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A.C.R. de Oliveira & S.M. Carvalho 2010. Urban tree inventory and socio-economic aspects of three villages of Ponta Grossa
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4. Result and Discussion
We covered 59 routes, which had 479 individual trees to the total. Of these, 29 were
identified at family level, 19 at genus level and 411 species, of which 27% are natives and 73%
exotic. Due to the absence of flowers and / or fruit (elements necessary for correct
identification) and the radical pruning, 20 tree specimens were not identified.
The species most often was the Lagerstroemia indica L., commonly known as the
Extremosa, the family Lythraceae, constituting 18% of total species (74 individuals).
The second species was the most present Ligustrum lucidum, Oleaceae family, with
15.32% followed by the species of Ficus benjamina Moraceae with 10.94%. It is noteworthy
that the species Ligustrum Lucidum had many conflicts with sidewalks, like Ficus benjamina,
which, because of its shallow root is not recommended for narrow forest roads. It is therefore
important to know the characteristics of the species for its correct use. It is also recommended to
research the species native to the area thereby avoiding the excessive use of exotic species.
For Santamur Junior (2002, apud Quadros, 2005) does not exceed more than 10% of the
same species, 20% of the same genus and 30% from the same botanical family. According to this
author, the species Lagerstroemia indica and Ligustrum lucidum exceeded the limit of tree
species recommended for health (18% and 15.32%, respectively). In relation to any botanical
families exceeded this parameter, the most frequent: Bignoniaceae with 16%, 15% Lythraceae,
Fabaceae with 14% and 13% to Oleaceae.
As surveyed, there are only 39 species in the arborization of the villages Esmeralda, Jardim
Carvalho and Vilela, predominantly exotic on the native. The three most common species
together represent 44.26% of the total cataloged.
The average distance from the curb found for the sampled population was 0.52 m. Value
lower than that found in other locations as those raised by Milano (1984, 1988 apud Loboda et al
2005) and Ng (1995 apud Loboda et al 2005), from 1.56 to Curitiba / PR, and 1.20 m Maringá /
PR , and 2.1 m for Cascavel / PR, respectively. The average distance from buildings (1.20 m) was
also a low rate when compared with the values found by Nunes (1995 apud Loboda et al 2005) in
Apucarana and Cascavel, respectively, 2.41 I 3.3 m, and Maringá, 1.47 m (ibid.). Data concerning
the average distance of trees to the curb and the buildings show an average width of 1.72 m for
the tours of the area sampled. Therefore, tours of small, should include trees, shrubs and small
trees, since the limited space hinders the development of afforestation.
The lack of planning of afforestation culminates in conflicts with urban facilities such as
the presence of spinning air, which is one of the most important factors when planning the
arborization. It was observed conflicts with the electric grid in 68 cases (28.57%), often having to
be done pruning, changing the natural shape of the tree also produces an anti-aesthetic.
The lack of free area and the choice for species with shallow root system eventually
undermine, among other urban facilities, the sidewalks, which end up and breaking. Therefore
one should choose a tree with deep roots, and leave at least 1m ² of space pavement that allow the
infiltration of water and nutrients (Santos and Teixeira, 2001), avoiding situations like breaking
sidewalks, which represent 148 cases (62.18%) found in the study area.
Another practice is deeply rooted in Brazil's painting trunks, and found 22 cases in the
sampled area. For Santos and Teixeira (2001) this practice provides dubious aesthetic effect and
can cause damage to health, as the bark of trees has its own defenses.
Among the 479 tree specimens found, 389 are located in the Jardim Carvalho and
Esmeralda Village, in other words, 81%, leaving only 90 for Vilela, or 19%. Therefore, making
a correlation, one realizes that the urban environmental quality also reflects income inequality,
as stated Berto (2008). With the socio-economic data from the IBGE this paper, the social
disparity between the villages Esmeralda / Jardim Carvalho and Vilela was evident, with the
indices of trees obtained confirmed the importance that the income has in the establishment of
environmental quality. Contributed to this analysis the fact the town Vilela have the lowest
levels of education, income and only 19% of trees cataloged in the search.
Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology
Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.)
2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.