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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship between small ruminants behaviour and landscape features in Northeast of Portugal 550 landscape, such us hedgerows, scattered trees on the arable fields, forage trees, have been preserved over time by their functional value. However, part of these structures is threatened by the abandonment of agriculture and rural areas. Also, this specific pastoral system is strongly threatened. As a result, specific measures for its conservation should be taken as soon as possible, in accordance with European Landscape Convention assumptions. References Bailey D. W., Gross J. E., Laca A. E., Rittenhouse L. R., Coughernour M. B., Swift D. M. and Sims P. L. 1996. Mechanisms that result in large herbivore grazing distribution patterns. J. Range Manage., 49 (5): 386-400. Bailey D. W., Kress D. D., Anderson D. C., Boss D. L. and Miller E. T. 2001. Relationship between terrain use and perfomance of beef cows grazing foothill rangeland. J. Anim. Sci., 79: 1883-1891. Barbosa J. C. and Portela J. 2000. O pastoreio de percurso no sistema de exploração de ovinos em Trás-os-Montes. Pages 95-116 in Montmuro - a última rota da transumância. A. D. P. A., Viseu. Baumont R., Prache S., Meuret M. and Morand-Fehr P. 2000. How forage characteristics influence behaviour and intake in small ruminants: a review. Livestock Production Science, 64: 15-28. Castro M. 2004. Análisis de la Interacción vegetación-herbívoro en sistemas silvo-pastorales basados en Quercus pyrenaica. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares. Castro M., Castro J. F. and Gómez Sal A. 2004. L'utilisation du territoire par les petits ruminants dans la région de montagne de Trás-os-Montes, au Portugal. In: J. P. Dubeuf (Eds). Evolution des systemes de production ovine et caprine: Avenir des systems extensifs face aux changements de la societe. Zaragoza, CIHEAM / FAO / IZCS / CIRVAL: pp.249-254. De Miguel J. M., Rodríguez M. A. and Gómez Sal A. 1997. Determination of animal behaviorenvironment relation-ships by correspondence analysis. J. Range Manage., 50 (1): 85-93. Ganskopp D., Cruz R. and Johnson D. E. 2000. Least-effort pathways: a GIS analysis of livestock trails in rugged terrain. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 68: 179-190. Ganskopp D. and Vavra M. 1987. Slope use by cattle, feral horses, deer, and bighorn sheep. Northwest Sci., 61: 74-81. Ganskopp D. C. and Bohnert D. W. 2009. Landscape nutritional patterns and cattle distribution in rangeland pastures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 116: 110-119. George M., Bailey D., Borman M., Ganskopp D., Surber G. and Harris N. 2007. Factors and Practices that influence Livestock Distribution. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Communication Services, Oakland, CA. Godron M. 1965. Les principaux types de profils écologiques. CEPE/CNRS, Montpellier. 8 p. Horne J. S., Garton E. O. and Rachlow J. L. 2008. A synoptic model of animal space use: Simultaneous estimation of home range, habitat selection, and inter/intra-specific relationships. Ecological Modelling, 214: 338-348. INMG 1991. O clima de Portugal. Normas climatológicas da região de "Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro" e "Beira Interior", correspondentes a 1951 - 1980. INMG, Lisboa. Meuret M. 1996. Organizing a grazing route to motivate intake on coarse resources. Ann. Zootech., 45 (Suppl.): 87-88. Oom S. P., Beecham J. A., Legg C. J. and Hester A. J. 2004. Foraging in a complex environment: from foraging strategies to emergent spatial properties. Ecological Complexity, 1: 299-327. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
M. Elbakidze et al. 2010. Does forest certification contribute to boreal biodiversity conservation 551 Does forest certification contribute to boreal biodiversity conservation Swedish and Russian experiences Marine Elbakidze¹ * , Per Angelstam¹, Kjell Andersson¹, Mats Nordberg¹ & Yurij Pautov² ¹ School for Forest Engineers, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-739 21 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden ² Silver Taiga Foundation, P.O. Box 810 Syktyvkar, 167 000 Komi Republic, Russian Federation Abstract Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is one of the leading forest certification schemes, which encourages sustainable forest management. While many studies have been done concerning the political and social outcomes of FSC, little is known about the contribution of certification for biodiversity conservation on the ground. We analysed the FSC standard content for biodiversity conservation at different spatial scales, and outcomes of FSC implementation for boreal biodiversity conservation on-the-ground using concrete forests management units in Russia and Sweden. Focusing on state forest management units in both countries we evaluated the connectivity of set-aside forests by applying morphological spatial pattern analyses. The Russian standard included spatial scales from tree and stand to landscape and ecoregion, while the Swedish standard focused on finer scales. Areas set-aside for FSC were similar in both countries, but formal protection in the Russian study area was three times higher than in Sweden. Swedish set-aside core areas were two orders of magnitude smaller, had much lower connectivity and were located in a fragmented forestland holding. To conclude, the potential of FSC for biodiversity conservation depends on the amount of formal protection, the spatial configuration of forest management units, and the functionality of habitat networks. Thus the areas certified according has limited information contents. Keywords: structural and functional connectivity, Sveaskog Co, Komi Republic, formally and informally protected areas 1. Introduction At the beginning of the 1990s different forest certification schemes appeared in order to promote implementation of sustainable forest management (SFM) policies in both developed and developing countries (e.g., Gulbrandsen 2005). The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes (PEFC) are the two leading forest certification schemes, and both aim to encourage SFM implementation at different levels from local to global (Cashore et al. 2003, 2005; Auld et al. 2008; Gullison 2003). In this paper we focus on the certified forests in the boreal biome on the European continent. The FSC scheme is the only international certification system with wide geographical coverage in boreal forests in Europe, and the vast majority of the FSC certified forests in Europe are located in the boreal ecoregion. Sweden and the Russian Federation have the largest areas of FSC-certified forest in Europe, and both use wood to create forest products sold on international markets where certification matters to customers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +46(0)581-660433 E-mail address: marine.elbakidze@smsk.slu.se Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. Th
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
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F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
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A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
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G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
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E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
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M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
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J.O. López-Martínez et al. 2010.
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Modeling lan
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R.S. Moro & T.K. Pereira 2010. Eval
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R.S. Moro & C.H Rocha 2010. A metho
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V. Núñez et al. 2010. Landscape i
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M. Tsibulnikova 2010. Economic esti
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M. Akbarzadeh & E. Kouhgardi 2010.
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J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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Section 9 Symposia
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Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
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Measures of landscape structure as
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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Management and conservation of Medi
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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