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N. Stryamets et al. 2010. Role of non-wood forest products for sustainable development of rural communities 600 NWFP includes harvesting of hay, grazing, picking fruits, nuts, mushrooms, berries and medical herb. The collection of NWFP for private needs in state and community forests is free to everyone. Private forests are owned by private persons or companies, and may occupy up to 5 ha. In private forest local people have to secure a permit for harvesting of NWFPs from the owner (Forestry Code of Ukraine, 2006). Collection of NWFPs with the aim to sell them is called “special use of NWFPs”. Commercial collection of NWFPs by a private person or a company requires a special permit and the collector has to pay a fee to the state or the forest owner. The State program “Forests of Ukraine during 2010-2015” is based on the MCPFE criteria and indicators, and defines the guidelines for forest management towards SFM. Collection of secondary forest products (NWFPs) in managed forests should be done without harming forest ecosystems (Cabinet Ministriv of Ukraine 1996). Medical herbs and mushrooms which are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Cabinet Ministriv of Ukraine 1996, Red Data Book of Ukraine, 1996) are not allowed to harvest, not even parts of the plants or mushrooms. There is a list of species that are endangered and should be collected under strict control, this include a special ticket or permit that all collectors has to buy. Harvesting of wild berries is allowed if the ground covers of berries plant are more than 10%, the cover of medical herbs are more than 5% of the ground cover in the forest (Cabinet Ministriv of Ukraine, 1996). The requirements concerning harvesting of medical herbs also include regulations about the parts of the herbs which could be collected, for example, roots should be harvested less than 10%. For leaves and stands of the herb less than 40% of the biological productivity in the forest could be harvested. The forestry enterprises are obliged to protect forest wood and non-wood resources from illegal or harmful consumption by people. In protected forests there are many restrictions regarding harvesting of NWFPs. There are certain limitations on harvesting of NWFPs in other types of protected areas. For example, in a national nature park the use of NWFPs is prohibited in the management zone of strict nature protection, however, it is allowed in the management zones where tourist faculties are located and where local people conduct their land use activities. Collection is always prohibited in strict protected reserves (Law of Ukraine on Nature Protected Areas in Ukraine, 1992). 4. Discussion The economic importance of the forest and forestry wood and non-wood products is significant, especially in rural areas in the north and west of Ukraine (Nordberg, 2007). Commercialisation of NWFPs has a potential to contribute to the livelihoods of rural people in Ukraine. Valueadded processing of NWFPs could in addition contribute to household income. Thus, sustainable management of NWFP is potentially important to support rural development (MCPFE, 1998). NWFP and their value-added processing have attracted considerable interest as a component of different development projects in recent years due to their potential to support rural livelihoods (Angelstam et al. 2009, Angelstam and Elbakidze 2009). At the same time, in some European regions, NWFPs and services provide more revenue than wood sales (MCPFE 2007, Arnold and Pe´rez 2001). However, there are many challenges to balance production of wood as is economically the most important product of forests and the increasing demand for NWFPs from European forests (MCPFE, 2007). To conclude, there is a need to investigate the role of NWFP in countries with different economic and social-cultural conditions and systems of governance of natural resources. The next step in our studies of NWFP will be to interview local forest stakeholders in villages located in case studies in Ukraine and Sweden. Key topics that will be studied include the Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
N. Stryamets et al. 2010. Role of non-wood forest products for sustainable development of rural communities 601 reasons, places/habitats and methods of NWFPs collection, amount of harvested NWFPs by different groups of forest stakeholders, existing practices of NWFP utilization, including traditional one. References Angelstam, P., Elbakidze, M., 2009. Traditional knowledge for sustainable management of forest landscapes in Europe’s East and West. In: Soloviy, I.P., Keeton, W.S. (eds.). Ecological Economics and Sustainable Forest Management: Developing a transdisciplinary approach for the Carpathian Mountains. Ukrainian National Forestry University Press, Lviv, Ukraine. pp. 151-162. Angelstam, P., Elbakidze, M., Axelsson; R., Törnblom, J., 2009. Sustainable Forest Management from policy to practice, and back again: landscapes as laboratories for knowledge production and learning in the Carpathian Mountains. In: Soloviy, I.P., Keeton, W.S. (eds.). Ecological Economics and Sustainable Forest Management: Developing a trans-disciplinary approach for the Carpathian Mountains. Ukrainian National Forestry University Press, Lviv, Ukraine. pp. 389-414. Arnold, M.J.E., Pe´rez M. R., 2001. ANALYSIS. Can non-timber forest products match tropical forest conservation and development objectives Ecological Economics 39, 437–447. Bihun, Y., 2005. Principles of Sustainable Forest Management in the Framework of Regional Economic Development. Vistnyk Lvivs’kogo Unviversytetu. Seria Geografichna. 32, pp. 19–32. Bradley C. Bennett., 2002. Forest products and traditional peoples: Economic, biological, and cultural considerations. Natural Resources Forum 26, 293–301 Cabinet Ministriv of Ukraine, 1996. Regulation on Second-Quality Timber Harvest and Non- Timber Products and Services in Ukrainian Forests. Resolution, Cabinet of Ministers, Ukraine, 23.04.1996 № 449 Chandrasekharan C., 1995 Terminology, definition and classification of forest products other than wood. In: Report. International Expert Consultation on Non-Wood forest products. Schmincke K.