultural landscape we mapped land cover and small-scale linear landscape elements in La Gamba (Costa Rica) and compared eight sections by different landscape metrics. Rural sections clearly differed from forests, especially pasture-dominated sections including many linear landscape elements and few big plantations. The largest and most compact patches belonged to primary and secondary forests. Conversely, cultivated landscapes were diverse comprising many small patches. Contrasting the results of other studies, most rural sections obtained higher fractal dimensions than forests, probably due to a higher density of linear landscape elements. Natural landscape elements such as live fences and riparian vegetation which are supporting wildlife movement between forests are declining. Their protection is of major importance, particularly as the globally increasing cultivation of oil palms is significantly altering the countryside of La Gamba and many other tropical land mosaics. Keywords: Costa Rica, Habitat fragmentation, La Gamba, Landscape metrics, Land use 1. Introduction Nowadays biodiversity is highly threatened by human activities in all tropical regions of the world (Kappelle et al. 2003). The loss and fragmentation of tropical forests and rapid changes in land use have great influence on the population dynamics of various native plant and animal species (e.g. Morera et al. 2005; Harvey et al. 2008b). By improving the ecological connectivity between forest patches and natural landscape elements in agricultural areas the problem of habitat fragmentation can be alleviated (Morera et al. 2005). Therefore, the presence of natural landscape elements, such as live fences, forest patches and gallery forests is of great importance for wildlife using cultivated areas (Harvey et al. 2005, 2008a; Seaman and Schulze 2009). The village “La Gamba” is situated at the edge of the Piedras Blancas National Park (southwest Costa Rica) and its agricultural area belongs to a zone that is important for wildlife exchange between forest areas. Since the founding of the village in the 1940s its economy has undergone several changes. Cattle breeding and rice production have always been important and large areas were deforested to gain farmland. From 1954 to 1961 bananas were the most common cash crop in La Gamba. During the great depression in the 1980s many plantations were abandoned, rice fields and pastures remained as the most common forms of land use (Klingler 2007). Nowadays * Corresponding author. Tel.: 0043-660-2568808 Email address: t.hoebinger@gmail.com Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Section 9 Symposia
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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Management and conservation of Medi
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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