-H. Yogyakarta. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture organization of the UN (FAO), Forest products division, 1995. 342-380pp. Elbakidze, M., Angelstam, P., 2007. Implementing sustainable forest management in Ukraine’s Carpathian Mountains: The role of traditional village systems. Forest Ecology and Management 249: 28–38. Elbakidze, M., Angelstam, P., 2009. Role of traditional village systems for sustainable forest landscapes: a case study in the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains. In: Soloviy, I.P., Keeton, W.S. (eds.). Ecological Economics and Sustainable Forest Management: Developing a transdisciplinary approach for the Carpathian Mountains. Ukrainian National Forestry University Press, Lviv, Ukraine. pp. 301-316. Elbakidze, M., Angelstam, P., Axelsson, R.,2007. Sustainable forest management as an approach to regional development in the Russian Federation: state and trends in Kovdozersky Model Forest in the Barents region. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 22:568-581. Forestry Code of Ukraine, 2006. 08.02.2006 .(In Ukrainian) Gensiruk, S.A., 1992. Forests of Ukraine, Lisy Ykrainy. Naukova dumka, Kiev, 408 pp.(In Ukrainian) Hyde, W.F., Köhlin, G.,2000. Social forestry reconsidered. Silva Fennica 34(3), 285–314. Janse, G., Ottitsch, A., 2005. Factors influencing the role of Non-Wood Forest Products and Services, Forest Policy and Economics 7, 309– 319 Law of Ukraine on Nature Protected Areas in Ukraine, 1992 .16.06.92, № 34 .(In Ukrainian) Lazdinis, M., 2000. Sustainable forest development. Intoductory research essey. Departament of conservation biology, SLU, Uppsala. 41. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. Th
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
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F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
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A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
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G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
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E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
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M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
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J.O. López-Martínez et al. 2010.
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Modeling lan
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R.S. Moro & T.K. Pereira 2010. Eval
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R.S. Moro & C.H Rocha 2010. A metho
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V. Núñez et al. 2010. Landscape i
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S.G. Plexida & A.I. Sfougaris 2010.
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M. Redon & S. Luque 2010. Tengmalm
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M.C.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Contr
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M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
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T.N. Terra & R.F dos Santos 2010. L
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E. Tetetla-Rangel et al. 2010. Rela
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M. Tsibulnikova 2010. Economic esti
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M. Akbarzadeh & E. Kouhgardi 2010.
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B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
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B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
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J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
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S.M. Carvalho & A.R. de Freitas 201
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Quant
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I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
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J.S.V. Filho & M.L. Leite 2010. Sim
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F.J. Gómez et al. 2010. Land use c
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L.Leite & J.S.V. Filho 2010. Iden
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M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
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G. Puddu et al. 2010. Landscape tra
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H.R. Ratsimba et al. 2010. Multi-sc
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. L
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J. Schaefer-Santos & C. Lingnau 201
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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J. Superson et al. 2010. The defore
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N. Avani et al. 2010. Investigation
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M. Deconchat et al. 2010. Identific
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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A.M. Geraldes 2010. Landscape runof
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A.M. Geraldes & M.J. Boavida 2010.
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K. Koschke et al. 2010. Using a mul
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Assessing
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A. Matos et al. 2010. Economic valu
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A. Migliozzi et al. 2010. Land-use
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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Section 7 Management and sustainabi
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P. Angelstam & M. Elbakidze. 2010.
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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Management and conservation of Medi
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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